不同类型毛竹林植物物种多样性研究

通过对不同类型毛竹林植物物种多样性的研究,结果表明:毛竹林内物种是丰富的,但较大部分物种是脆弱的;乔木层植物物种多样性指数与林下木本植物物种多样性指数相关显著,与草本植物物种多样性指数相关不显著,乔木层物种多样性指数小于林下植物物种多样性指数;木本植物物种多样性指数,竹阔混交林＞竹针混交林＞毛竹纯林,粗放经营竹林＞中等集约经营竹林＞集约经营竹林;林下草本植物物种多样性指数,竹针混交林＞毛竹纯林＞竹阔混交林,中等集约经营竹林＞粗放经营竹林＞集约经营竹林;竹阔混交林向毛竹纯林转型时,林下木本植物部分丧失,而草本植物将可能增加,也可能减少.     

毛竹竹阔混交林群落地力保持研究

通过不同经营措施对竹阔混交林地力维持的研究 ,指出毛竹纯林的竹材产量要显著地高于毛竹混交林的竹材产量 ,但竹林地力衰退较快 ;毛竹竹阔混交林的自肥能力要比毛竹纯林高 ,在维持土壤肥力方面竹阔混交林具有不可比拟的优越性。研究指出 ,以竹阔混交比例为 8∶ 2 ,竹林密度为 2 1 0 0株· hm-2 的竹阔混交林最具有维持土壤肥力的能力。     

江西安福不同类型毛竹林土壤矿化态碳特征研究

对江西安福林区毛竹纯林、竹阔混交林、竹杉混交林3种不同类型毛竹林地土壤矿化态碳(MC)含量季节变化和剖面分布进行了研究,同时以杉木纯林为对照.结果表明:不同类型毛竹林MC含量差异较大,0~60 cm土层MC含量平均值大小排序为竹阔混交林(73.53 mg/kg)>毛竹纯林(59.07 mg/kg)>竹杉混交林(51.68 mg/kg)>杉木林(38.48 mg/kg);各林分类型MC含量存在明显的季节差异;各林分类型MC含量平均值随着土层加深而减少,0~40 cm土层间达到显著差异;毛竹林类型MC占土壤总有机碳(TOC)比率在0.42%~0.51%,高于杉木林的0.38%;毛竹纯林和竹阔混交林的MC与TOC相关系数分别为0.85和0.88,达到极显著水平.     

不同人工经营毛竹林土壤理化性质变化

选择3种人工经营毛竹林:集约经营毛竹纯林,杉-竹混交林和粗放经营毛竹纯林,对其土壤理化性质进行研究,探讨人工经营对毛竹林土壤质量的影响.结果表明:土壤理化性质在3种类型林地中呈现出显著的差异性.土壤容重表现为集约经营竹林＞杉-竹混交林＞粗放经营竹林,孔隙度及毛管孔隙度及土壤持水能力表现为粗放经营纯林＞杉-竹混交林＞集约经营竹林:说明粗放经营的毛竹纯林及混交林土壤具有较好的水文生态功能.粗放经营的毛竹纯林土壤有机质含量显著高于混交林和集约经营竹林,集约经营竹林土壤全氮含量最低,水解氮、速效磷等养分则为混交林最高,说明集约经营竹林由于产出的增加,导致土壤肥力耗损,应加强平衡施肥等生态经营技术在毛竹林经营实践上的应用.     

武夷山不同毛竹林类型毛竹生长与土壤养分研究

调查分析了武夷山不同毛竹林类型的毛竹生长效果和土壤养分状况。结果表明,毛竹混交林对培肥土壤、增加有机质、控制病虫害以及维护毛竹林分长期的生产力具有效果。竹杉林、竹阔林的林分密度较毛竹纯林明显增大,分别增长48.9%、54.3%,毛竹+杉木的混交方式对促进毛竹生长效果为最好,其林分立竹量、平均胸径、新竹产量最大,而毛竹+阔叶树的林分由于乔木所占比重稍大,影响了毛竹行鞭发笋和胸径生长,但其毛竹生物量最高,比毛竹纯林增加了20%。竹阔林土壤的有机质含量高于竹杉林、毛竹纯林,全N含量也相应增大,但磷素明显缺乏。     

竹阔混交林林地土壤肥力的研究

本文通过对合理的竹阔混交林与毛竹纯林2种林型下土壤肥力的分析研究，结果表明：合理的竹阔混交林具有较强的培肥改土性能，土壤理化性质明显优于毛竹纯林，从而促进了竹林生长。竹阀混交林是一种具有较高生产力的竹类农用林业经营模式。     

