花生四烯酸软胶囊产品的开发

为进一步遮盖高纯度花生四烯酸的不良味道、防止氧化、保证产品纯度、延长花生四烯酸产品的货架期,采用软胶囊技术对花生四烯酸进行包埋。通过优化囊壳成分及其配比,获得花生四烯酸软胶囊的囊壳制备工艺及最佳参数,并对制备工艺进行稳定性考察,连续3批试验误差小于5%,差异不显著,说明试验工艺稳定。     

微胶囊化发芽大豆肽粗提物泡腾饮片制备工艺的研究

以微胶囊化发芽大豆肽粗提物为主料,采用酸碱混合非水制粒法制备泡腾固体饮片,经单因素试验、正交试验、模糊数学感官评价法对制备泡腾饮片配方进行筛选。结果表明,泡腾片最佳配方为:黏合剂选择含有3%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的无水乙醇溶液;微胶囊化发芽大豆肽粗提物粉末添加量为10%;崩解剂总用量为80%,由柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠组成,两者比例为1.4∶1.0,即添加量分别为47%,33%;甜味剂由三氯蔗糖和甜菊糖复合组成,两者添加量均为1%;香精添加量为0.2%。研制的泡腾饮片具有酸甜可口、营养价值高、有益健康、便于携带等特点。     

玉米须多糖的制备方法及化学组成的研究

对玉米须中水溶性多糖的制备方法和化学组成进行了研究。结果表明,玉米须多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料水比为1∶30,在温度90℃下提取2次,每次2h。在此条件下,100g玉米须可提取多糖4.55g,多糖的中性糖含量为41.33%。玉米须多糖主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖和木糖所组成,它们的比例为1∶0.89∶0.48∶0.39∶0.34∶0.26。其中,木糖的构型为α-D-吡喃环,阿拉伯糖的构型为α-L-呋喃环,葡萄糖的构型为α-D-吡喃环,甘露糖的构型为β-D-吡喃环。此外,玉米须多糖中还含有微量的蛋白质。     

调合油的营养价值和储藏稳定性的研究

在实验室内进行了菜籽油和精炼棉籽油的调合试验.结果表明:菜籽油和棉籽油调合的油,既改善了菜籽油的营养价值;饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸的比例为:0.3∶0.9∶1.又比精炼棉籽油的储存稳定性好.菜籽油、棉籽油调合的油安全储存时间是单独储存精炼棉籽油的2倍多.而且这两种油可在同一地区生产,所以,本项研究还是一条方便易行,经济有效的途径.     

α-亚麻酸微胶囊化技术研究

采用尿素包合法富集橡胶籽油中的α-亚麻酸,为降低其氧化速度,采用喷雾干燥法对α-亚麻酸进行微胶囊化研究,优化微胶囊壁材的组成配比及工艺参数,并对制备的微胶囊产品进行电镜观察及氧化稳定性测试。结果表明,α-亚麻酸微胶囊化壁材的组成采用β-环糊精、海藻酸钠、卵磷脂的质量比为7∶2∶1;优化的微胶囊化工艺参数为:芯材与壁材的配比为1∶1.5,固形物浓度为20%,乳化剂用量为2.0%,乳化温度为65℃,喷雾干燥进风温度180℃、出风温度80℃,制得的α-亚麻酸微胶囊的包埋效果最好,包埋率可达87.6%,微胶囊颗粒圆整,结构致密,氧化稳定性大大优于α-亚麻酸原液。     

用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定亚麻籽中脂肪酸含量与组成试验

采用毛细管气相色谱法,对甘肃省中部地区主要栽培的油用亚麻——天亚8号中的脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析,结果表明:亚麻籽中含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸5.314 g/100 g,油酸8.459 g/100 g,亚麻酸17.653 g/100 g,不饱和脂肪酸总含量达31.426 g/100 g。     

超声波辅助浸提制备牡丹花茶饮料的工艺配方优化研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验对超声波辅助浸提制备牡丹花茶饮料的工艺配方进行优化。结果表明,牡丹花茶饮料最佳制备工艺条件为：料水比1∶20(g/mL),超声波浸提功率180 W,浸提时间30 min,浸提温度70℃。牡丹花茶饮料最优配方为：超声波浸提原液稀释比1∶11(V/V),酸味剂（苹果酸∶柠檬酸∶醋酸体积比为1∶1∶1）添加量0.1%,木糖醇添加量7%,天然植物萃取物添加量0.15%,按照该配方制备的牡丹花茶饮料风味独特、品质稳定。     

麦胚口服液的开发与研究

以麦胚为主要原料,通过磨浆的方法,采用梯度试验和正交试验,确定了麦胚口服液的最佳工艺条件为:料水比1∶6,加酶量0.2%,95℃保持40min;活性炭加入量为0.5%;适宜浓缩比2.7∶1。对所得产品进行了抗氧化试验,添加0.01%的尼泊金乙酯,能有效地抑制麦胚液中不饱和脂肪酸的氧化。     

