电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定农业土壤中铯元素

将农业土壤样品经四酸(盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸)分解和王水提取后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)法对其中铯元素进行分析。通过在线加入内标校正基体效应和接口效应,测定元素校正曲线相关系数在0.999 5以上,元素方法检出限(3s)为0.003μg/g,RSD%10(n=12),加标回收率在97.2%~107.6%之间,结果令人满意。     

八月瓜果实主要营养成分含量测定

通过对八月瓜成分进行分析,初步了解八月瓜的营养价值.采用氨基酸自动分析仪分析法、原子吸收光谱法、高效液相色谱法等方法进行.分析测定了三叶木通果八月瓜中氨基酸组成和含量、VitaminC、可溶性糖、脂肪、可溶性同性物、矿质元素钙、铁、锌,果形指数、可滴定酸和可食率.结果表明:100 g鲜果内中VitaminC、脂肪、可溶性糖的含量分别为0.91 mg,45 mg,2.2 g;所测17种氨基酸总量为1.342 g,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸为567 mg/100 g.占氨基酸总量的42.3%;可溶性同形物的总含量2.46%;可滴定酸为0.3512%;可食率20.5%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）测定鸡蛋中金属元素的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定鸡蛋中8种生命元素。拟定了测定方法,加标回收率在91.8%～105.8%范围内,变异系数RSD<10(n=6),检测下限为0.0014～0.34μg/mL,满足分析要求。为食品中微量元素的检测、分析提供了快速、准确的方法。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定鸡蛋中金属元素的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定鸡蛋中8种生命元素.拟定了测定方法,加标回收率在91.8%～105.8%范围内,变异系数RSD《10(n=6),检测下限为0.0014～0.34 μg/mL,满足分析要求.为食品中微量元素的检测、分析提供了快速、准确的方法.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定土壤中多种元素

为优化ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中多种元素的测定条件,采用在线加人内标的方法,探讨同时测定元素Li、Be、Sc、Ge、Mo、Sb、W、Tl、Bi、Th、U的参数条件,并对优化后的条件进行质量水平评价.试验结果表明:元素检出限为0.003～0.450 μg/L;△lgc＜0.04;RSD%＜10(n=12);加标回收率在98%-108%之间.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定土壤中多种元素

为优化ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中多种元素的测定条件,采用在线加入内标的方法,探讨同时测定元素Li、Be、Sc、Ge﹑Mo、Sb、W、Tl、Bi、Th、U的参数条件,并对优化后的条件进行质量水平评价。试验结果表明：元素检出限为0.003～0.450μg/L;Δlgc〈0.04;RSD%〈10（n=12）;加标回收率在98%～108%之间。     

超声波提取—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定婴儿米粉中的常量和微量元素

采用超声波提取—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法提取并测定婴儿米粉中的常量和微量元素。优化超声波提取条件和ICP-AES仪器条件;测得相对标准偏差为0.71%～1.35%,加标回收率为96.1%～103.5%;通过分析国家标准物质GBW10010(大米)和GBW10012(玉米)来验证方法的准确度和精密度,结果得出测定值与标准值吻合。表明此法具有操作简便、检出限低、线性范围宽、精密度高、准确度好等优点,能同时满足微量元素和常量元素的检测要求。     

元素分析仪测定玉米秸秆元素含量不确定度评定

生物质能源是近年来研究清洁可再生能源的热点之一。生物质废弃物中元素碳、氢、氮、硫含量的测试分析,对于研究生物质物料的特性、实现生物质废弃物资源化的利用具有重要意义。文章采用高温热分解元素分析法测定玉米秸秆样品的全碳、全氮、全氢和全硫元素含量,分析了不确定度的来源,建立了整个测量过程中不确定度分量的数学模型,对样品称重、标准物质、测量重复性等影响不确定度的分量进行了评定。玉米秸秆样品元素含量结果表示为:C元素含量(38.4±0.390)%,H元素含量(6.37±0.107)%,N元素含量(0.946±0.015)%,S元素含量(0.139±0.007)%,其中k=2。     

咸水灌溉对基质栽培甜脆豌豆生长及营养品质的影响

【目的】探讨在水资源紧缺地区开展无土栽培咸水灌溉的可行性。【方法】采用基质盆栽试验,以甜脆豌豆为试验对象,设置0.6(淡水)、1.6、2.6、3.6、4.6 g/L共5个矿化度(深层地下淡水掺兑NaCl而成)灌水处理,研究了甜脆豌豆植株地上部和根系生长状况以及豌豆营养品质对咸水灌溉的响应。【结果】与淡水灌溉相比,灌溉水矿化度为3.6 g/L和4.6 g/L时出苗率显著(P<0.05)降低,降幅分别为12.5%和31.2%;甜脆豌豆的株高、地上部鲜/干物质量均随灌溉水矿化度的增加而显著(P<0.05)降低;在播后16 d时1.6 g/L和2.6 g/L处理的甜脆豌豆根系干物质积累未明显降低,但是在播后32d时咸水灌溉处理的根系干物质较淡水灌溉处理分别降低28.9%、40.5%、52.2%和53.1%;随灌溉水矿化度的增加,甜脆豌豆的根冠比呈增加趋势,豌豆淀粉量呈降低趋势,但2.6 g/L与0.6g/L处理间差异不显著(P≥0.05),豌豆可溶性蛋白量和可溶性糖量表现出先增加后减少的趋势,最大值均出现在2.6 g/L处理。【结论】开展基质栽培咸水灌溉甜脆豌豆是可行的,但灌溉水矿化度应≤2.6 g/L。     

N、P、K元素对苹果炭疽叶枯病菌的影响

为明确N、P、K元素对苹果炭疽叶枯病菌的影响，研究了不同浓度NaNO3、NaH2PO4、KCl对炭疽叶枯病菌的影响。结果表明:3种药剂提供的不同浓度的N、P、K元素对病菌既有抑制作用，又有促进作用。①5 g/L的N元素处理抑制效果最好，抑制率为29.49%。②1 g/L的P元素处理对病菌有轻微抑制作用，抑制率为2.56%。③37 g/L的K元素处理对病菌有一定抑制作用，抑制率为5.13%。④5 g/L的K元素处理对病菌的促进作用最高。⑤5 g/L的N+1 g/L的P和5 g/L的N+37 g/L的K组合对病菌抑制效果较好。整体数据来看，3种元素不同浓度处理对炭疽叶枯病菌的影响效果差异大，N整体抑制效果明显大于P、K的抑制效果，N+P和N+K的组合抑制效果较好。      

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。