江西安福不同类型毛竹林地土壤微生物量碳特征研究

为了掌握毛竹林地土壤微生物量碳的动态变化特征,以江西省安福林区的毛竹纯林、竹阔混交林、竹杉混交林这3种不同类型毛竹林地作为研究对象,同时以中亚热带阔叶林和杉木纯林林地为对照,对其土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)含量的季节变化情况及其在各土层的剖面分布情况进行了研究。结果表明:不同类型毛竹林地的SMBC含量间差异较大,不同类型林地0~60 cm土层的SMBC含量平均值的大小顺序为竹阔混交林(157.62 mg·kg~(-1))毛竹纯林(143.17 mg·kg~(-1))竹杉混交林(110.19 mg·kg~(-1))阔叶林(101.07 mg·kg~(-1))杉木林(86.56 mg·kg~(-1));各林分类型的SMBC含量均表现出明显的季节差异,春季的SMBC含量均极显著高于其他季节;各林分类型其SMBC含量的平均值均随土层的加深而降低,其分布在各土层的含量间的差异均达到显著水平,说明土壤表层的积聚作用明显;毛竹林地的SMBC占土壤总有机碳(TOC)的比率为1.01%~1.11%,高于阔叶林地的0.67%和杉木林的0.79%;毛竹纯林、竹阔混交林和竹杉混交林的SMBC与TOC的相关系数分别为0.71、0.55和0.47。     

毛竹混交林林分生长状况和结构特征研究

对福建省建阳交溪毛竹阔叶树混交林、毛竹杉木混交林、毛竹杉木阔叶树混交林及毛竹纯林等6种不同混交模式林分生长状况进行比较,结果表明:混交林毛竹个体生物量、毛竹胸径和竹高较大,不同模式林分间的胸径、竹高、冠幅等生长因子均达显著差异;竹阔混交林较有利于竹鞭孕芽发笋;各模式竹林结构综合评判为一般经营竹林;竹林竹鞭长、鞭径、鞭节生长以竹阔比例为5:5林分竹鞭较好。     

福建省毛竹混交林竹林结构比较研究

通过对浦城县古楼乡毛竹阔叶树混交林、毛竹杉木混交林、毛竹杉木阔叶树混交林及毛竹纯林等4种不同经营模式林分比较,结果表明:混交林毛竹个体生物量、毛竹胸径和竹高较大,不同模式林分的胸径、竹高、冠幅等生长因子有显著差异;竹阔混交林较有利于竹鞭孕芽发笋;各模式竹林结构综合评判为一般经营竹林;竹林竹鞭长、鞭径、鞭节生长以竹阔比例为5∶5林分竹鞭较好。     

江西安福不同类型毛竹林土壤有机碳特征

对江西安福毛竹林类型(毛竹纯林、竹阔混交林和竹杉混交林)土壤有机碳特征进行研究,以中亚热带常绿阔叶林和杉木纯林为对照。结果表明,土壤有机碳含量以竹阔混交林最高(15.36g/kg),竹杉混交林次之(14.63g/kg),毛竹纯林最小(14.06g/kg)。不同类型毛竹林土壤有机碳含量在不同季节存在差异,在土壤剖面上均表现为随土层深度的增加而降低。毛竹林土壤有机碳储量在116.90¹30.24tC/hm2。不同类型毛竹林土壤有机碳存在着明显的表层富集现象,0130.24tC/hm2。不同类型毛竹林土壤有机碳存在着明显的表层富集现象,0⁴0cm土层土壤碳储量占整个林地土壤碳储量比例大于75%。毛竹林土壤层是一个较大的碳库,而竹阔混交经营能够有效提高土壤碳贮存能力。     

Armillaria ostoyae in managed coniferous forests in Kastamonu in Turkey

Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m². One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites.     

上海中央公园特大银杏树白蚁防治探讨

通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。       

我国食品中农药残留研究进展

随着人们安全健康意识提高,食品中农药残留问题更加受到重视,本文综述了样品预处理研究进展及农药残留快速检测技术研究进展,并简单分析介绍各种方法的优缺点。     

建平半干旱地区石质山地造林技术研究

研究了不同植物在石质山地的造林成活率、土壤化学性质随造林年限的变化和造林措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：不同植物在石质山地的成活率在21%～85%之间,其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81%和85%,而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70%左右;植被能明显提高石质山地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量,但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和造林年限的不同而不同;在同一土层,生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（p〈0.01）并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（p〈0.01）;只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高;生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐、栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量,但保水剂的提高程度最高。     

植物DNA甲基化研究进展

植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。     

木材碳封存研究进展

碳封存可以分工业封存和生物封存, 工业封存包括地质封存、海洋封存、矿石碳化以及工业循环利用, 这些方法能快速回收CO₂, 但工艺流程技术复杂, 成本较高。木材碳封存是生物碳封存的一种类型, 树木光合作用吸收的碳主要存贮在木材中。运用木材密度、微密度等检测仪器, 通过确定木材密度变化, 结合其含碳率来计量木材的碳封存过程以及封存过程中碳的分配格局, 同时研究其与环境因子的相关性, 可以为研究森林的碳吸收动态提供便捷的方法和科学的依据。     

Natural regeneration in patch clear-cutting in Picea abies stands in Southern Finland

Abstract

The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha^–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha^?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha^?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting.     

Tree regeneration in patch cutting in Norway spruce stands in northern Finland

The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha^?1, of which 1700?ha^?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha^?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches.     

Changes in micropores in dry wood with elapsed time in the environment

To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO₂ adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years. The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption and/or temperature variation in the environment.