酶联免疫技术用于检测动物体内莱克多巴胺残留的研究进展

本文介绍了莱克多巴胺的基本性质及相关检测研究进展,并就近年来莱克多巴胺酶联免疫检测研究进展进行了充分论述。分析了莱克多巴胺分子结构中抗原改造位点、抗原决定簇及莱克多巴胺抗体制备的最新成果;讨论了莱克多巴胺残留检测时各种样本处理方法的差异及适用范围;对莱克多巴胺酶联免疫检测方法的建立进行了简单介绍。     

商务部禁止进出口“瘦肉精”替代品莱克多巴胺

<正>商务部、海关总署日前发布了2009年第110号公告,根据《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》及《中华人民共和国货物进出口管理条例》等法律法规,决定自2009年12月9日起,禁止进出口莱克多巴胺和盐酸莱克多巴胺。据了解,莱克多巴胺与盐酸莱克多巴胺均属兴奋剂,用作饲料添加剂可提高猪瘦肉率,是盐酸克伦特     

莱克多巴胺在畜禽生产中的应用及残留

 作者介绍了β-肾上腺素能兴奋剂及主要产品莱克多巴胺，并对莱克多巴胺在畜禽生产中的应用及残留进行了论述。     

甘肃地区猪肉中莱克多巴胺残留量的检测分析

莱克多巴胺属于β-兴奋剂,在动物性产品中残留量过高会危害人类健康。本试验采用酶联免疫法来检测甘肃部分地区猪肉中莱克多巴胺的残留量,根据酶联免疫试剂盒检测出猪肉中莱克多巴胺的检出限为24 μg/kg,以莱克多巴胺的6种标准品测得莱克多巴胺的标准曲线,以此检测甘肃部分地区猪肉中莱克多巴胺的残留量是否超出检出限,并分析不同地方莱克多巴胺残留量存在差异性的原因。     

检测莱克多巴胺胶体金免疫层析试验的建立

采用混合酸酐法制备莱克多巴胺-OVA偶联抗原,胶体金标记莱克多巴胺单克隆抗体,建立了检测莱克多巴胺的胶体金免疫层析试验。该试验具有较好的敏感性和特异性,最低可检测10ng/mL的莱克多巴胺,而与克伦特罗和沙丁醇胺无交叉反应。胶体金免疫层析试验对尿液和饲料样品中莱克多巴胺的最低检测量分别为10ng/mL和0.01mg/kg。     

4种市售莱克多巴胺检测试剂盒的质量评价

<正>莱克多巴胺的残留检测目前常用的检测方法有高效液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用、液相色谱-质谱联用及酶联免疫检测法等,试验旨在通过对不同莱克多巴胺ELISA试剂盒质量评价与检测研究,为莱克多巴胺监测试剂盒的使用提供科学的参考数据。     

畜产品中莱克多巴胺残留的快速检测

莱克多巴胺属于β类肾上腺激素,因具有"减脂增肉"的作用而被广泛用于畜牧生产中,但在动物机体中有较大的残留时会严重威胁人类健康。检测莱克多巴胺有多种方法,而ELISA应用抗原抗体反应,能够对猪尿、猪肝中的莱克多巴胺残留快速进行检测筛选,从而有效控制瘦肉精在动物及人体的残留。     

动物尿液中莱克多巴胺的检测方法分析

利用农业部第958号公告-4-2007及农业部第1031号公告-3-2008对莱克多巴胺阳性猪尿液进行检测,对比两种法中酸解及酶解方式对莱克多巴胺代谢物检测能力的差别,并初步分析了造成差别的原因。     

