生物菌肥在西瓜上的施用效果

以西瓜品种豫艺甜宝为试材,研究了生物菌肥在西瓜上的施用效果。试验结果表明,生物菌肥施用可以提前西瓜的物候期、提高叶片的光合速率和促进植株生长,每1 hm2施有机无机复混肥1800 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg和三元复合肥750 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg 2个菌肥处理分别比常规施肥增产19.48%、36.53%。与常规施肥相比,生物菌肥还可有效增加西瓜含糖量,提升品质。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,每1 hm^2施有机无机复混肥1800 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg的施肥处理为最优施肥方案。     

有机与无机肥料配施对微型结球白菜生长及品质的影响

在施肥总量完全一致的条件下,研究有机、无机肥料不同配比对微型结球白菜生长、产量、产值以及营养品质的综合影响。试验结果表明,单施有机肥或单施无机化肥均比有机、无机肥料混配施用效果差;采用有机∶无机=2∶1处理的综合效果表现最好,其产量、净产值,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量最高,分别为41.946t/hm2、7.93万元/hm2、40.2g/kg、3.8g/kg;粗纤维含量最低(93.4mg/kg),维生素C(274.7mg/kg)、硝酸盐(746.8mg/kg)含量中等。     

有机与无机肥料配施对微型结球白菜生长及品质的影响

在施肥总量完全一致的条件下,研究有机、无机肥料不同配比对微型结球白菜生长、产量、产值以及营养品质的综合影响.试验结果表明,单施有机肥或单施无机化肥均比有机、无机肥料混配施用效果差;采用有机:无机=2:1处理的综合效果表现最好,其产量、净产值,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量最高,分别为41.946 t/hm2、7.93万元/hm2、40.2g/kg、3.8 g/g;粗纤维含量最低(93.4 mg/kg),维生素C(274.7 mg/kg)、硝酸盐(746.8 mg/kg)舍量中等.     

硒矿物生物有机肥料在关口葡萄上的应用

以关口葡萄为试材,研究了硒矿物生物有机肥料作基肥对关口葡萄果实硒含量及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明,施用硒矿物生物有机肥料极显著提高了葡萄果实硒含量,施用硒矿物生物有机肥1000 kg/hm2、2000kg/hm2和3000 kg/hm2的处理果实硒含量可分别达到0.079 mg/kg、0.109 mg/kg、0.136 mg/kg。施用硒矿物生物有机肥极显著提高了葡萄果实可溶性固形物含量,施用硒矿物生物有机肥2000 kg/hm2和3000 kg/hm2的处理,果实可溶性固形物分别达13.02%和13.58%,比对照分别高0.68%和1.2%。     

科技文摘

长期大量施肥增加设施菜田土壤可溶性有机氮淋溶风险 可溶性有机氮比较活跃,在氮素转化和生态环境安全方面都有重要作用。该文研究了长期不同施肥处理（不施肥、施有机肥、传统施氮、优化施氮和秸秆还田）对设施菜田土壤矿质氮和可溶性有机氮含量及其在剖面累积的影响。结果表明,设施菜田土壤0～180？cm可溶性有机氮含量范围为29.1～88.9？mg/kg,占可溶性总氮的27%～50%；与不施肥处理相比,有机肥和氮肥的施用显著增加土壤可溶性有机氮的含量,并且随着化肥氮投入的增加可溶性有机氮含量也相应增加；其中,有机肥处理比不施肥处理可溶性有机氮在0～180？cm土层累积增加了1？132？kg/hm2,传统施氮比单施有机肥处理累计增加了？1？505？kg/hm2,秸秆的施用显著降低土壤无机氮累积量,但是对可溶性有机氮没有影响。综上所述,可溶性有机氮是设施菜田氮素重要的损失形态,其对环境的影响值得关注。     

不同施肥处理对油菜产量及土壤理化性状的影响

以油菜为试材,采用田间小区试验,设置5个不同施肥处理,探讨有机-无机复混肥对甘蓝型春油菜(Brussica napus L.)产量、生物学性状和土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:油菜田施用80kg/667m2有机-无机复混肥,对土壤有机质和作物养分、产量提高效果较好。     

有机复混肥替代化肥减施对日光温室番茄生长及土壤环境的影响

为探讨日光温室栽培番茄化肥减量施用技术,通过有机复混肥替代化肥减施不同比例氮,研究其对日光温室番茄植株生长、果实品质、产量、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量等各项指标的影响。结果表明,与对照CK(鸡粪2 000 kg·667 m~(-2)+常规化肥量333 kg·667 m~(-2))相比,有机复混肥替代化肥的减氮施肥处理可不同程度地促进番茄生长,增加产量,改善土壤环境。其中T3(鸡粪2 000 kg·667 m~(-2)+有机复混肥46.88 kg·667 m~(-2)+化肥283 kg·667 m~(-2))处理,即有机复混肥替代减施氮含量15%的化肥,效果显著,番茄植株生长状况最好,产量品质最佳。     

不同肥料对西瓜产量和品质的影响

通过对不同肥料在西瓜上施用研究,分析了施用不同肥料可明显增加西瓜可溶性固形物的含量,提高单瓜重,增加产量的效果;不同肥料以等养分量有机无机复混肥料对提高西瓜产量,改善西瓜品质效果最佳。     

有机无机复混肥对豆角、黄瓜和辣椒产量及经济效益的影响

在田间条件下研究了有机无机复混肥时豆角、黄瓜和辣椒3种蔬菜产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,豆角、黄瓜和辣椒3种蔬菜各施肥处理产量均以施用有机无机复混肥最高。施用有机无机复混肥能增加蔬菜产量,改善果实性状,提高经济效益。     

有机无机复混肥对豆角、黄瓜和辣椒产量及经济效益的影响

在田间条件下研究了有机无机复混肥对豆角、黄瓜和辣椒3种蔬菜产量及经济效益的影响.结果表明,豆角、黄瓜和辣椒3种蔬菜各施肥处理产量均以施用有机无机复混肥最高.施用有机无机复混肥能增加蔬菜产量,改善果实性状,提高经济效益.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.