猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗（ZJ/C 株）免疫效果研究

为研究猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗（ZJ/C株）在规模猪场的临床使用效果，选取300头14日龄仔猪，平均分为2组，免疫组于14日龄每头肌肉注射圆环病毒2型灭活苗2 mL，对照组每头注射生理盐水2 mL，于免疫前后不同时间点采集7次血样检测各阶段圆环病毒2型抗体，并记录2组在保育及肥育阶段的生长指标。结果显示，免疫后第7天，免疫组抗体阳性率明显升高，免疫后第14天免疫组抗体阳性率已达97%。与对照组相比，免疫组猪在保育阶段日增重提高16 g、料重比降低0.08、成活率提高5.4个百分点；在肥育阶段，日增重提高32 g、料重比降低0.07、呼吸道病发病率下降16.5个百分点、成活率提高3.7个百分点。结果表明，试验猪免疫猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗（ZJ/C株）可预防圆环病毒对猪体的危害，提高猪群整体健康度及成活率、饲料转化率和平均日增重。     

规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型混合感染的控制

2022年2月1日，陕西省某规模化母猪场产房仔猪断尾去势液检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核酸阳性，该批仔猪于2022年2月23日断奶至下游育肥猪场，猪群断奶后3 d出现咳嗽、少食、发热等临床症状，根据临床症状、剖检大体病理变化、兽医实验室检测结果诊断为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和圆环病毒2型混合感染。为迅速控制猪群病情，对该猪场免疫程序及保健方案进行调整，并对猪群进行为期18周的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和圆环病毒2型病毒血症期和抗体水平的持续跟踪发现，紧急防控方案实施后2周大群趋于稳定，猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗二免后10周猪群的病毒血症消失，圆环病毒2型疫苗二免后猪群的病毒血症虽未消失，但阳性率有所下降，猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的抗体水平在猪群二免后8周趋于稳定，猪群受圆环病毒2型疫苗毒株及野毒的双重刺激，抗体衰减规律较为复杂，从持续的跟踪检测分析发现圆环病毒2型疫苗二免后6周抗体水平有所下降，8周后抗体水平上升并持续至该批猪出栏。     

免疫PCV2疫苗对生长猪增重与健康的影响

在猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)阳性猪场仔猪免疫PCV2灭活疫苗,无论是小群试验还是大群试验,免疫均能提高猪的成活率,降低猪因PCV2感染引起相关疾病的发病程度,提高猪群平均增重速度。40日龄和56日龄免疫组的PCV2抗体极显著低于对照组(P0.01),而85日龄时,一次免疫组的抗体快速升高超过对照组,2次免疫仍较低,差异极显著(P0.01)。     

母源抗体对不同猪圆环病毒2型疫苗的免疫效果影响

为了田间评估母源抗体对猪圆环病毒2型疫苗的影响,将14日龄仔猪分成8组分别进行试验,接种四种不同类型的市售猪圆环病毒2型疫苗,应用ELISA检测血清抗体等方法评价免疫效果。结果为:14日龄仔猪猪圆环疫苗抗体的S/P值为1.98～2.08,经F检验各组间无显著性差异;38和68日龄为1.67～1.8和0.99～1.24;134日龄为1.4～2.0,经检验各疫苗免疫组间无显著差异。试验表明仔猪在较高圆环母源抗体下免疫不同类型猪圆环病毒2型疫苗后至120日龄内均能保持较高的抗体水平。但不同疫苗的成活率和增重效果则有所差异。     

贵州省7个市(州)猪圆环病毒2型的流行病学调查

为了解贵州省非免疫猪群圆环病毒2型感染情况,采用ELISA方法对贵州省7个市(州)714份血样进行检测;采用PCR方法对20头疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合症病死猪进行圆环病毒2型核酸检测。结果:猪圆环病毒2型感染抗体阳性率为45.94%;20头病死猪样本中检出圆环病毒2型核酸阳性18份,检出率为90.00%。     

猪圆环病毒2型自然感染条件下的猪口蹄疫免疫效果调查

本研究对猪圆环病毒2型自然感染风险条件下的10窝98头仔猪随机分成口蹄疫常规和倍量2个免疫剂量组,另选5头成年母猪作为圆环感染阴性对照,仔猪于35日龄和65日龄进行猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗免疫,并于首免前的28日龄、首免后21 d和二免后的29 d采血,5头成年母猪同期进行采血,分别进行PCV-2核酸、抗体和猪口蹄疫O型ELISA抗体检测。结果显示,成年母猪PCV-2核酸均为阴性,口蹄疫免疫抗体水平均达到≥1:128;2组仔猪首免后21 d和二免后29 d检测存在不同比率的PCV-2核酸阳性和抗体阳性,猪口蹄疫抗体合格率分别为69%、97.5%和13.8%、25%,提示断奶仔猪可能因感染PCV-2而影响了猪口蹄疫免疫效果。     