酶联免疫法检测饲料中莱克多巴胺

莱克多巴胺(Ractopamin)属于β-兴奋剂.β-兴奋剂是营养重分配剂的一种,是一类结构和功能类似肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的苯乙醇胺类衍生物,它可加快畜禽的生长速度,降低酮体脂肪含量,提高瘦肉率.β2-兴奋剂常见的有克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺及沙丁胺醇等,克伦特罗俗称"瘦肉精".随着我国对克伦特罗监管力度的加大,克伦特罗的使用逐渐减少,其他β 2-兴奋剂的使用逐渐增加.莱克多巴胺是美国最新研制出的一种β 2-兴奋剂,由于莱克多巴胺有类似于盐酸克伦特罗的作用,在动物组织中残留,可能对人体产生不利影响,所以我国农业部、卫生部和国家药品监督管理局明文禁止莱克多巴胺用于动物养殖.目前,我国还未统一监测莱克多巴胺的方法,因此,建立莱克多巴胺的快速准确的测定方法以适合市场监测十分必要.目前,国内测定β 2-兴奋剂测定的方法主要有酶联免疫法、高压液相色谱(HPLC)法及气质联用(GC-MS)法等,而酶联免疫分析技术具有检测快速(检测过程只需2 h)的特点.经试验研究,应用酶联免疫法检测莱克多巴胺,回收率可达到75%～95%,相关系数(r值)可超过0.99,而最低检测限能达到0.5ng/mL.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测饲料中的莱克多巴胺

由于莱克多巴胺通过饲料饲喂动物会残留在动物的肌肉与内脏组织中．对饲料中莱克多巴胺进行监测也就显得尤为重要。本文以高效液相色谱一串联质谱法检测饲料中的莱克多巴胺．饲料样品中的莱克多巴胺经酸性三水合乙酸钠溶液提取．离心后经MCX固相萃取柱净化．最后用高效液相色谱一串联质谱仪检测器进行测定;同等条件下绘制工作曲线．莱克多巴胺含量与吸光度值在一定浓度范围内成正比,试样与工作曲线比较定量。经实验．应用高效液相色谱一串联质谱法检测饲料中莱克多巴胺．标准曲线r值≥0．99965;检测回收率均≥80％,批内RSD≤8％。批间RSD≤10％。     

Localization of the motoneurons innervating the hindlimb muscles in the spinal cord of the domestic fowl

The origins of the motor nerve fibers supplying the individual hindlimb muscles were elucidated in the fowl by the retrograde degeneration method. Chromatolytic cells were seen in the ipsilateral lamina 9 of the lumbosacral enlargement. Motoneurons innervating the individual hindlimb muscles were localized in the characteristic position of lamina 9. Both hip and thigh muscles are supplied by motoneurons of almost all the columns in lumbar segments and by those of dorsolateral columns in sacral segments, while the shank and foot muscles are supplied by motoneurons of ventromedial columns in sacral segments. The origins of the dorsal cord of the lumbosacral plexus are situated laterally in the lamina 9 and those of the ventral cord are located medially in it.     

秋季中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）工蜂有分泌活性的舌腺和无分泌活性的舌腺的超微结构比较

对秋季中华蜜蜂工蜂有分泌活性舌腺（９日龄）和无分泌活性的舌腺（采集蜂）的超微结构进行了观察和比较，发现二者的舌腺细胞的超微结构存在着差异。９日龄工蜂舌腺处在分泌活性状态。细胞核发达，多突起；粗面内质网发达，成平行状排列；胞内管、胞外管中都充满电子致密度均匀的物质，即王浆物质；有大量的分泌块；线粒体内嵴排列紧密，呈板层状。而采集蜂舌腺处在无分泌活性状态。核周边异染色质增多；粗面内质网不太发达，多呈泡状；胞内管中物质为一些不均匀的电子致密度大的粗颗粒物质；胞外管中只有少量水样物质；线粒体内嵴间隙相对变大，多发现内嵴间隙呈管泡状。     

Measurement of the elastic properties of the cancellous bone in the femoral head of the dog

The degenerative wear and pathologic damage of the joints are reasons for total endoprotheses in man as well as in dogs. The main problem is the aseptic loosening of the protheses. By usig the finite-element-method, the total endoprothesis is designed with new features, with the purpose of preventing loosening and being better adapted to load transmission. In order to simulate the femur of the dog for the numerical analysis, a material law is developed. By taking into account the anisotropy and the local density of the cancellous bone in the femoral head, the young's modules are experimentally determined. The measurements are performed by ultrasonic methods on femoral heads of euthanised dogs. The results show planar isotropic cancellous bone.     