榛树叶片膜脂脂肪酸组成与其耐寒性的关系

分析了耐寒性不同的6个榛树品种及其叶片膜脂、膜极性脂的脂肪酸组成与含量。榛树叶片膜脂脂肪酸主要是棕榈酸(C16:0)、棕榈油酸(C16:1)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、亚麻酸(C18:3)、二十二烷酸(C22:0)和二十四烷酸(C24:0);膜极性脂的脂肪酸主要是棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)和亚麻酸(C18:3)。研究结果表明,榛树叶片膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量高低与榛树的耐寒性强弱成正相关;榛树叶片膜极性脂不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值与榛树的耐寒性相关,耐寒性强的榛树的种子具有较高的不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比值。     

油茶籽油脂肪酸组成及掺混大豆油的检测

利用气相色谱法分析梅州油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成,以此为基础摸索建立油茶籽油掺入大豆油的鉴别方法。结果表明:梅州油茶籽油平均含有10.41%的饱和脂肪酸,主要为软脂酸和硬脂酸;含有81.48%单不饱和脂肪酸,主要为油酸和花生一烯酸;含有8.11%多不饱和脂肪酸,主要为亚油酸和亚麻酸,是一种典型的单不饱和脂肪酸油脂。掺入大豆油后,根据特征脂肪酸组成和含量的变化,可对掺混油作定性定量分析。     

超声波辅助溶剂法提取芦柑籽精油工艺优化

研究了超声波辅助溶剂法萃取芦柑籽精油的最佳工艺条件,并分析其理化性质及脂肪酸组成。结果表明,采用超声波功率130W、料液比（mg︰mL）1︰7、处理时间120s,所得精油提取率为40.49%,且各理化指标均符合要求;气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析表明芦柑籽精油含有亚油酸（36.0721%）、油酸（28.1571%）、棕榈酸（29.5704%）、硬脂酸（3.4877%）、亚麻酸（2.7126%）,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达66.9418%。     

响应面法优化提取糜子油

为了确定糜子油的最优提取工艺,并对其脂肪酸成分进行分析,在单因素实验基础上,以糜子油得率作为响应目标,通过中心复合设计进行优化,确定索氏提取法提取糜子油的最佳条件。利用气质联用仪对糜子脂肪酸成分检测。结果表明,提取溶剂石油醚,液料比为20:1,提取温度80℃,淋洗时间30 min 时提取条件为最佳,最佳得率为4.51%。对糜子油进行甲酯化后经气相色谱质谱仪分析,得到其主要脂肪酸为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸等,主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主,是优质脂肪酸。     

利用大豆油制备生物柴油的技术研究

研究了大豆油在碱催化剂(KOH)的作用下与甲醇发生转脂化反应,制备生物柴油的工艺条件,并采用气相色谱法,测定了生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的成分及含量。探讨了醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件对生物柴油得率的影响。正交实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为:反应温度50℃,醇油摩尔比为6∶1,催化剂添加量为1.3%,反应时间为40min,在此反应条件下,生物柴油得率高达92%。     

Irrigation has Little Effect on Unsaturated Fatty Acid Content in Soya Bean Seed Oil within Genotypes Differing in Fatty Acid Profile

Soya bean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes with modified unsaturated fatty acid profiles in seed oil have been developed. Higher oleic (18:1) and lower linolenic (18:3) acids are desirable for increased use of soya bean oil in food and industrial applications. The environment affects levels of unsaturated fatty acids in soya bean and it is important that desired components of seed oil are produced across a range of growing conditions. Our objective was to determine whether irrigation affects fatty acid levels in soya bean with altered fatty acid profiles. Seven modified oil genotypes which included elevated oleic acids, and/or reduced linolenic acid, along with two common soya bean varieties were evaluated with and without irrigation (rain fed) in four environments in each of 2 years. Irrigation generally had no significant influence on unsaturated fatty acid accumulation in seed oil in soya bean genotypes with altered fatty acid profiles. However, irrigation tended to show desirable effects on 18:1 and 18:3 contents in the genotypes studied. Oleic acid tended to be higher in eight of the nine genotypes and linolenic acid was lower in six of the nine genotypes under irrigation vs. rain fed treatments.     

尿素包合法分离文冠果种仁油中亚油酸的工艺研究

文冠果油富含不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸的含量最高。为制取功能油脂亚油酸,采用尿素包合法分离文冠果油中亚油酸。试验考察了尿素用量(尿素/混合脂肪酸MFA)、溶剂用量(尿素/乙醇)、包合温度及时间对分离纯化效果的影响,并采用气相色谱分析检测了样品的纯度。结果表明,尿素包埋法分离亚油酸的最佳工艺条件为:尿素/MFA为1.5∶1,尿素/乙醇为6∶1,包合时间为18 h,包合温度为3℃,得到的粗品经气相色谱检测亚油酸质量分数为92.17%,比原样品提高了53.42%,亚油酸得率为78.39%。     

Changes in fatty acid composition associated with recurrent selection for groat-oil content in oat

