CRISPR-Cas9技术敲除甜瓜eIF4E基因表达载体的构建

【目的】构建甜瓜eIF4E基因的CRISPR-Cas9植物基因编辑系统的gRNA 表达载体。为研究eIF4E基因功能奠定基础。【方法】以新疆主栽甜瓜皇后为材料,在eIF4E基因的第一个外显子区设计gRNA引物,以载体pP1C.4为模板,扩增获得sgRNA克隆框,使用EcoR I、Xba I双酶切pP1C.4载体,利用DNA重组酶构建重组载体pP1C.4-eIF4E。【结果】经菌落PCR检测和测序,gRNA 已经成功连接到植物基因敲除载体pP1C.4。【结论】构建了植物基因敲除载体pP1C.4-eIF4E,pP1C.4-eIF4E能对eIF4E基因进行定向编辑。     

扁桃AcDHN1基因的克隆及原核表达分析

【目的】 克隆与分析扁桃脱水素基因,为研究脱水素基因在扁桃抗逆机制中发挥的功能提供参考。【方法】 以新疆栽培的扁桃品种‘纸皮’叶片为材料,通过PCR技术克隆扁桃AcDHN1基因并对该基因进行原核表达分析,构建原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌进行表达。【结果】 克隆得到了一个脱水素基因,命名为AcDHN1,GenBank登陆号为KT949395,该基因全长924 bp、编码308个氨基酸的多肽,为稳定的亲水性蛋白,属于Y₂K_n型脱水素,推测蛋白分子质量为32.4 kD,亚细胞定位于细胞核中。将该基因与原核表达载体连接构建重组质粒pET-AcDHN1,然后将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,该蛋白分子量的大小约为52.7 kD,与预期长度一致。【结论】 对重组蛋白的诱导条件进行优化后结果显示,该基因在IPTG浓度0.1 mmol/L、诱导3 h表达量最佳。     

引进大豆种质资源的适应性和遗传多样性分析

【目的】研究甘肃省引进大豆种质资源的遗传多样性,为大豆育种提供优异亲本。【方法】利用SPSS 17.0软件和R语言软件进行描述性统计、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,对国内外引进的417份大豆种质资源进行适应性和遗传多样性分析。【结果】417份大豆种质资源中有363份在甘肃中部地区能够正常成熟,折合产量最高为3 901.65 kg/hm²,百粒重最高为 42.71 g。16个表型性状遗传多样性指数介于0.084 2~1.916 0,变异系数在18.17%~35.70%,除子叶色外,其余性状间均存在一定程度的相关性。将363份种质划分为8个类别,甘肃省大豆种质与我国华北和黄淮地区大豆种质相似系数比较接近。【结论】引进大豆种质资源遗传多样性丰富,筛选出26份特异种质资源。     

绵羊Myostatin前肽对成肌细胞的分化作用

【目的】 研究绵羊Myostatin前肽对C2C12细胞分化的影响。【方法】 构建并包装Myostatin前肽基因过表达慢病毒质粒,包装慢病毒,分别用LV-CMV-MSTN-flag-GFP和LV-CMV -GFP慢病毒感染C2C12细胞,检测重组慢病毒对C2C12细胞的感染能力。【结果】 LV-CMV -GFP感染组可见明显的长条状肌管,LV-CMV-MSTN-flag-GFP组只见少量肌管的形成,肌管融合率的测定。未处理组,对照组,试验组肌管融合率分别为5.53%、6.62%、9.38%,试验组即转染Myostatin前肽的肌管融合率显著高于对照组和未处理组(P＜0.05)。【结论】 Myostatin前肽基因的过表达抑制了Myostatin基因的表达,影响肌管的形成,抑制了分化的进程。     

117份小麦种质中5个矮秆基因的分子检测

【目的】研究我国小麦主产区部分小麦品种中矮秆基因的分布,为发掘具产量潜力且利用较少的矮秆基因提供种子依据。【方法】利用5个矮秆基因分子标记,对我国小麦主产区117份小麦种质进行检测。【结果】117份种质材料中,矮秆基因分布频率依次为Rht8(68份,58.1%)>Rht-B1b(56份,47.9%)>Rht-D1b(46份,39.3%)> Rht9(18份,15.4%)> Rht13(14份,12.0%)。部分种质中同时携带2个矮秆基因的组合占到37.8%;同时携带3个及以上基因的组合占到21.4%,其中以同时携带Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8基因种质最多,占到12.8%。5种矮秆基因均不携带的种质有15份,占到12.8%。【结论】鉴定出14份携带Rht13矮秆基因的新种质。     

