水稻的再生率及其与产量性状的关系

以30个不同类型的水稻品种(组合)为材料，研究了其再生率表现及其与头季和再生季产量性状的相关性。结果表明，供试材料的再生率表现出较大差异，其中恢复系198和986再生率较高，可作为选配高再生率杂交稻的亲本；杂交组合培两优500、陆18S／288和准两优198再生率较高，可在生产上进一步试种。水稻再生率与再生稻的产量、有效穗数和结实率呈不同程度的正相关，说明通过提高水稻再生率来增加再生稻产量是可行的；水稻再生率与头季稻的结实率呈极显著正相关，故选择高再生率水稻品种(组合)，要求头季稻结实率高；水稻再生力的指标以最终再生率(再生季有效穗数／头季有效穗数)或最高再生率(再生季最高苗数／头季有效穗数)表示更具有实际意义。     

高产杂交稻新组合Ⅱ优125主要特性与再生高产栽培技术

为更好发挥国审稻Ⅱ优125在适宜种植区的增产增收潜力,对Ⅱ优125作再生稻栽培的特性及关键栽培技术进行了试验与总结.通过重施催芽肥和高留稻桩等措施使其产生尽可能多的再生有效穗,提高茎腋芽的萌发率和成苗率；并提高再生季中后期田间管理水平,以增加穗粒数、提高结实率和千粒重.     

不同施氮水平催芽肥对欣荣优华占机收再生稻产量的影响

选用欣荣优华占作材料开展机收再生稻催芽肥不同施用水平试验,结果表明,施用催芽肥可明显提高头季机收后低位腋芽的存活率和萌发率,同时,对再生季每穗粒数也有一定影响。但催芽肥用量可比传统手割再生稻略减,中等肥力田块,一般杂交稻每667m~2尿素用量在10 kg左右。     

直播-再生稻栽培试验及直播稻高产栽培技术

以5个杂交稻为材料,探索直播—再生稻栽培技术。安排再生稻头季播种期时,应当根据品种的生育期特性,把再生稻再生季的抽穗扬花期安排在9月中旬为宜。水稻品种的分蘖能力不同,会影响到再生季的有效穗数,直播-再生稻栽培要选用分蘖力较强的品种为宜。再生穗着生节位高度与品种特性有关。直播稻栽培的关键技术是：保匀苗、除杂草、防倒伏和治...     

杂交水稻再生利用的研究进展

我国水稻再生利用研究始于50年代。自70年代杂交水稻培育成功并大面积应用于生产以来,一些科研工作者便开始了杂交水稻再生利用研究。1975年广东肇丰地区农校利用珍珠矮A×IR66培植再生稻头季亩产532.5公斤,再生稻亩产242.3公斤,合计亩产774.2公斤。近几年来,由于常规再生稻品种后季有效穗数不多,每穗实粒数少,产量低等原因,常规再生稻品种的利用受到很大的局限,出现了徘徊局面。     

头季低桩机割再生稻发育特性及施肥技术试验

相比高桩手割,再生稻头季实行低桩机割,再生季分蘖的形态发育出现了新的变化,要求改变相应栽培技术才能适应这种变化,提高再生季产量。以适应闽中山区机械化生产的中偏早熟品种天优华占为材料,研究了天优华占低桩机割再生分蘖的形态发育特性及施肥技术。结果表明:(1)头季成熟期低桩机割,割去倒2、3节腋芽,再生季萌发倒4、5节分蘖及其子蘖,比头季高桩手割的再生分蘖多长2～3片叶子,生长期延长15 d,并具有3～4个发根节,萌发较旺盛的根系,从而促成萌发较多的分蘖,发育较大的穗子,为丰产奠定了形态学基础。(2)不同节位分蘖之间,以穗数的差异最大,每穗粒数次之,结实率和千粒重比较稳定。显示穗粒数具有较大的扩增潜力,是决定产量的主要因素。再生分蘖萌发迅猛,头季机割后15日达有效分蘖临界期。(3)供试稻田土壤速效磷钾养分含量偏低,不施磷钾肥明显抑制分蘖萌发,穗数显著減少,产量显著降低,再生季氮肥施用以"平衡施N、配施PK肥"的处理产量最高。     

