优质食味粳米品种筛选试验报告

开展了6个优质食味粳稻品种生育特性、产量及品质比较研究。结果表明,参试各品种较适应当地土壤、气候条件,全生育期在137~150 d,在淮安种植能够正常成熟。综合各品种展示结果,淮安及相似生态条件地区种植优质食味粳米品种以南粳2728和南粳9108为主,其中南粳2728全生育期适中,适合作为机插秧品种种植,南粳9108生育期偏长,建议采用手栽或钵苗机插秧。     

机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响

目的 机插密度对水稻产量和品质有重要影响,但机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量与群体质量的调控作用尚不清楚。明确优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距可为水稻机械化高产优质栽培提供理论与实践依据。方法 以南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个江苏优质食味水稻品种为材料,在机插行距固定为30 cm的情况下,研究了10、12、14、16和18 cm五种株距对上述水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响。结果 南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个水稻品种的茎蘖成穗率、高效叶面积指数、粒叶比(粒重/叶面积)、抽穗后群体冠层净光合速率和抽穗至成熟干物质积累量均在株距为12 cm时最大。上述水稻品种产量均随株距增加呈现先增加先减少的趋势,产量与株距呈二次曲线关系。依据曲线方程计算出两年中南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46高产最适株距分别为11.6 cm,11.6~12.3 cm和10.8~11.4 cm。结论 机插秧行距固定为30 cm时,11~12 cm的株距有利于改善优质食味水稻的群体质量指标并提高其产量,可作为江苏省代表性优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距。     

南粳9108钵苗机插不同播种量对比试验研究

水稻钵苗机栽技术是近年来江苏沿海垦区兴起的一项新技术。对江苏沿海垦区推广种植的优质高产高效迟熟中粳水稻南粳9108钵苗机栽进行不同播种量对秧苗素质、植株性状、茎蘖消长、产量与产量构成等作用效应的研究。结果表明:南粳9108钵苗机插硬盘育秧时,播种量与秧苗素质呈负相关关系,播种量越大,移栽时秧苗素质表现越差;在1~7粒/孔的播种量范围内,随着播种量的提高,南粳9108在移栽田中茎蘖数越高;有效穗数随播种量加大而呈先增加后减少趋势,在5粒/孔时达最高,实际产量以4粒/孔处理为最高;故南粳9108大面积生产培育壮秧时以每穴3~5粒为宜。     

淮河下游稻区机插粳稻新品种比较试验研究

通过不同粳稻品种机插种植比较试验研究,结果表明,圣稻16、新稻21全生育期140 d,早熟;宁9213、武运粳24全生育期161 d,偏迟熟;其余品种全生育期为151～154 d,适中;武运粳24、连粳9号、新稻18、南粳9108、武运粳27实收产量均在700 kg/667 m2以上,产量较高,其它品种产量在680.6～697.8 kg/667 m2,差异较小。从产量、生育期和抗性等方面综合分析,武运粳27、中稻1号、淮稻5号、南粳9108、连粳9号适合在淮河下游稻区大面积推广种植,其余品种尚需扩大示范或再示范。     

氮肥与穴苗数对机插优质稻南粳9108产量及主要品质性状的影响

以优质粳稻南粳9108为机插材料,设置每hm~2施纯氮225 kg、270 kg和315 kg 3个施氮水平,3苗/穴和5苗/穴2个栽插密度,研究了施氮量和穴苗数对南粳9108产量及主要品质性状的影响。结果表明,随施氮量增加,产量呈先增后减趋势,270 kg/hm~2处理产量显著或极显著高于其他处理,加工品质中的精米率和整精米率呈下降趋势,外观品质得到改善,但食味品质变劣,RVA谱特征值中的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度变小,而消减值和糊化温度升高;随穴栽苗数增加,低氮处理实产增加,中、高氮处理呈降低趋势,加工品质和外观品质均变劣,食味值也降低,RVA谱特征值各指标呈上升趋势;施氮量270 kg/hm~2和3苗/穴的组合南粳9108实测产量最高,施氮量为225 kg/hm~2和5苗/穴的组合可实现稳产优质的目标。本文总结了机插稻南粳9108高产优质栽培技术关键,可为进一步扩大该品种的种植面积提供技术参考。     