中药的五味与无机元素含量的关系

测定了具专一药味的２０１种兽用中药的１１种无机元素含量，并分析了其咸、苦、甘、辛、酸等药味与元素含量的关系。结果表明，各药味所测诸元素总平均含量的顺序是咸＞辛＞甘＞苦＞酸。咸味药的Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｎａ含量高，但含Ｌｉ低；辛味药Ｚｎ、Ｃａ含量低；甘味药各元素含量与其余各味比无显著差异；苦味药Ｃａ、Ｌｉ含量高；酸味药Ｆｅ含量低。据此认为，中药的无机元素含量可能是决定其五味属性的物质基础     

貉,蓝狐,银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞形态分布的研究

本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。     

Kinematics of the Reciprocal Apparatus in the Horse

In vivo and in vitro studies concerning the anatomy and the function of the reciprocal apparatus in the horse are described. It appears that the movements of the stifle and hock joints are not fully congruous in spite of their being coupled by this reciprocal apparatus. Anatomical peculiarities are discussed which prevent the hindlimb from being blocked     

Submicroscopic changes in the secretory cells of the epithelium of the bovine oviduct during the estrous cycle

The secretory cells of the ampullar part of bovine oviduct are characterized by the secretory granules in cytoplasm. Their apical surface is covered with a small amount of micro-villi. Among the organellae, the Golgi apparatus is well-marked: during the sexual cycle it produces several centres. Its volume and surface reach their maxima before ovulation. The mitochondria are large and have a smaller amount of cristae. Their number culminates in pro-oestrus and their volume and surface area in metoestrus. The tubuli of granulated endoplasmic reticulum dilate during pro-oestrus and oestrus and some of them later disintegrate. They reach the largest volume and surface in pro-oestrus when the highest number of polyribosomes also occurs. Secretory granules are produced throughout the cycle as low-density spherical corpuscles covered with a simple membrane: in the course of maturation they change into high-density corpuscles and some of them break down. Their number and volume culminate in metoestrus when they are secreted on a mass scale. The population of secretory cells is heterogeneous. Besides dense and light cells, thin granules. Some cells lose contact with the basal membrane and their extrusion occurs mainly during metoestrus.     

Changes in the morphology of nuclei in the oviduct epithelium of the cow during the estrous cycle

The changes in the structure of nuclei and nucleoli are good markers of the changes in the activity of epithelium cells of oviducts in cows during the sexual cycle. They are manifested by the changes in the proportion of condensed chromatin and interchromatin. In the secretory as well as ciliary cells, the maximum proportion of interchromatin is recorded in pro-oestrus and oestrus, whereas in metoestrus it is the proportion of condensed chromatin that increases. Metoestrus is characterized by the segregation of nucleoli and by the formation of ring-like nucleoli which partially persist also in dioestrus and in some cells throughout the cycle. Invaginations of the nuclear membrane (which are levelled off later) occur on many nuclei at the end of metoestrus and in dioestrus. Single nuclear bodies occur in the nuclei and the frequency of the the occurrence of interchromatin granules changes. Dilation of perinuclear spaces can be observed in the secretory cells, mainly in the period of oestrus.     

Diseases of the vitreous in the dog and cat

Diseases of the vitreous body in the dog and cat are reviewed. The anatomy, embryology and methods of examination of the vitreous are described. Congenital and acquired conditions are discussed, in particular relating to opacities within the vitreous, and a brief note on vitreous surgery is included.     

Lameness of the hindlimbs of the cat

About six to seven per cent of cats presented at the clinic show neurological signs. The largest group consists of traumatized cats. A complete neurological examination is essential for localizing the lesion and establishing a prognosis. Differential diagnosis for paraparesis/paraplegia of pelvic limbs in cats are discussed. Cats are demonstrated which had spinal cord trauma, disc protrusion, aortic thromboembolism and lumbosacral stenosis and the importance of the evaluation of x-rays, cerebrospinal fluid examination and myelography is stressed.