讷河市马铃薯产业现状与发展对策

讷河市土壤气候条件非常适合马铃薯生长,是黑龙江省重要的马铃薯种薯和商品薯产区之一。但是,从2012年开始,受全国马铃薯市场行情的影响,讷河市马铃薯种植面积急剧下滑,收益减少,严重影响农民的生产积极性。针对讷河市马铃薯产业存在问题,提出了发展马铃薯产业的对策,包括建立先进的种薯生产企业,加强种薯质量控制。除发展种薯生产外,亦应重视满足市场需求的商品薯种植。     

黑龙江省马铃薯高产栽培技术

<正>黑龙江省地处我国东北高寒地区,气候冷凉,日照充足,昼夜温差大,病毒传播媒介少,具有得天独厚的马铃薯生产条件,是我国主要的马铃薯种薯和商品薯生产基地,马铃薯年种植面积40万hm2。在20世纪80年代,黑龙江省是全国第二个马铃薯种植大省。后来由于内蒙古、贵州和甘肃等省种植面积大幅度增加,使黑龙江省马铃薯种植面积在全国排名不断下降。就单产来说,黑龙江省马铃薯667 m2产量一般在0.8～1.0 t。黑龙江省土地肥沃,气候适宜马铃薯生长,单产较低的主要原因是忽视了栽培技术,以及田间管理粗放等,为此有必要制订出一套高产栽培技术体系。     

提高我省马铃薯产量的途径的探讨

<正> 马铃薯是产量高、用途广的经济作物,我省的常年播种面积在400万亩左右,是我国马铃薯种薯和商品薯生产基地之一,因此搞好黑龙江省的马铃薯生产,对促进全国经济发展有着重要意义。本文仅就黑龙江省马铃薯生产现状和存在的问题对提高产量水平的途径加以探讨。     

黑龙江省马铃薯种薯生产

马铃薯种薯生产是马铃薯产业链条的一个重要组成部分,高质量的种薯能为种植者从源头提供基本的物质保证。马铃薯通过无性繁殖方式繁衍后代,块茎连续几代在田间种植,极易感染病毒并在体内积累,通过无性系逐代传递导致产量和品质下降,其对环境条件的特殊要求决定了不是所有的马铃薯种植地区都适合繁殖种薯,马铃薯的种薯生产只能在特定的区域内进行。黑龙江省是我国重要的马铃薯生产和种薯繁育基地,得天独厚的自然条件及悠久的种植历史,形成了本地区特有的种薯生产体系及各方面的保障。本文详述了黑龙江省马铃薯种薯生产状况,包括种薯生产的历史、种薯繁育体系的建设、种薯繁育技术的完善、种薯基地的建设以及种薯质量检验等方面内容,并针对种薯生产中存在的问题提出相关建议。     

黑龙江省马铃薯单产偏低的原因及高产栽培技术

黑龙江省是我国主要的马铃薯种薯和商品薯生产基地,年种植面积40万hm2,占全国种植面积的10%.但是长期以来单产不高,仅为11.97t·hm-2左右,低于我国14 t·hm-2的平均单产水平,与世界高产国家的44.8 t·hm-2,以及我国高产省份的33.0 t·bm-2差距更大[1].这与我省冷凉的气候、肥沃的土壤、丰富的辐射能量等对马铃薯极有利的自然条件极不相称,更与几十年来我国农业长足的进步与发展不相适应[2].为此对黑龙江省马铃薯产量徘徊不前的主要原因进行了多年的田间调查,并针对这些原因制定出了一套高产栽培技术体系.     

黑龙江省马铃薯产业发展现状

黑龙江省马铃薯产业长期以来在全国都占有重要地位，尤其是种薯生产方面，得益于黑龙江省特殊的地理、气候条件。近年来，我国马铃薯产业受到空前重视，发展迅速，成为第四位主要农作物，在黑龙江主要农作物中马铃薯也排在第四位，在我省农村种植结构调整中发挥重要作用。从黑龙江省马铃薯产业现状分析，马铃薯在我省有广阔的发展空间。     

昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司简介

<正>克山昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司是克山县全面落实黑龙江省"努力把我省建设成马铃薯优质种薯产销大省,鲜食薯产销大省和马铃薯加工大省的产业政策"并充分体现克山县提出的"做强种薯,带动商品薯和加工薯,三薯同步进去市场的发展战略"而全力打造的一家集马铃薯种薯研发、脱毒种薯生产、良种繁育推广、商品薯生产收购、农副产品深加工、保鲜冷冻储藏、汽铁冷链物流配送、市场营销网络覆盖、电子商务交易于一体的生态农业、高新技术马铃薯专业公司。集团公司下设克山昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司、克山昆丰公司种薯研发中心和种薯生产基地、克山昆丰马铃薯专业合作联社、克山昆丰马铃薯及农副产品深加工区、冷链物流配送中心和鲜食薯、蔬菜配送中心哈尔滨办事处。     