超级稻南粳9108毯式钵苗机插精确定量栽培技术

本文主要介绍了超级稻南粳9108毯式钵苗机插精确定量栽培的产量目标、生育指标、育秧技术、机插技术、大田管理等内容,强调要实现优质与高产同步,必须严格按照超级稻南粳9108毯式钵苗机插精确定量栽培技术,强化管理、科学推广。     

南粳9108在淮安市机插栽培的生长特性及技术规程

为进一步推进江苏淮安市优质稻米产业发展,2011-2014连续4年在全市开展了麦秸秆全量还田条件下优质粳稻南粳9108群特特征、生育特性及其配套栽培技术研究。初步研明淮安市麦秸秆全量还田条件下南粳9108的产量结构、生育性状及品质参数,并集成了相关栽培技术规程,以期为淮安市及相似生态条件地区规模种植南粳9108提供技术参考。     

优质食味粳稻南粳9108机插高产栽培技术

较为系统地阐述了优质食味粳稻南粳9108高产栽培目标、技术路径,揭示了优质食味粳稻南粳9108机插高产栽培技术。     

秧龄对不同类型粳稻品种钵苗机插产量及产量形成的影响

钵苗机插条件下,以中熟中粳稻连粳10号、迟熟中粳稻南粳9108和籼粳杂交稻甬优2640为材料,研究了不同秧龄处理对不同类型粳稻生育期、产量及产量构成、群体茎蘖动态、叶面积指数和物质生产的影响。结果表明,中熟中粳稻最高产对应的秧龄处理为20 d,产量达710.68 kg/667 m~2,而迟熟中粳稻和籼粳杂交稻以秧龄35 d处理产量最高,分别为749.26 kg/667 m~2和849.38 kg/667 m~2。可见,不同类型粳稻品种最高产对应的秧龄不同,在实际生产中,应根据茬口的安排和品种的生育期选择适宜的品种类型,才能充分发挥钵苗机插稻高产、优质、高效的优势。     

优质食味稻南粳9108机插高产精确定量栽培技术

南粳9108是江苏省2013年审定通过的迟熟中粳稻品种,属半糯类型,为优质食味品种,具有生育期适中、高产稳产、综合抗性好等优点,呈现较好的推广应用前景。根据3 a生产实践,提出南粳9108机插高产精确定量栽培技术指标及措施。     

Effects of Plant Spacing on Grain Yield and Population Quality in Mechanically-transplanted Rice with Good Tasting Quality

【Objective】The mechanical transplanting density plays an important role in grain yield and quality in rice. However, the effects of plant spacing on grain yield and population quality of mechanically transplanted rice with good tasting have not been clearly understood. Clarifying the optimal plant spacing for good tasting rice could lay a theoretical and practical basis for high yielding and good quality in mechanical cultivation.【Method】In this experiment, three rice cultivars with good tasting quality (Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46) in Jiangsu Province were used as materials, and the effects of plant spacing (10 cm, 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm and 18 cm) on their grain yield and population quality were investigated under mechanical transplanting when the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm.【Result】Productive tillers rate, high efficient leaf area index, grain leaf ratio (grain weight/leaf area), canopy net photosynthetic rate after heading and dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity were the highest under the plant spacing of 12 cm in above three rice cultivars. Grain yields tended to increase at first and then decrease with the increase of the plant spacing, and the relationship of quadric curve was found between grain yield and plant spacing. The optimal plant spacing for grain yield in Nanjing 9108, Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46 ranged from 11.6 cm, 11.6－12.3 cm and 10.8－11.4 cm in two years according to the curve equation, respectively. 【Conclusion】When the row spacing was fixed at 30 cm, the plant spacing of 11－12 cm was helpful to improve the population quality and increase grain yield, and it could be used as the optimal plant spacing for the typical rice cultivars with good tasting in Jiangsu Province under mechanical transplanting.     