小麦叶绿素酸酯a氧化酶(TaCAO)基因的克隆与表达分析

【目的】研究弱光环境下叶绿素酸酯a氧化酶(TaCAO)的表达水平变化,分析叶绿素合成途径对于弱光环境的响应。【方法】利用同源克隆,由小麦品种新冬20号克隆TaCAO并分析其序列。使用半定量PCR方法分析900、1 800、3 600和7 200 lx光照强度下TaCAO表达量。【结果】该基因ORF长度为1 653 bp,编码蛋白大小为62.12 kD,包含550个氨基酸残基,含有叶绿素转运肽和Rieske_RO_Alpha_CAO结构域,还存在一个Rieske铁硫配位中心和铁结合位点,随着光照强度的减弱,TaCAO表达量呈现上升的趋势。【结论】克隆获得的TaCAO长度为1 653 bp,具有完整的CAO活性,TaCAO的相对表达量与光照强度呈反比关系。     

薰衣草DXS基因的克隆、表达分析及原核表达

【目的】 研究拟克隆薰衣草DXS基因,并分析其表达,为揭示该基因在调控薰衣草萜类物质合成中的分子机理提供研究基础。【方法】 以薰衣草杂花为试材,同源克隆薰衣草DXS基因,进行基因序列分析、表达量比较和原核表达。【结果】 (1)薰衣草DXS基因开放阅读框长为2 181 bp,编码由726个氨基酸组成的蛋白质序列;薰衣草DXS蛋白等电点为6.57,分子量约为78.39 KDa,具有高度的保守性,与狭叶薰衣草、冬凌草、毛喉鞘蕊花的DXS蛋白亲缘关系相近;(2)DXS基因在杂花花器官的衰败期表达量最高,在法国蓝花器官的盛开期表达量最高,DXS基因在杂花花器官五个不同发育时期的表达量均高于法国蓝;DXS基因在杂花花萼中表达量最高,在法国蓝雄蕊中表达量最高,DXS基因在杂花花器官5个不同组织表达量均高于法国蓝(雌蕊、雄蕊除外);(3)在37℃、IPTG 0.8 mM条件下诱导4 h后,DXS蛋白表达量最大。【结论】 DXS基因表达量与薰衣草精油产量存在正相关关系。     

石竹叶斑病病原鉴定

【目的】 研究鉴定引起新疆石河子地区石竹叶斑病的病原,为石竹叶斑病的防治提供理论基础。【方法】 采集典型石竹叶斑病发病叶片利用常规组织法分离和纯化,选取8个代表性菌株,采用菌丝块贴接法和喷雾法测定致病性;应用病菌形态学和rDNA-ITS区、组蛋白3和β-微管蛋白序列进行比对和分析,建立多基因联合系统发育树,确定病原菌的分类地位。【结果】 经形态学鉴定其分生孢子与Alternaria nobilis相似;供试菌株rDNA-ITS区和β-微管蛋白序列与已报道的石竹链格孢(A. nobilis)同源性高达99.0%以上,rDNA-ITS区和β-微管蛋白序列联合构建的系统发育树显示,8个代表菌株均与A. dianthi处于同一分支上,与其它链格孢亲缘关系较远。【结论】 引起石河子地区石竹叶斑病的病原菌为石竹链格孢Alternaria nobilis。     

基于DNA条形码基因快速鉴定帕米尔高原南麓部分地区农田叶蝉

【目的】 研究更加便捷高效的鉴定技术,提高叶蝉鉴定的速率,为帕米尔高原南麓部分地区叶蝉的鉴定及防治提供基础数据。【方法】 利用DNA条形码技术,选择mtDNA COI、Cytb、ITS2基因,运用通用引物PCR扩增并直接测序,借助生物信息学分析软件对比分析目的基因序列的相似性,构建系统进化树,分析遗传进化关系,获取叶蝉DNA条形码。【结果】 获得了19条mtDNACO1、Cytb及ITS2基因序列,COI基因6条、Cytb基因7条、ITS2基因6条,可作为叶蝉的DNA条形码,包括其中1条COI新序列,5条Cytb和6条ITS2序列。【结论】 获得19条叶蝉的DNA条形码,实现了帕米尔高原南麓部分地区农田4种叶蝉的快速准确鉴定。     

