甘蔗叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化

对甘蔗叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化关系进行的研究表明,在甘蔗叶片衰老过程中,伴随着膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的急剧上升,质膜透性迅速增大;膜脂过氧化防御酶超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗氧化物质抗坏血酸、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)等含量显著下降;组织自动氧化速率明显增大。可以认为,膜脂过氧化是甘蔗叶片衰老的重要原因之一。     

外源腐胺对干旱胁迫下小麦叶片渗透调节的影响

用15%聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫处理,研究外源腐胺对干旱胁迫下冬小麦幼苗叶片膜质过氧化和有机渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明：在干旱胁迫条件下,外源腐胺显著提高了冬小麦叶片可溶性糖（SS）、游离脯氨酸（Pro）、游离氨基酸（TFA）含量,分别为干旱胁迫处理的1.73倍,9.51倍,1.5倍;降低了冬小麦叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量和质膜透性（PMP）,与干旱胁迫处理相比下降了82%和84.5%,显著降低了叶片膜质过氧化程度。这说明外源腐胺能改善冬小麦幼苗叶片干旱胁迫下的渗透调节能力,从而增强植株的耐旱性。     

热锻炼对小麦叶片细胞膜及有关酶活性的影响

３４℃１－５天的热锻炼提高了小麦叶片的膜稳定性、超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）的活性，耐热品种提高程度大大高于热敏感品种。同时热锻炼降低了小麦叶片的可溶性蛋白含量但提高了蛋白质的稳定性。３４℃热锻炼后小麦叶片在５０℃高温伤害处理过程中，耐热品种比热敏感品种保持有较高的ＳＯＤ酶活性和较低的膜伤害（即高的膜稳定性）。可以认为，高温引起膜伤害是一个自由基伤害的过程，而ＳＯＤ酶、ＣＡＴ酶活性     

渗透胁迫下外源试剂对玉米幼苗微粒体膜Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的影响

以钙离子鳌合剂EGTA、钙通道阻断剂vp、钙调素拮抗剂TFP和ABA分别处理玉米幼苗,对渗透胁迫下根系和叶片质膜、液泡膜、线粒体膜以及总微膜Ca2 -A11)ase活性进行了测定.结果表明,正常条件下,叶片和根系微膜系统总Ca2 -ATPase活性随光照时间延长出现一个峰值.总体比较,渗透胁迫下三种膜上Ca2 -ATPase活性相当,而且均随渗透胁迫发生不同程度的变化.就微膜系统总酶活变化而言,叶片高于根系,渗透胁迫降低叶片酶活;而渗透胁迫对根系酶活性影响不大.分解列三种膜上,渗透胁迫对叶片酶活的提高均表现为正效应,根系上.对线粒体膜和液泡膜酶活提高表现为正效应,而对质膜酶活表现为显著抑制.外源试剂处理发现,ABA和EGTA在叶片上均可逆转PEG降低总酶活的效应,且在处理6 h时使得酶活性显著超过正常水平;而根系上表现不一:其中,vp对质膜上PEG提高酶活效应抑制作用较大.且显著提高线粒体膜酶活;ABA显著提高液泡膜上酶活性;TFP处理在胁迫前期基本表现为促进作用,而6 h之后大都表现为抑制效应.说明:渗透胁迫下,玉米叶片质膜、液泡膜以及线粒体膜均参与了胞质钙离子稳态的调控过程,外源试剂处理对Ca2 -ATPase具不同程度的调节作用,叶片和根系Ca2 -ATPase对外源试剂响应存在差异性.     

甘蔗对铅递进胁迫的生理响应

盆栽模拟试验研究了甘蔗长期受重金属铅胁迫的生理响应。在土壤铅（Pb）浓度为250mg／kg时,甘蔗生物量达到最大,甘蔗茎粗和茎节长较对照分别提高了9．63％和9．02％;叶片细胞质膜透性与土壤Pb浓度呈显著正相关;叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量与土壤Pb浓度呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为0．994、0．994和0．985;叶片中蛋白质含量和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力、蔗茎中可溶性糖含量均随着土壤Pb浓度的升高呈现先增高后降低的趋势,临界点的Pb浓度为250mg／kg左右。表明甘蔗具有植物修复Pb污染土壤的潜力。     

根施外源多胺抑制剂MGBG和D-ARG对小麦幼苗抗旱性的影响

在25%PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫下,使用MGBG(1 mmol/L)、D-ARG(1 mmol/L)、L-ARG(1 mmol/L)处理二叶期的小麦根系72 h,结果表明,MGBG和D-ARG降低叶片相对含水量,增强叶片的膜脂过氧化作用,促进叶片和根系的生长,而L-ARG对叶片的含水量影响不大,促进根系的生长,促进叶片膜脂过氧化作用。这些表明,外源多胺抑制剂MGBG和D-ARG抑制根系多胺的形成不利于叶片水分的维持。     