新疆部分地区猪圆环病毒2型抗体检测与分析

为了解2.019年新疆部分地区猪圆环病毒2型抗体水平,本试验采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(I-ELISA)法对采自5家规模化猪场不同日龄猪的338份血清样品进行猪圆环病毒2型抗体检测与分析。结果显示,猪圆环病毒2型抗体平均阳性率为70.71%(239/338),刚好达到国家规定标准(70%),平均S/P值为1.69,各猪场间猪圆环病毒2型抗体水平差异显著。各日龄段猪群抗体平均阳性率在26%～92%之间,存在一定差异。保育猪平均阳性率最低(26.56%),且低于国家规定标准(70%),只有经产母猪、后备猪和育肥猪的猪群抗体阳性率在70%以上。表明在新疆地区5个规模化化猪场中,有3个猪场的猪圆环病毒2型抗体阳性率未能达到国家标准(70%),需要制定更加合理的免疫程序;哺乳仔猪、保育猪和种公猪平均阳性率低于国家标准,需加强免疫防控。该结果在一定程度上可为新疆部分地区猪圆环病毒2型防疫工作提供一定的参考。     

圆环病毒免疫对猪瘟及口蹄疫免疫应答及仔猪生长性能的影响

为揭示猪圆环病毒免疫对猪瘟和口蹄疫免疫应答,以及仔猪生长性能的影响,特进行了本试验。试验选择了4窝14日龄健康仔猪共计44头,每窝按公母比例及初始体重相近的要求随机分为试验组和对照组,分别注射1 mL猪圆环病毒2型疫苗和1 mL生理盐水,并于30和60日龄各组全部分别注射猪瘟苗2头份(2 mL)和口蹄疫苗2 mL。试验结果表明,猪圆环病毒免疫可提高仔猪的猪瘟和口蹄疫免疫抗体,以及仔猪的生长性能,因而在养猪生产上推广应用猪圆环病毒疫苗具有广泛的前景和重要的意义。     

猪圆环病毒疫苗对保育猪生产性能及经济效益的影响试验

选取14日龄左右的杜长大哺乳仔猪166头,随机分为试验组和对照组(P0.05)。试验组于14日龄肌肉注射猪圆环病毒2型杆状病毒灭活疫苗1次,1头份(1 m L)/头,对照组不注射,其他疫苗免疫、药物保健及管理方式相同,营养水平一致。仔猪平均达21日龄时同时断奶转入保育舍,试验组(70头)和对照组(70头)分栏饲养至70日龄结束。结果表明:试验组与对照组相比,日增重提高20.90%(P0.01),料重比下降25.19%(P0.01),死淘率下降49.94%(P0.01),变异系数下降45.07%(P0.01),头均增重毛利提高22.18%。研究证实猪圆环病毒病阳性猪场保育猪使用猪圆环病毒疫苗具有提高增重和整齐度、降低饲料消耗和死淘率以及提高经济效益的显著效果。     

猪白细胞介素-2,4作为猪圆环病毒灭活疫苗免疫增强剂对仔猪免疫效果的研究

为评价猪白细胞介素-2,4(PoIL-2,4)与猪圆环病毒灭活疫苗(PCV2灭活疫苗)联合免疫对仔猪免疫增强作用,本研究将60头三元杂交仔猪随机平均分成3组,试验组于14日龄和28日龄注射PCV2灭活疫苗0.5头份+"PoIL-2,4"0.1 mL,对照组接种PCV2灭活疫苗0.5头份,空白组注射等体积生理盐水。结果显示:试验组仔猪各免疫器官指数均比对照组有所提高,不同日龄淋巴细胞转化率均显著高于对照组,外周血白细胞数量和淋巴细胞数量显著增加,PCV2 ELISA抗体及中和抗体均极显著高于对照组,攻毒后其临床症状和病理变化未受到影响,抗体水平经历短暂下降后显著升高,血清和组织中均未检出PCV2。表明PCV2灭活疫苗与PoIL-2,4联合免疫可以提高仔猪对PCV2的细胞和体液免疫水平,有效阻止病毒在机体内的复制,改善仔猪的生长性能。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.