海岛棉GbPR10基因的克隆及其抗枯萎病表达分析

【目的】为棉花抗枯萎病分子育种的基因来源提供依据。【方法】根据前期转录组测序和抗病表达数据,从棉花EST数据库中筛选出抗枯萎病有关的基因(登录号为CD486053)序列,在NCBI搜索与该基因同源性为94%的海岛棉抗病相关PR10基因(登录号为AY588276)并设计引物,从枯萎病接菌的抗病海岛棉材料“06-146”克隆一个海岛棉同源基因,命名为GbPR10基因。进行生物信息学和在枯萎病菌、乙烯、水杨酸处理下基因表达量分析。【结果】GbPR10基因有480 bp的ORF序列,编码159个氨基酸。该蛋白序列中具有PR10蛋白特有的Bet-v1结构域和改变的甘氨酸环P-Loop(GXGGXG)。蛋白质序列同源比对表明该蛋白与其他生物PR10蛋白有较高的一致性。亚细胞定位预测表明GbPR10分布于细胞质。qRT-PCR表达分析表明,GbPR10基因在不同抗病海岛棉品种的不同组织上表达量不均匀而较高于感病海岛棉品种;在乙烯和水杨酸处理的1对抗/感海岛棉根系中,抗病品种出现先上调后下调趋势,感病材料后期诱导表达,抗病品种的表达量几乎高于感病品种。【结论】GbPR10基因在海岛棉抗枯萎病信号途径中起重要作用。     

Functional Characterization of a UDP: Flavonoid Glycosyltransferase Gene UGT73C19 in Glycine max

【Background】 Flavonoids are a group of important plant secondary metabolites accumulate in soybean, which are involved in many physiological activities, including soybean growth, development and stress resistance. Glycosylation catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferase is a key step in flavonoid biosynthesis. 【Objective】 The objective of the present study is to investigate the in vitro enzymatic activity and in vivo function of a soybean glycosyltransferase protein encoded by the UGT73C19 gene, the achievement of which will deep our understanding on the mechanism of the flavonoid biosynthesis in soybean. This study will provide gene resource and theoretical basis for the genetic modification in soybean. 【Method】 Flavonoids in the leaves of soybean core germplasm resources were detected by HPLC, and the expression level of UGT genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The coding region of the UGT73C19 gene was cloned from cDNA of soybean leaf (Williams 82). The amino acid sequences of UGT73C19 were searched in the NCBI database, and the software MEGA5 and DNAMAN were used for multiple sequence alignment and the construction of a phylogenetic tree. The recombinant UGT73C19 protein was expressed in E. coli and its enzymatic activity was determined towards various flavonoid aglycones. All the enzymatic products were identified by HPLC-MS. The expression profile of the UGT73C19 gene in soybean was analyzed by qRT-PCR. UGT73C19 was over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana by floral dipping method. Flavonoid content and composition were determined in seedlings and seeds in homozygous lines that showed the relatively high UGT73C19 expression level. 【Result】 Flavonoids in the leaves of soybean core germplasm showed significant differences in flavonoid composition and content in different varieties. Soybean core germplasm can be divided into 12 different types according to flavonoid composition. There was a positive correlation between the content of flavonoids and the expression level of UGT73C19 gene in the leaves of soybean core germplasm resources. The coding sequence of UGT73C19 gene was cloned,and the coding region was found to be 1482 bp, encoding a protein of 493 amino acids. The deduced UGT73C19 protein was found to have a conserved PSPG domain at the C-terminal. In vitro enzymatic activity analysis revealed that the recombinant UGT73C19 protein exhibited glycosyltransferase activity toward six flavonoid aglycones (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, apigenin, daidzein and genistein), and it showed the highest catalytic efficiency toward quercetin. The glycosylation sites were at the 5 and 7 hydroxy groups of flavonoid substrates, and the glycosylation substrates and sites of the recombinant UGT73C19 protein showed high diversity. It was found that the total flavonoid contents in the seedlings and seeds of the transgenic A. thaliana increased significantly, by 49% to 70% in leaves and 34% to 37% in seeds, in particular quercetin 3-O rhamnose in the seeds. 【Conclusion】 The recombinant UGT73C19 protein can catalyze the glycosylation of a group of flavonoid compounds and over-expression of UGT73C19 gene can increase the content of flavonols in plants like A. thaliana.     