黑龙江省马铃薯田杂草种类及其化学防除

黑龙江省土质肥沃,生长季节气候冷凉,非常适合马铃薯生长发育。马铃薯年种植面积约为42万hm2,占全国马铃薯种植面积的10%左右,是我国主要的种薯和商品薯生产基地之一。马铃薯田间杂草与马铃薯处在同一农田生态系统中,杂草与作物争夺水分、养分、空间和阳光等资源,影响马铃薯的产量和品质。随着种植面积的不断扩大,草害也越来越严重,因此,对马铃薯田杂草防除技术的需求也越来越迫切,利用除草剂防除杂草是马铃薯生产中杂草防除的重要措施之一。1黑龙江省马铃薯田主要杂草种类马铃薯田杂草种类与当地旱田作物杂草种类基本相同。1.1禾本科杂草主…     

黑龙江省马铃薯产业现状与发展对策

黑龙江省具有适宜种植马铃薯的自然条件和传统优势，是全国重要的种薯和商品薯基地之一。2004年黑龙江省马铃薯播种面积约34．0万hm^2，占全省粮食播种面积的4．0％，仅次于大豆、玉米和水稻，马铃薯产业在黑龙江省农业结构调整和促进农民增收中发挥着日益重要的作用。     

昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司简介

克山昆丰马铃薯交易市场有限公司是克山县全面落实黑龙江省“努力把我省建设成马铃薯优质种薯产销大省,鲜食薯产销大省和马铃薯加工大省的产业政策”并充分体现克山县提出的“做强种薯,带动商品薯和加工薯,     

基于气候适宜度的黑龙江省大豆种植区划研究

为促进黑龙江省大豆种植结构优化、发展大豆种植业,结合黑龙江省实际情况,综合考虑温度、降水、日照,建立气候适宜度模型。利用黑龙江省32个气象站点1998-2018年逐日气候数据及大豆全育期内的观测资料,计算大豆种植气候适宜度。基于计算结果及K-means算法将全省大豆种植区域进行划分。研究结果表明:黑龙江省大豆种植可以划分为4个区域,其中北部高寒地区的温度适宜度偏低(低于0.30),大豆种植宜选取耐寒性强、发育期短的大豆品种;中、南部地区各项气候适宜度均高于省内均值,气候条件基本满足大豆生长发育所需,适宜发展大豆种植业。最终基于区划结果及区域气候特征,对各区域大豆种植品种提出建议。     

高纬度寒冷地区水稻育种现状及展望

随着国民经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高,对粳米的需求在稳步增长。黑龙江是我国粳稻主产区,对于保障我国粳稻市场稳定和全国人民的口粮安全具有重要作用。黑龙江以四、五积温带为代表的高纬度寒冷地区粳稻种植面积在70万hm²左右,这一地区生态条件特殊,气候寒冷,无霜期短,对水稻育种有特殊需求。文章小结了高纬度寒冷地区水稻育种的发展历程和现状,并提出了今后发展的方向。     

黑龙江垦区马铃薯大垄双行密植高产栽培技术

黑龙江西部垦区土质肥沃,气候冷凉,是黑龙江垦区重要的马铃薯生产基地。该地区种植的马铃薯主要是为淀粉加工企业提供充足的原料。为了提高种植者的经济效益及技术交流,总结了黑龙江西部垦区马铃薯大垄双行密植高产栽培技术模式,包括选地整地、品种及种薯、双行播种技术、施肥技术、田间管理、病虫草害防治及机械化收获。     

黑龙江省东部地区马铃薯高产限制因素的探讨

随着黑龙江省西部地区马铃薯的病害发生日趋严重,马铃薯种植面积逐渐向黑龙江省东部地区转移。黑龙江省东部地区气候冷凉,非常适合马铃薯的种植。但是因为种种因素的限制,马铃薯的产量并没有提升上去。笔者总结了限制产量提高的若干因素,以期为黑龙江省东部地区马铃薯的高产提供借鉴。     

Potato Production and Breeding in China

China is the world’s leading producer of potatoes, growing 22% of all potatoes. Production continues to rise, owing to increases in both land devoted to potato production and yield per hectare. Most potato production occurs in the northern and southwest regions of the country. The processing of coarse starch is the most important component of the potato processing industry in China, but other processing industries, such as crisps and French fries, are expanding. Major production constraints include inadequate germplasm resources for cultivar development, the lack of high quality seed potatoes, and limited access to equipment for mechanized cultivation, planting, fertilizing, spraying, and harvesting. Additional weaknesses in storage and transportation technologies must be addressed, as they are the major constraints for the healthy development of the potato industry. The introduction and improvement of these technologies will ensure the sustainable development of the potato industry in China.     