水稻再生丰产技术研究 Ⅴ报、茅肥N素水平对再生稻干物质积累运转的影响

根据以前几报研究,再生稻有赖地上部茎生腋芽的萌发成穗,再生腋芽在头季抽后27天左右进入一次枝梗分化,于头季抽穗后20天施用芽肥对腋芽的萌发再生具有明显的促进作用。本试验目的在于探讨芽肥对于物质积累运转的影响,阐明芽肥生理效应,为再生稻高产栽培提供依据。材料与方法试验于1992年在福建省北部山区的武夷山市黄村基点进行,供试品种为汕优63。头季稻齐穗后20天施芽肥。设缺N、低N(2公斤/亩)、中N(4公斤/亩)、高N(8公     

赣中北“油稻稻”三熟制下头季稻叶片衰老频度对再生稻再生力的影响

为研究三熟制条件下适合种植的再生稻品种及头季叶片衰老频度对再生力特性的影响,在大田试验条件下,以10个杂交水稻品种为材料,比较分析了这些品种的再生力、再生季产量及头季衰老强度等若干性状。结果表明,头季不同品种结实率与再生季再生力呈正相关关系,相关系数为0.620,头季千粒重、叶干质量下降率、叶绿素含量下降率、产量与再生季再生力呈负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.522、-0.516、-0.637、-0.676。再生季有效穗数与再生力呈显著正相关关系,与活芽率呈负相关,相关系数分别为0.757和-0.615。头季结实率、叶片叶绿素含量、产量,以及再生季有效穗数和千粒重是影响再生力的重要因素。综合两季产量和再生力特性来看,深两优5814、C两优608、准两优608、丰两优香1号等4个品种可以作为再生稻在江西中北部的三熟制条件下种植。     

杂交水稻腋芽在母体与离体条件下的再生特性研究

以杂交水稻龙两优072和深优9576为试验材料,对各节位腋芽在母体与离体条件下的再生特性进行了研究。结果表明,有效穗数和结实率对母体条件下再生稻产量起决定性作用,有效穗数和每穗总粒数对离体条件下再生稻产量起决定性作用;离体条件下再生稻的有效穗数、结实率和产量均高于母体条件,但千粒重略低于母体条件;离体条件下再生稻的叶面积指数、作物生长率均高于母体条件;再生稻全氮的转运主要发生在叶片,碳水化合物的转运主要发生在茎鞘,且碳水化合物的转运随节位的下降呈增加的趋势;离体条件下各节位各时期茎鞘和叶片的全氮和可溶性糖含量均高于母体条件,淀粉含量低于母体条件。     

促芽肥用量和留茬方式对赣东北地区再生稻产量和再生能力的影响

赣东北地区光热充足,非常适宜发展再生稻。为明确合理的促芽肥施用时期和留茬高度,本研究于2011年在江西省余江县设置了不同的促芽肥用量(170 N kg/hm2和125 N kg/hm2以及不施肥)、收割方式和留茬高度(留茬高度为60 cm和30 cm),探讨了不同处理对再生稻籽粒产量和产量构成、再生芽萌发能力的影响。结果表明,与不施促芽肥相比,施促芽肥的再生稻产量显著提高,平均增幅为48.9%和36.9%;其再生稻的每丛穗数、每穗粒数也显著提高。与机械收割相比,人工收割处理的产量显著提高,其再生芽萌发率、每丛穗数和每穗粒数比机械收割分别增加7.7%、27.9%和11.6%。在人工收割方式下,留高茬处理的再生稻产量、再生芽萌发率、每丛穗数和每穗粒数均明显高于留低茬处理。这说明,在赣东北地区,要保障再生稻高产,施促芽肥170 N kg/hm2、人工收割、留高茬是较好的再生稻管理模式。     

Advances in the Effects of the Ability of Axillary Bud Germination on Grain Yield in Ratoon Rice

Ratoon rice can make full use of heat and light resources. It has the advantage of two harvests with one sowing, and it can increase multiple cropping index and grain yield per unit area, which has great importance to rice production and food security in our country. The effective panicle number plays a vital role in the yield formation in ratoon rice, which depends on the germination ability of regeneration buds. Therefore, improving the axillary bud germination ability of ratoon rice holds the key to increasing rice yield in regenerative season. In this paper, we outlined the current research advances in the mechanism of axillary bud germination and the influencing factors of the germination ability as well as the technical measures to improve axillary bud germination ability. We also proposed the research highlights in the future on enhancing axillary bud germination. It will lay a theoretical basis for higher yield in ratoon rice.     