Difference in Growth Characteristics,Utilization of Temperature and Illumination of Double- Cropping High Quality Late Rice in Different Ecological Regions of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

【Objective】Under machine-transplanting conditions, four different types of late rice cultivars with high quality were used to investigate the differences of yield, growth characteristics, utilization of temperature and illumination. The results will lay a theoretical basis for the selection of double-cropping late rice varieties suitable for different ecological regions in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.【Method】The yield, growth duration, dry matter accumulation, and utilization of temperature and illumination of double-cropping late rice were comparatively studied using four kinds of rice varieties as test materials namely indica conventional rice, indica hybrid rice, japonica conventional rice and Changyou japonica hybrid rice (20 varieties in total, selected between 2016 and 2017, all of which were high-quality rice in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as double-cropping late rice). The experiment was carried out in two cities, Fuyang, Zhejiang Province (30.05º N, 119.95º E, 17.93 m above sea level) and Lujiang, Anhui Province (31.15º N, 117.16º E, 14 m above sea level).【Result】The yield of the four-types of late rice at high latitude was higher than that at low latitude. The yield of indica conventional rice, indica hybrid rice, japonica conventional rice, and Changyou japonica hybrid rice grown in Lujiang, Anhui Province was 11.1%, 12.9%, 6.6% and 12.4% higher than that in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. When planted in the same places, Changyou japonica hybrid rice had the highest yield, and conventional indica rice had the lowest. The growth period was longer and dry matter accumulation was higher at high latitudes. When planted at high altitudes, the indica hybrid rice growth duration was the longest (10.4 d), and the increase in dry matter accumulation was the largest in conventional japonica rice (11.93% in full heading stage and 9.44% in mature stage). When planted in the same place, the dry matter accumulation was higher in hybrid rice than conventional rice. There was no significant difference in effective accumulated temperature between the filling stage and the whole growth duration of indica rice, but the sunshine hours, solar radiation, and its utilization rate were significantly higher at high latitudes. The effective accumulated temperature decreased significantly in the filling stage and the whole growth stage of japonica rice, but the change of accumulated sunshine hours was not obvious, while the accumulated solar radiation increased significantly at high latitudes. These were consistent with the changing trend of the utilization rate of the temperature and light resources. When planted at the same latitude, the growth period, dry matter accumulation, temperature and light resource utilization rate of japonica rice were higher than those of indica rice.【Conclusion】Late indica rice could make full use of temperature and light resources in order to improve its yield when planted in Lujiang, Anhui Province, but the difference of the utilization efficiency in the temperature and light resources of late japonica rice was not obvious. The yield of late japonica rice in Lujiang, Anhui Province increased because of the extension of the growth duration and the increase of dry matter accumulation.     

长江下游不同生态区双季优质晚稻生长特性和温光利用差异

【目的】研究在机插条件下长江下游不同生态区各类型优质晚稻产量、生长特性和温光利用的差异,为选择适宜在该地区作为双季种植的优质晚稻品种提供参考依据。【方法】以2016年和2017年筛选适合长江下游机插的双季优质晚稻为材料(常规籼稻、杂交籼稻、常规粳稻和常优杂粳共20个品种),比较在机插条件下浙江富阳(30.05°N, 119.95°E,海拔17.9 m)与安徽庐江(31.15ºN, 117.16ºE,海拔14 m)两个生态区在产量、生育期、干物质积累以及温光利用方面的差异。【结果】各类型晚稻产量高纬度试点均高于低纬度试验点。与浙江富阳点相比,安徽庐江点种植的常规籼稻、杂交籼稻、常规粳稻、常优杂粳稻产量分别高11.1%、12.9%、6.6%和12.4%。同一试点种植时,常优杂粳产量最高,常规籼稻最低。高纬度点种植时,生育期延长,干物质积累量增加。高纬度点生育期延长杂交籼稻最长(10.4 d),干物质积累量高纬度点增幅常规粳稻最大(齐穗期和成熟期分别增加11.93%和9.44%)。同一试点种植时,干物质积累量杂交稻大于常规稻。籼稻灌浆期和全生育期累积的有效积温两个纬度点差异不明显,但日照时数和太阳辐射及其利用率均是高纬度点显著高;粳稻灌浆期和全生育期累积的有效积温高纬度点明显较低,累积日照时数高纬度点变化不明显,而累积太阳辐射则显著增加;温光资源利用率的变化趋势与此一致;同一试点种植时,生育期、干物质积累量以及温光资源利用率均是粳稻大于籼稻。【结论】晚籼稻在安徽庐江点种植时能充分利用温光资源从而提高产量,晚粳稻对温光资源利用率差异不明显,安徽庐江点产量增加的原因是生育期延长和干物质增加。     