越橘VcNAC072克隆及其促进花青素积累的功能分析

目的 分离越橘VcNAC072（NAM,ATAF1/2,CUC2）转录因子,分析其表达模式并探讨其在调控花青素合成过程中的功能,为进一步研究越橘花青素积累的调控机理提供理论基础。方法 以‘公爵’越橘（Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Duke’）为试材,克隆VcNAC072。通过农杆菌介导法获得转基因拟南芥,比较转基因和野生型拟南芥花青素积累的差异。利用酵母单杂交和瞬时表达试验,分析VcNAC072对MYB转录因子AtPAP1的转录调控。结果 克隆获得越橘VcNAC072,该基因CDS为1 032 bp,编码含有343个氨基酸的蛋白质,含有1个保守的NAC结构域。表达分析显示,该基因在不同发育阶段的果实中均可表达,但表达差异明显,在粉色和蓝色果实中表达量较高,在绿色果实中表达量最低。随着VcNAC072表达的升高,果实中花青素含量呈递增的趋势。分析AtPAP1启动子序列,发现其序列中包含NAC转录因子的结合位点。酵母单杂交和烟草瞬时表达试验结果表明,VcNAC072可与AtPAP1的启动子相互作用,并激活其表达。在野生型拟南芥中异位表达VcNAC072,其种子中花青素积累量显著高于野生型。结论 推测VcNAC072在越橘果实中正向调节花青素的积累。     

200份陆地棉种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析

【目的】 研究本地棉花种质基因库,筛选出适于作杂交亲本的种质资源。【方法】 以200份棉花种质资源为材料,研究其形态指标的变异情况和遗传多样性,并以形态指标对 200 份种质进行聚类分析。【结果】 21个形态指标遗传多样性指数(H′)变幅范围在0~1.02。所有材料可划分成6大类,其中第1大类30份材料,茎色紫红色,种子短绒颜色灰褐色材料为主,可以作为彩色棉花育种资源;以170177为主的20份材料种子短绒着生稀毛,种子短绒颜色绿褐色可以作为早熟、无酚、耐高温的育种材料;第6大类50份,所占比例较大。【结论】 200份种质资源的遗传多样性丰富,第6大类50份,可以作为目前新疆育种材料亲本,主要特征为株型塔型,无茎毛,叶色深绿色,叶片大小中,无叶基斑,有限果枝类型,黄色花冠,黄色花药,种子短绒着生情况多毛,种子短绒颜色灰绿色,有种仁色素腺体,吐絮颜色白色。     

新疆野生梯牧草种质资源分布与保护利用

【目的】 研究野生梯牧草在新疆的地理分布与种的分布区形成和结构、群落特征以及开发利用与保护,为新品种选育、种质创新、种质保护提供基础材料和科学依据。【方法】 以新疆野生梯牧草(Phleum. pratense L.)为研究对象,调查种质资源的分布、群落学特征。【结果】 (1)新疆是我国野生梯牧草分布的重要区域,集中分布于天山山地的中段和西段海拔1 900～2 200 m山地草甸植被中;(2)梯牧草在天然草地中数量极少,在群落中常以伴生种和偶见种出现,少有以优势种出现的种群分布;(3)在天然草地中,梯牧草种群个体空间分布多数地段呈聚集分布,随机分布形式较少。【结论】 新疆野生梯牧草具优异的种质资源特性,有重要的开发利用价值。     

新疆油桃果实品质特征分析

【目的】分析与评价新疆阿克苏地区新疆油桃优良种质资源果实品质特征,为新疆油桃优良品种选育提供技术支撑。【方法】以环塔里木盆地北缘新疆阿克苏市周边的7个新疆油桃优良种质资源的果实为研究对象(2个新疆桃为对照),测定桃果实的感官性状、风味品质、功能性营养品质等指标。【结果】阿克苏地区新疆油桃的单果重在29.90~74.62 g,最小单果重(29.90 g)低于国内150个油桃品种的最小值(40.00 g),平均为50.08 g;可溶性固形物含量均在12%以上、可溶性糖含量在9%以上;新疆油桃果实带皮硬度均小于3 kg/cm²。【结论】新疆油桃果实品质优、口感好,果形属于很小和小2个等级,可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量属于高或很高的等级,不耐储运是限制新疆油桃发展的关键因素。     