白刺对干旱胁迫的生理生化反应

研究白刺幼苗抗旱特性的生理学机制,期望为干旱农业生产提供理论依据。实验采用盆栽,用控制浇水的方法对不同强度的干旱胁迫梯度上对白刺幼苗叶片相对含水量、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量、超氧离子自由基产生速率和抗氧化酶活性的变化特点进行了研究。试验结果表明：在干旱胁迫下,白刺叶片相对含水量降低、脯氨酸含量呈增加趋势;可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量在轻度和中度干旱胁迫时上升,在重度干旱胁迫时显著下降;随着干旱胁迫的加剧,膜透性上升,丙二醛含量和超氧离子自由基产生速率增加。抗氧化系统酶活性测定结果表明,SOD、POD、CAT 3个酶能配合协同作用,降低膜脂过氧化程度,减少水分胁迫造成的伤害。     

低温对香蕉幼苗的伤害及外源H_2O_2、CaCl_2对香蕉抗寒性的影响

以香蕉品种‘巴西蕉’为材料,用H2O2、CaCl2、H2O（CK）喷洒香蕉幼苗植株,在人工气候箱中模拟低温胁迫,观察香蕉幼苗对低温的反应,研究外源H2O2、CaCl2对香蕉抗寒性的影响。结果表明,巴西蕉对低温敏感,且随着温度的降低,幼苗冷害症状加剧严重,膜透性加大,叶绿素降解加剧;和对照（CK）相比,低温胁迫下,外源H2O2、CaCl2能够提高7℃低温胁迫期间香蕉叶片脯氨酸含量和POD、CAT活性,降低MDA的积累。外源H2O2、CaCl2能有效降低香蕉幼苗叶片膜透性,减缓叶绿素的降解,减轻冷害程度,提高香蕉幼苗的抗寒性。     

外源茉莉酸对高温胁迫下的红掌幼苗的影响

研究了外源茉莉酸对高温胁迫下红掌幼苗叶片热致死时间、膜质过氧化以及抗氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明：1mmol/L的外源JA可以最大限度地提高38℃高温胁迫下的红掌叶片的热致死时间;外施JA可以提高高温胁迫下的红掌叶片的POD活性、SOD活性;降低MDA和O2－-含量;不同时间高温锻炼下可以提高红掌叶片内源JA 浓度。结合以前的试验结果推测： JA可能是通过提高抗氧化物酶活性,降低体内MDA和O2－-含量来缓解高温胁迫对红掌幼苗的生长发育的影响。     

果实成熟衰老与保护酶系统的关系

果实成熟衰老与活性氧代谢和膜脂过氧化作用有关。自由基清除剂中SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶系统可以有效地清除活性氧、自由基,保持体内活性氧的平衡,降低膜脂过氧化作用和MDA积累量。SOD、POD、CAT等酶活性的高低可以作为判定果实耐藏性大小的指标和果实成熟衰老的标志。在贮藏过程中,果实的SOD、POD、CAT活性会发生变化,且在不同种类果实中表现出不同趋势。贮藏温度、气体指标等贮藏条件和振动胁迫、冷激、热激、涂膜等处理会影响到SOD、POD、CAT活性的大小,从而影响果实的成熟衰老进程。     

Construction of Urban Barrier Free Environment Based on Dual-core Model

According to the investigations of urban barrier free facilities, there have been lots of progresses in constructions of barrier free in cities recently. But there are no systematic barrier free facilities in these cities, which would restrict the function and effect of urban barrier free facilities for the handicapped and the elder. This paper puts forward that there should be a development from the urban barrier free facilities to the urban barrier free environment. There are two parts in the barrier free environment,that is the hardy environment and soft environment. Finally,an in-series connection two-core model of barrier free environment has been designed and discussed.     

不同产地杉木种子游离氨基酸含量的初步分析

不同产地杉木种子均含有17种游离氨基酸，这与其它种子所含游离氨基酸种类基本一致。不同产地杉木种子游离氨基酸总量的变异趋势不同于杉木种子形态及发芽率的变异趋势。但其中某些氨基酸的变异趋势与种子发芽率呈负相关，表明杉木种子的发芽率可能与种子所含的某些游离氨基酸有关。不同产地杉木种子游离氨基酸总含量与干湿度指数呈负相关，说明杉木种子游离氨基酸总含量的地理变异亦可能是气候的差异所引起。     

不同干燥方法下红枣蜜饯水分状态变化研究

基于低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)技术研究热风干燥与真空微波干燥下红枣蜜饯内部水分分布及干燥过程中水分迁移规律、水分状态及含量的变化,为其干制提供理论依据.结果表明:MRI图像可以清晰反映水分分布情况,枣中含有3种状态的水,分别是结合水、不易流动水和自由水,成熟鲜枣中94％以上的水都是自由水,红枣蜜饯热风干燥最初2 h自由水含量显著降低,干燥后期自由水向组织内迁移减弱,最终不易流动水含量增加至43.9％,自由水含量散失降至55.99％;红枣蜜饯真空微波干燥过程中自由水快速向不易流动水迁移,6 min时自由水含量为0,结合水含量降低,不易流动水含量高达99.94％,因此真空微波干燥较热风干燥具有时间短、效率高的优势.     