姊妹系间杂交快速培育优良食味半糯粳稻新品种的育种效果

【目的】优良食味半糯粳稻由于食味品质优良,在长三角地区受到广大农户和消费者的青睐,已成为该地区优质稻米品牌打造的主力品种。为了加快新品种培育速度,我们尝试通过生育期不同的优良食味半糯粳稻姊妹系间杂交的方法培育半糯粳稻新品种。【方法】以来源于武香粳14/关东194的中熟晚粳稻南粳46(全生育期165~170 d)与迟熟中粳稻南粳9108(全生育期150~155 d)互交,通过F₂单株选择和F₃~F₅的优系选择,在F₆获得了38个生育期不同(全生育期140~170 d)的半糯新品系。以亲本南粳46和南粳9108为对照,对新品系进行多年多点的比较试验及产量和抗性鉴定,分析新品系的淀粉理化指标、RVA谱特征值和食味品质。【结果】绝大多数性状有超亲表现,且多数入选新品系农艺性状稳定快,食味品质好,综合性状优良,产量较高。其中,南粳9036、南粳9308、南粳9008已通过江苏省品种审定,5个新品系正在参加各级区域试验。【结论】通过食味品质和综合性状优良、生态类型不同的半糯粳稻姊妹系间杂交,可以快速培育优良食味半糯粳稻新品种。     

规模生产条件下优质食味粳稻南粳9108机插高产栽培技术

通过试验、示范,总结了江苏省泰州市姜堰区水稻种植大户在南粳9108机插生产中存在的问题,提出了规模生产件下南粳9108配套栽培技术。     

江苏淮北地区17个优质粳稻品种适应性筛选试验

为促进优质食味粳稻品种在江苏淮北地区的推广应用,于2019年引进17个优质食味粳稻品种,以徐稻9号为对照,从生育期、抗逆性、丰产性、品质等方面进行综合评价。结果表明,供试的17个品种均能在安全齐穗期内齐穗(该地区安全齐穗期为9月15日前),生育期均处于安全期范围内。比对照增产的品种有7个,其中瑞华1903产量最高,达10888.5 kg/hm^2;圣稻022生育期最短,仅131 d;南粳518株高最矮,为95.7 cm。品质测定结果显示,武运粳1706整精米率和直连淀粉含量最高,分别达75.0%和16.2%;南粳5718、南粳518、南粳2728直链淀粉含量在10.0%左右,为优良食味粳稻品种。通过产量水平、农艺性状、生育期和品质等综合分析认为,供试品种中南粳518、南粳2728丰产性较好、株高较矮,且均为优良食味品种,生产中不仅产量潜力高、米质较优,同时早熟能有效规避低温危害和缓解淮北地区稻麦茬口季节紧张矛盾,适合淮北中熟中粳稻区人工栽插、机插和直播条件下大面积推广应用。     

播期和栽插方式对水稻南粳9108产量和品质的影响

以南粳9108为材料,设计3个播种时间(5月14、21、28日)和3种插秧方式(硬盘机插25 cm行距、硬盘机插30 cm行距、钵苗摆栽),研究其对优良食味水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,早播(5月14日)条件下,水稻钵苗摆栽产量高,品质好;晚播(5月28日)条件下,硬盘机插25 cm行距处理产量高。播期、栽插方式对南粳9108糙米率、精米率影响不显著;垩白粒率、垩白度、整精米率、胶稠度、碱消值均随着播期的推迟而下降,稻米品质降低。     

孕穗期低温对水稻生长及产量形成的影响

以粳稻品种南粳9108和籼稻品种扬两优6号为材料,于孕穗期在人工气候室内分别进行不同低温(13℃、15℃和17℃)及持续时间(3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d)处理,研究不同低温强度与持续天数对水稻生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明,孕穗期低温处理降低了水稻株高、穗长与节间长度,成熟期干物质量显著减少,籽粒空壳率增加,结实率、每穗实粒数减少,籽粒充实度和千粒重降低,产量显著下降。不同类型品种间,籼稻品种扬两优6号耐低温能力弱于粳稻品种南粳9108。