Summary Groat oil of oat (Avena sativa L.) is a well-balanced oil with respect to saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, we measured the effect of six cycles of recurrent selection for high groat-oil content on the fatty acid composition of the groat oil. From each cycle of selection, 50 oat lines were grown in a replicated field experiment at two sites and were evaluated for groat-oil content and fatty acid composition.Concentrations of palmitate and linolenate decreased moderately over cycles of selection, whereas stearate content increased. A major increase occurred in the content of oleate and a major decrease in linoleate. Most of the modification of fatty acid composition took place within the saturated and unsaturated classes. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids increased over cycles of selection. Significant genetic variation was present for each fatty acid, indicating that selection for different desired fatty acid compositions in groat oil of oat should be possible in this population.Abbreviations GO groat-oil content - 16:1 palmitate - 18:0 stearate - 18:1 oleate - 18:2 linoleate - 18:3 linolenate     

栝楼籽油容易凝固的原因分析

为了分析栝楼籽油凝固的原因,找出栝楼籽油黏性变化的分子结构基础,以紫苏籽油为参照,采用紫外分光光度法进行了紫苏籽油和栝楼籽油紫外光谱扫描和分析,并与用马来酸和共轭亚油酸作为孤立双键和二共轭双键为标准品绘制标准曲线进行比对,分析了栝楼籽油和紫苏籽油不饱和脂肪酸所含的共轭双键类型和含量的差异。结果表明,紫苏籽油不饱和脂肪酸中仅含孤立双键,含量达365.8 mg/mL,而瓜蒌籽油的不饱和脂肪酸中除含孤立双键外,均含有三共轭双键。此外,黄色栝楼籽油还含有二共轭双键（含量为197.01 mg/mL）。栝楼籽油不饱和脂肪酸含有一定量的二、三共轭双键,易发生加成、聚合,致使其饱和脂肪酸含量增加、凝固点降低、黏性增大,此为栝楼籽油储藏过程中容易发生凝固的主要原因。     

Effect of 1,1-Dimethyl Piperidinium Chloride (Pix) on the Seed, Protein, Oil and Fatty Acids of Egyptian Cotton

Two field experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 on the cotton cultivar, Giza 75 (Gossypiitm barbadense L.) to determine the effect of foliar application of Pix at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 ppm on cottonseed yield, seed index, protein and oil contents and fatty acid compositions of cottonseed oil. Pix was sprayed once at 90 days or twice at 90 and 110 days from sowing date.
Seed yield/plant or /ha, protein and oil yield/ha, and seed index increased due to the application of Pix compared to the control. The highest response occurred with 40 or 60 ppm Pix and with one application rather than two. The seed protein percentage increased due to Pix application, especially at 10 ppm. A slight increase in seed oil percentage was detected throughout Pix applications. The number of applications had no noticeable effect on seed protein and oil %. Application of Pix caused a general decrease in the saturated fatty acids (myristic, stearic, and palmitic), associated with an increase in the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). These results were confirmed bv the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to total saturated (TU/TS). Ten ppm Pix gave the highest TU/TS. Generally, the saturated fatty acids decreased while the unsaturated fatty acids increased with one application rather than two. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid, whereas linoleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated ones.     

紫苏二酰基甘油酰基转移酶2基因克隆与功能研究

二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(diacylglycerol acyltransferase, DGAT)是植物合成三酰甘油(TAG)最后一步的关键酶,其中DGAT2在某些植物的种子油中能选择性积累更多不饱和脂肪酸。本文成功克隆了紫苏二酰基甘油酰基转移酶2基因(PfDGAT2),并进行生物信息学分析。PfDGAT2实时荧光定量结果表明,不同器官中PfDGAT2基因均有表达, 10 d种子的表达量最高,在根中的表达量次之,在种子发育中后期,PfDGAT2表达量逐渐降低。与野生型拟南芥相比,过表达PfDGAT2拟南芥种子含油率提高了21.68%～77.89%,其中种子含油率增加最多的4个株系,其亚麻酸(C18:3)增加4.57%,花生一烯酸(C20:1)增加7.44%,花生二烯酸(C20:2)增加5.4%,二十二一烯酸(C22:1)增加10.37%,而棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和亚油酸(C18:2)含量分别降低了3.47%、6.64%和4.83%,油酸(C18:1)和花生酸(C20:0)分别只降低了0.18%和1.91%。本研究结果表明,紫苏PfDGAT2基因不仅能提高种子含油率,还能促进亚麻酸、花生一烯酸等不饱和脂肪酸的积累,这为研究植物不饱和脂肪酸的合成积累提供了参考及理论依据。     

杏仁红衣总多酚提取条件的优化

运用正交试验,对乙醇提取杏仁红衣多酚的条件进行了优化。考察了影响杏仁红衣总多酚提取效果的4个因素。结果显示,杏仁红衣总多酚的最佳提取条件为:体积分数为70%的乙醇作溶剂,料液比为1∶20,提取次数为2次,超声波提取时间为30min,在该条件下,多酚粗提物得率为15.8%,多酚得率为4.6%,多酚纯度为38.4%。