鸟鸣山更幽──谈王维山水田园诗的动态描写

鸟鸣山更幽──谈王维山水田园诗的动态描写赵桂云，刘胜彩王维是盛唐杰出的诗人，他的山水田园诗流传久远影响颇深．同时他还是著名的画家，后世推之为南宗山水画派的始祖．因此他的诗朴素、清新、明丽、含蓄、充满诗情画意，在我国文学史上占有相当重要的地位．唐末殷潘...     

诗魂王维的山水田园情结

王维的山水田园诗是一种特殊形式的浪漫主义,从表面上看,它们描写的是真实形态的红莲、水鸟、白云、溪涧,但从整体和实质考察,它们却是以默默无声、意在象外的方式,赞颂、讴歌和象征了一个高度理想化的世界。     

相似的田园 不同的情感──陶渊明孟浩然与王维三首田园诗的比较分析

相似的田园不同的情感──陶渊明孟浩然与王维三首田园诗的比较分析王菊艳在中国文人的观念中，人与自然有一种天然的亲和关系，自然仿佛是文学创作的无言宗师，很多诗人在自然的山水田园面前表现出极度的沉醉与痴迷。陶渊明、孟浩然与王维是中国古代文学史上三位重要的田...     

一样碰壁 两样退却——论王维、孟浩然山水田园诗的不同

王维、孟浩然是盛唐山水田园诗派的代表诗人,经过他们二人的创作努力,山水田园诗成为盛唐诗坛的一朵奇葩,充实了唐诗的艺苑。但由于二人生活经历的不同,他们的山水田园诗表现出了不同的思想内容和艺术风格。     

赏析王维的《山居秋暝》之三美

《山居秋暝》作为王维山水田园诗的代表作之一，具有很高的欣赏价值。本文试从意境美、色彩美、韵律美三方面来对此诗作一简单的赏析。     

自然的妙味--论明代浙江文人茶及其茶叶文献

明代是中国文化空前繁荣的时期。这是一个生活风尚追求优雅别致的时代。也就是在这个时代，中国茶文化的发展开启了新的篇章。旧的团茶法逐渐凋零，新的叶茶法转为主流，饮茶方法由精致华丽，回归简朴自然。正如同经典明式家具，它那种简洁明快、典雅庄重的风格是后人再也无法企及的。明代文人们那种殚精于燕闲雅趣，寄情于田园山水，以茶寄托对现实的不满和超现实世界的向往的时代风格和精神旨趣，也是我们无法超越的。     

陶渊明的田园美学思想及其对后世园林的影响

介绍了陶渊明的生平及代表性的田园诗作,归纳了陶渊明清淡自然、笃意真古、气韵生动的田园美学思想,总结分析了其对中国古典园林的山水田园风格、士人园林的开创、生态人文思想的共融、诗情画意的表现手法以及对东方园林的指导意义等方面的影响。     

自然美之源——实践

理解自然美的本质要根植于人类实践活动,把它看成是人化自然的直接成果.在审美活动中,自然美与人化自然的联系非常密切,要充分认识自然美的本质,必须要从人化自然和人的自然化两个方面入手,并且看到自然美的领域将伴随人类实践活动的逐渐展开而不断扩大.     

柳宗元山水游记的自我回归意识

第一次阅读柳宗元的山水游记,单纯的以为是描写山水的文章。但通过教师的讲解及相关学习资料的学习,发现柳宗元的山水游记是非常有深意的,淋漓尽致的体现了、暂时的、不稳定的自我回归意识。那么,在柳宗元的山水游记中是如何体现自我回归意识的呢?笔者将从自身理解的角度出发分析和探讨这一问题,希望能够对同学们学习柳宗元山水游记有所帮助。     

论王维济州时期诗歌创作之变

王维被贬济州、为官济州至出济州回洛阳这一时期，为其创作生涯的转折期。济州前后，地理环境和交往圈子的变化对王维诗歌产生较大影响，京都风物变为山水田园景物，题材逐渐宽泛，隐逸思想萌生，加之自觉的艺术探索，孕育诗歌创作之变，山水诗风格开始形成。     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

Research and development, productivity, and inflation

R & D, through its effects on the rate of productivity increase, can significantly restrain the rate of inflation in the medium and long run. High rates of inflation damage the workings of the price system and impair the efficiency of practically all economic activities, including R & D. Findings suggest that the percentage increase between 1969 and 1979, in total real R & D expenditures, has been exaggerated due to the inadequacy of the gross national product deflator as applied to R & D.     

Fiber, food, fuel, and fungal symbionts

Virtually all plants of economic importance form mycorrhizae. These absorbing organs of higher plants result from a symbiotic union of beneficial soil fungi and feeder roots. In forestry, the manipulation of fungal symbionts ecologically adapted to the planting site can increase survival and growth of forest trees, particularly on adverse sites. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, which occur not only on many trees but also on most cultivated crops, are undoubtedly more important to world food crops. Imperatives for mycorrhizal research in forestry and agriculture are (i) the development of mass inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi, (ii) the interdisciplinary coordination with soil management, plant breeding, cultivation practices, and pest control to ensure maximum survival and development of fungal symbionts in the soil, and (iii) the institution of nursery and field tests to determine the circumstances in which mycorrhizae benefit plant growth in forestry and agri-ecosystems.     

Strategic command, control, communications, and intelligence

Command, control, communications, and intelligence (C(3)l) for nuclear forces are essential elements in the deterrence of nuclear war. The present C(3)l) system has vulnerabilities associated with its reliability, survivability, and endurance under attack, thereby weakening deterrence by increasing the ambiguity in our capabilities. Development of a reliable and enduring C(3)l) system would reduce this ambiguity. Its reliable, positive control of nuclear forces would give the national leadership more time to assess situations, ensure discriminate retaliation, and improve our ability to manage crises in general. These capabilities could help to stop a war rapidly should one start. A reliable and enduring C(3)1) system will be needed for a long time to come, even if a freeze on strategic nuclear forces is accomplished or other arms control successes achieved. Indeed, C(3)l) may be the best source today of confidence-building measures to reduce tensions and the threat of nuclear catastrophe.     

Space, stars, c60, and soot

Although carbon has been subjected to far more study than all other elements put together, the buckminsterfullerene hollow-cage structure, recently proposed to account for the exceptional stability of the C(60) cluster, has shed a totally new and revealing light on several important aspects of carbon's chemical and physical properties that were quite unsuspected and others that were not previously well understood. Most significant is the discovery that C(60) appears to form spontaneously, and this has particularly important implications for particle formation in combustion and in space as well as for the chemistry of polyaromatic compounds. The intriguing revelation that 12 pentagonal "defects" convert a planar hexagonal array of any size into a quasi-icosahedral cage explains why some intrinsically planar materials form quasi-crystalline particles, as appears to occur in the case of soot. Although the novel structural proposal has still to be unequivocally confirmed, this article pays particular attention to the way in which it provides convincing explanations of puzzling observations in several fields, so lending credence to the structure proposed for C(60).