马铃薯品种‘费乌瑞它’的特征特性及优质高产栽培技术

沾河林业局位于黑龙江省东北部,土壤和气候特点非常适合种植马铃薯。‘费乌瑞它’(Favorita)引自荷兰,是中国主栽早熟品种之一,由于其商品性好,食味佳,是出口的主要品种,但‘费乌瑞它’易感晚疫病。‘费乌瑞它’栽培主要进行大垄栽培、药剂拌种,在生长季要进行防治晚疫病。     

山西省马铃薯产业的发展对策与思路

山西省地形、气候、土壤等条件非常适宜马铃薯生产,是中国传统的马铃薯种植优势区域之一。近年来当地各级政府大力扶持脱毒种薯繁育和马铃薯生产,使山西省马铃薯迅速发展。但是产业发展中还存在"三低一弱"问题,本文结合山西省马铃薯发展规划和实践调查,提出山西省马铃薯产业发展的对策思路,旨在为山西省马铃薯产业的发展提供帮助。     

齐齐哈尔市马铃薯产业发展浅析

齐齐哈尔市是黑龙江省马铃薯种植面积最大的地区,其辖区的讷河市、克山县是全国知名的马铃薯种薯种植基地,讷河市是我国最早命名的中国马铃薯之乡。浅析齐齐哈尔市马铃薯鲜食薯产业、种薯产业、淀粉加工产业、食品加工产业的优势,存在的问题,提出了以发展齐齐哈尔市马铃薯鲜食薯产业和种薯产业为重点的马铃薯产业发展思路,马铃薯鲜食、种薯产业需要提高质量,创建品牌;淀粉加工产业的基础比较好,但是仍需要扩大规模,建立稳固的原料来源。     

Climate Change and Its Repercussions for the Potato Supply Chain

Since the onset of the industrial revolution, in 1750, the concentration of carbon dioxide rose from 290 to 380 parts per million. Especially during the last decennia, the effects of increased greenhouse gases concentrations are being felt. The last 14 years worldwide contained the warmest 13 years since weather recording started. For southern Europe, the major effects reported by the International Panel on Climate Change are reduced water availability and a shorter suitable winter time slot for potato production. For northern Europe, climate change will bring a decreasing number of days with frost and a lengthening of the growing season. It will be associated with more rain in winter and less in summer, with more erratic but heavier rain storms. For potato production in Mediterranean and Sahelian types of climate, during the heat-free period of the year, yields will go down as the suitable period becomes shorter. With a higher evaporative demand, the resource water will be used less efficiently. Potato yields in temperate climates may increase—provided that water for irrigation is available—due to a longer growing season and higher carbon dioxide concentrations in the air. The quality may be affected as larger tubers with a higher dry matter concentration are expected. Problems with pests and diseases are expected to increase with a longer growing season at higher temperature which allows more cycles of multiplication and greater pressure. Late blight will also have a longer period to build up and erratic rains will make control more difficult. Seed production with increased vector pressure will become more costly because fewer field generations will follow the rapid multiplication stage and seed production may move further north. Present potato areas in Europe, however, are more affected by economic factors such as inadequate farm size, changing habits, and remoteness of markets than by climate determined suitability of growing conditions. To remain competitive, the industry will have to invest in strengthening existing production areas and assess the potential of new potato production areas (further north), in new varieties adapted to extremes in weather (heat, drought), in irrigation equipment, in equipment better adapted to wet soil conditions to assure accessibility, and in improved stores with more stores equipped with refrigeration as higher winter temperatures more frequently will make it impossible to keep ware potatoes cool with ambient air. Assessment of both climate change and market liberalization in Europe shows other roads ahead than when only climate effects are taken into consideration.     

Growth Strategies for a Declining Market- the German Fresh Potato Market

To determine potential growth strategies for the German fresh potato market, production area, harvested quantities, producer prices and consumption values for the German potato market were examined using trend analysis. German potato harvests were stable over time due to improved growing techniques. Producer longterm prices stayed stable despite their periodic volatility. Overall production area and levels of fresh potato consumption are undergoing a sharp decline. Furthermore, there is a significant relation between total yield and producer prices as dependent variables. In order to compensate for the reduction in consumption, a framework was developed to change the commodity status of fresh potatoes into a differentiated product with new market potential. A consumer and product orientated market segmentation and analysis was applied to the fresh potato market to identify trends and future opportunities. Application of these new differentiated products will help stop the decline of fresh potato consumption by attracting new customers in urban and rural areas. In addition, these new markets are expected to reduce the producer price volatility.