再生稻头季倒伏对再生季生育的影响

再生稻头季成熟前一周遭台风倒伏,略有减产,但茎秆折伤,抑制茎生腋芽萌发,再生季大幅减产。头季倒伏后及时扶起,可显著减轻再生季失收的程度。     

再生稻芽肥施用期探讨

为探讨再生稻芽肥施用期,设置分期施肥试验。结果明确,由于头季顶端优势的控制,茎生腋芽至头季成熟前3d才萌发,芽肥以适当晚施为宜。试验于头季齐穗后23d施芽肥比齐穗后15d施芽肥,再生季穗数和每穗粒数增加,增产6．7％。     

促芽肥对黄华占再生季农艺性状及产量的影响

为探讨促芽肥对再生稻再生季农艺性状和产量形成的影响,以黄华占为试验材料,尿素作为氮肥进行小区试验。结果表明,在施等量发苗肥(尿素225 kg/hm~2)的情况下,随促芽肥施用量(尿素0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm~2)的增加,黄华占再生季的产量、株高、穗长、成穗率和最终再生率增加,每穗粒数和结实率先增后减,千粒重无明显变化;促芽肥用量与再生季产量、单位面积穗数呈显著正相关,促芽肥用量为300 kg/hm~2时,黄华占再生季产量最高,为4 633.8 kg/hm~2,比不施促芽肥的处理增产22.69%,达极显著水平。     

杂交早稻夷优186特征特性及作再生稻栽培技术要点

2013年建阳市引进杂交早稻新品种夷优186作低留桩机收再生稻种植,表现头季产量高、熟期适中,再生季再生力强、苗数多、产量高。通过开展低留桩机收再生稻栽培试验,探索其高产栽培技术,指导机收再生稻生产。     

Differences in Grain Yield and Quality in Main and Ratoon Rice in Southern Henan Province

【Objective】 The combination of mid-season rice+ratoon rice is a new pattern of rice planting in southern Henan Province. However, the changes in grain yield and quality between the main and ratoon seasons remain unclear. Clarifying the changing law of grain yield and rice quality can lay a theoretical and practical basis for the screening of ratoon rice varieties with higher grain yield and better rice quality in southern Henan Province. 【Method】 In this study, 12 hybrid indica rice combinations suitable for single-cropping rice were used as materials under local high-yield cultivation conditions. The tested combinations were divided into four types according to their yields in main and ratoon seasons: BH, both high grain yields in main and ratoon season; HL, high grain yield in main season and low grain yield in ratoon season; LH, low grain yield in main season and high yield in ratoon season; BL, both low grain yields in main and ratoon seasons. The difference in rice quality was also analyzed. 【Result】 1) The processing quality and appearance quality in ratoon season were significantly improved, however, the protein contents decreased, and the eating quality of rice was improved to different extents as compared with those in main season; 2) Except for BL type (only one combination, Shenliangyou 11), the processing quality of BH and HL was better, and HL has better appearance quality and cooking and eating quality. There was no significant difference in protein contents among different yield types in main season, while in ratoon season, the protein contents in BH were 10.7 % higher than those in HL, and 1.75% lower than those in LH. 3) The effect of daily average temperature after full heading on grain quality was far greater than the sunshine hours, and the relatively low average daily temperature after full heading in ratoon season was the main reason for its better grain quality. 【Conclusion】 Based on higher grain yield and better rice quality, Liangyou 6326, Tianliangyou 616, Guangliangyou 476 and Fengliangyouxiang 1 were suitable varieties for ratoon cultivation in southern Henan Province.