毛豆品种的农艺性状鉴定及相关性分析

对引进的19份毛豆品种的10个主要农艺性状进行相关性分析。研究表明,1)农艺性状变异系数大小依次为主茎分枝数、百粒重、单株荚数、底荚高、单株粒数、株高、单株产量、主茎节数、茎粗、生育期。2)单株产量与百粒重呈极度正相关,与底荚高、主茎分枝数、茎粗、单株粒数呈正相关,与株高、主茎节数、单株荚数呈负相关。因此要增加单株产量,首先要考虑选择百粒重大的品种,其次是选择茎杆粗壮,主茎分枝数及单株粒数较多的品种。     

南阳盆地直立型豌豆农艺性状与产量相关性及通径分析

采用相关分析和通径分析方法对22份豌豆品种（系）的主要农艺性状和产量进行分析。结果表明：农艺性状与产量的相关程度为：主茎节数＞百粒重＞单株荚数＞株高＞荚宽＞主茎分枝数＞单荚粒数＞荚长;关联顺序为：荚宽＞百粒重＞荚长＞单荚粒数＞主茎分枝数＞主茎节数＞株高＞单株荚数。两种分析结果基本吻合,影响豌豆产量的主要因子为百粒重和单株荚数。通径分析表明百粒重对产量的直接作用大,影响百粒重的直接性状为主茎节数,影响单株荚数的直接性状为单荚粒数和主茎分枝数,因此在筛选培育新品种时应注意考察主茎节数与主茎分枝数,以减少这些性状对产量的不利影响。     

大豆种子辐照处理后早期世代农艺性状的综合评价及遗传变异

本试验利用200Gy ^60Coγ射线处理大豆风干种子，对M1、M2代主要农艺性状的平均表现和遗传变异进行了研究，结果表明：1)M1植株生长缓慢，植株变矮，发育畸形，叶片缺绿、卷缩，出现不孕株、半不孕株、荚熟秆青株、成熟期推迟等现象。2)M1代农艺性状均有不同程度的变化。3)M2代的变异系数从单株粒数、单株荚数、茎粗、株高、荚长、荚宽依次减小。4)M2代株高与百粒重、主茎节数、结荚高度呈极显著正相关，与有效分枝始节、单株荚数、茎粗、单株粒数呈显著正相关；百粒重与单株产量呈负相关；结荚高度与有效分枝始节、主茎分枝数成负相关。5)M2代株系间有显著性差异。6)M2遗传力顺序为主茎节数、株高、结荚高度、单株粒数、荚宽、茎粗、单株荚数、单株产量、荚长。     

攀西地区大豆地方品种资源遗传特性研究

对攀西地区118份大豆地方品种遗传特性进行了初步研究,结果表明,攀西地区大豆地方品种的主要农艺性状均有较大的遗传变异和选择潜力,尤以分枝数、单株粒数和单株荚数的变异最大;茎粗的遗传率最高,株高、分枝数、主茎节数其次;各性状对产量的遗传相关系数的大小顺序为单株粒数＞单株荚数＞主茎节数＞分枝数＞株高＞百粒重＞茎粗,单株粒数对单株粒重的影响最大,茎粗对单株粒重的影响最小.从中筛选出6个植株高度适中,分枝多、结荚多,单株产量较高的大豆地方品种,可以通过提纯改良用于生产或作为育种的基础材料.     

黄淮海夏大豆产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

为探讨大豆主要农艺性状对大豆产量影响的主次关系,运用灰色关联度分析法,对黄淮海地区16 个品种12 点试验进行产量与农艺性状的分析,从而为黄淮海地区大豆育种提供理论依据。结果表明：产量与主要农艺性状的关联度大小依次是单株粒重＞分枝数＞株高＞生育日数＞单株荚数＞单株粒数＞主茎节数＞底荚高度＞百粒重。可见,对大豆新品种选育时,应优先考虑单株粒重,分枝数,株高和生育日数。     

黔豆08002农艺性状与产量相关性分析

为探索黔豆08002产量形成的主要因素,分析了不同的栽培条件下,各产量因素的相关性。结果表明:产量和主要农艺性状变异系数由大到小依次为有效分枝单株产量单株粒数株高底荚高小区产量主茎节数百粒重,产量与株高、底荚高呈显著、极显著正相关。主要农艺性状对产量的影响依次为:底荚高单株粒数有效分枝数单株产量。生产上通过追踪黔豆08002田间性状的表现,采取农艺措施,使黔豆08002获得高产。     

大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

为了探讨大豆各主要农艺性状对单株产量影响的主次关系,以黑龙江省第二积温带种植的6个大豆品种为试验材料,应用灰色系统理论的关联度分析法对与大豆单株产量相关的8个性状进行关联分析。结果表明：大豆单株产量相关性状的灰色关联度大小依次为单株粒数>主茎分枝数>单株有效荚数>百粒重>底荚高度>株高>生育期>主茎节数,与单株产量最为密切相关的性状是单株粒数,其与产量的关联度为0.42,其次是主茎分枝数,与产量的关联度为0.39,主茎节数影响相对较小。因而,在大豆品种选育过程中,应注重单株粒数多和主茎分枝数多的品系选育。     

^60Co-r射线辐照处理大豆M3、M4农艺性状的遗传变异研究

利用150Gy^60Co-r射线对大豆品种的干种子加以辐照处理，对其M3及M4农艺性状的遗传变异研究，结果表明：1)M3及M。变异系数最大的分别是：有效分枝始节、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株产量。2)相关分析表明：百粒重与荚长、荚宽、单株产量和生育期呈极显著正相关，与主茎节数呈极显著负相关；株高与主茎节数、结荚高度、单株粒数和生育期呈极显著正相关。3)对M3及M4遗传力平均值的分析，遗传力最大的分别是株高、主茎分枝数、结荚高度、单株粒数。     

海南黑豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联分析

采用灰色关联分析法,对10份海南黑豆地方资源的单株产量及主要农艺性状进行了分析。结果表明:与海南黑豆单株产量相关的8个主要农艺性状的关联顺序为百粒重>生育期>有效分枝数>主茎节数>单株粒数>单株荚数>株高>底荚高度。因此,在海南黑豆品种选育过程中,应优先考虑选择子粒大、生育期相对较长和有效分枝多的品系选育。     

绿豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

为探讨绿豆主要农艺性状对单株产量影响的主次关系，以15 个绿豆品种为试验材料，采用灰色关联度分析法，对绿豆7 个农艺性状与单株产量的关联度进行统计分析。结果表明：各性状因子与单株产量的关联度由高到低排序为单株荚数、株高、主茎节数、百粒重、单荚粒数、主茎分枝、生育期。因此，在山西高产绿豆新品种选育时，应首先注重单株荚数和株高。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.