水分胁迫下不同抗旱性冬小麦脯氨酸积累动态

以豫麦49号和河农859为材料,研究了2个冬小麦品种在不同水分处理下,叶片内脯氨酸的积累状况。试验结果表明,水分胁迫下小麦体内脯氨酸含量增加。在短期水分胁迫下,不同小麦品种之间的脯氨酸积累量差异不大。但随着水分胁迫的延续和加剧,抗旱性较强的河农859脯氨酸积累量小于豫麦49号。     

Regulation of Free Amino Acid in Cotton at the Seedling Stage by Aphis gossypii Feeding

[Objective] Free amino acids are important nitrogen nutrients, and their changes reflect the interaction between insects and host plants. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of aphid feeding on the free amino acid content of host cotton in seedling stage. [Method] The seedling cotton infected by aphid with different damage grades was selected from the field and analyzed the content of free amino acid in euphylla, cotyledon, hypocotyl and root. [Result] The content of free amino acids in cotton tissues increased after feeding by Aphis gossypii, and the content of free amino acids in cotyledon, hypocotyl and root is more than 2 times of the level 0. The content of non-essential amino acids increased more significantly than that of essential amino acids. The changes of single free amino acid content in different tissues were not completely consistent, and the Asn and Glu increased significantly in all tissues. [Conclusion] The feeding behavior of cotton aphid affects the nutritional level of cotton tissue and the content of free amino acid increased significantly.     

海带多糖的分离纯化及体外抗氧化作用的研究

采用凝胶层析法对海带粗多糖进行分离纯化,获得C1和C2两个组分多糖,并对2组多糖进行相对分子质量的测定,采用傅立叶变换近红外线光谱仪对2组分多糖进行红外光谱分析,采用羟基自由基体系,超氧阴离子自由基体系,二苯代苦味肼基自由基体系,对2组分多糖进行抗氧化性能研究。结果表明,经过凝胶层析分离出来2组海带多糖C1和C2,其相对分子质量分别为5.5×104Da和2.7×104Da;红外光谱分析2组分多糖都有明显的多糖特征峰,并且多糖C1糖链中可能含有酮、醛基团,抗氧化试验表明海带多糖C1组分对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、二苯代苦味肼基自由基均有良好的清除作用,海带多糖C2组分无抗氧化能力。     

梅花鹿肉与绵羊肉在僵直化过程中主要理化性能的比较

通过对鹿肉与羊肉在宰后僵直化过程中保水性、pH值、游离羟脯氨酸、糖原、游离氨基酸等含量的检测及比较发现,鹿肉与羊肉在僵直化过程中各项理化指标变化趋势基本一致.鹿肉失水率、pH值、游离氨基酸含量比羊肉高(P＜0.01);游离羟脯氨酸含量比羊肉低(P＜0.01);巯基含量略高于羊肉,但差异不显著.鹿肉糖原含量略低于羊肉,但差异不显著.     

Study on Adaptive Sampling and Mesh Generation of Free-form Surfaces Based on Coordinate Measuring Machine

Digitizing of free form surfaces is one of key technologies on the reconstruction of free form surfaces. It is important to know how to sample properly free form surfaces on CMM, which concerns the reconstruction accuracy of free form surfaces and measuring efficiency. The mathematical model of sampling algorithm is proposed based on the concept of the center of gravity. Using the method, the topological information of surfaces can be preserved, and sampling mesh can be self organized. By analyzing and dealing with mesh data received from sampling algorithm, one approach with brevity and higher efficiency is provided on CMM.     

磁性固定化漆酶在苹果汁除酚中的应用

以磁性聚苯乙烯微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,制备出了磁性固定化漆酶.研究表明,固定化漆酶的Km值较游离漆酶小,最适温度与游离漆酶相同,最适pH较游离漆酶下降0.4个单位,热稳定性、pH稳定性和贮存稳定性均较游离漆酶有所提高.     

Behaviour of Sugar-beet Plants (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. altissima [Doell]) under Conditions of Changing Water Supply: Abscisic Acid as Indicator

Moderate drought stress increases the root-to-shoot ratio in sugar-beet plants. The question arises whether abscisic acid occurs in these plants and whether it plays a role in their adaptation to limited water supply. Thus, after identification by GC/MS, the content of free ABA and its alkaline hydrolysable conjugates was determined by capillary GLC in sugar-beet plants of pot and field experiments with differentiated water supply. It was shown that leaves had a higher content of free ABA than tap roots. Within the leaf apparatus the young organs contained more ABA than the fully developed leaves. Moderate drought stress increased both free and alkaline hydrolysable ABA contents in leaves of intact plants, whereas the ABA content of tap roots was not demonstrably influenced. In contrast, severe and rapid osmotic stress treatment of detached leaves by dipping the petioles in mannitol solutions increased the free ABA content at the expense of the hydrolysable conjugates. This suggests an ABA release by the latter. Therefore, sugar-beet plants seem to have two mechanisms for increasing the free ABA content under drought stress conditions: the gradual synthesis of ABA including its conjugates and the release of free ABA from ABA conjugates.