木地肤种子包衣材料的筛选

【目的】以木地肤(Kochia prostrata)种子为研究对象,筛选适于木地肤种子包衣处理的粘结、吸水及填充材料的种类及添加水平,提高木地肤种子的萌发率和种用价值。【方法】 采用包衣处理,筛选出粘结材料、高分子吸水材料以及填充材料对木地肤种子萌发表现较好的处理,采用三因素四水平的正交试验法进行木地肤包衣种子试验配合比筛选,得出最优的包衣配比。【结果】 木地肤的种子包衣,粘结材料优选顺序为0.2%阿拉伯胶,0.1%聚乙烯醇,0.1%羧甲基纤维素钠,0.1%壳聚糖;吸水材料优选顺序为种药比17%、14%、11%;填充材料优选顺序为硅藻土、蛭石、高岭土+蛭石。【结论】 对木地肤包衣种子发芽率的影响因素从大到小排列为,吸水材料＞填充材料＞粘结材料,最优组合为0.1%羧甲基纤维素钠×17%吸水剂×硅藻土。     

QTL Mapping of Hard Seededness in Wild Soybean Using BSA Method

【Objective】 Hard seededness of wild soybean is an important effector that limits the utilization of wild resources in soybean genetic improvement. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was employed to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related with hard seededness in soybean, which laid a foundation for effective utilization of wild soybean germplasm in cultivated soybean improvement. 【Method】 F₂ and F₇ segregation populations were constructed from a cross between cultivated soybean Zhonghuang39 and wild soybean NY27-38. Uniformly sized seeds were selected from each line, and 30 seeds were soaked in a petri dish with 30 mL distilled water for 4 hours at 25℃. The assay was replicated 3 times. The number of permeable and impermeable seeds were counted. In F₂ population, the first DNA pool was constructed from 22 individuals with permeable seeds (imbibition rate ＞90%), and second DNA pool was constructed from 16 individuals with impermeable seeds (imbibition rate ＜10%). In F₇ population, 20 lines with permeable seeds (100% imbibition) and 20 lines with impermeable seeds (no imbibition) were used to construct two DNA pools, respectively. To detect genomic regions associated with hard seededness, these DNA bulks were genotyped with 259 polymorphic SSR markers to identify markers linked to QTL. A linkage map was constructed with 192 SSR markers, QTLs related with hard seededness were identified by composite interval mapping in F₇ segregation population. 【Result】 Out of 259 SSR loci polymorphic between Zhonghuang39 and NY27-38, 10 and eight polymorphic SSR markers between the permeable and impermeable pools were detected in 16.3 Mb interval on chromosome 2 and 23.4 Mb interval on chromosome 6, respectively, in F₂ population. The QTL region (276.0 kb) located between Satt274 and Sat_198 on chromosome 2 contained previously cloned gene GmHs1-1, the QTL explained 17.2% of the total genetic variation. The other QTL was mapped on chromosome 6 flanked by BARCSOYSSR_06_0993 and BARCSOYSSR_06_1068, accounting for 17.8% of the total genetic variation. In F₇ population, eleven, nine and four SSR polymorphic markers between the permeable and impermeable pools were detected in 27.4 Mb interval on chromosome 2, 27.8 Mb interval on chromosome 6, 18.2 Mb interval on chromosome 3, respectively. A linkage map of 192 SSR markers and covering 2 390.2 cM was constructed through composite interval mapping in F₇ population. Three QTLs related with hard seededness were detected. The QTL on chromosome 2 located between Satt274 and Sat_198, explained 23.3% of the total genetic variation; the QTL on chromosome 6 flanked by Sat_402 and Satt557, explained 20.4% of the total genetic variation; the QTL on chromosome 3 flanked by Sat_266 and Sat_236 accounted for 4.9% of the total genetic variation. 【Conclusion】 In this study, three QTLs related to soybean hard seededness were identified by both BSA and traditional linkage mapping, indicating that BSA is an effective strategy for identifying QTLs in soybean.