2022年新疆哈密市畜间布鲁氏菌病防控效果评估

为了解新疆哈密市牛羊布鲁氏菌病（简称“布病”）的检疫净化效果,综合分析其流行趋势,2022年从哈密市各区县101.98万头/只非免疫牛羊中采集963 999份血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验相结合的方法进行布鲁氏菌感染抗体检测,并统计分析不同畜种、不同时间、不同区域的分布特征。结果显示：2022年哈密市牛羊布病总个体阳性率为0.74%(7 158/963 999),总群体阳性率为6.61%(2 033/30 739)。从畜种分布来看,羊群体阳性率（8.41%）和个体阳性率（0.76%）均高于牛（4.74%和0.68%）,差异均具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;从时间分布来看,上半年牛羊个体阳性率（0.77%）和下半年（0.70%）差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;从区域分布来看,伊州区牛羊群体阳性率8.40%(1 196/14 230)和个体阳性率最高（1.07%,3 883/361 345）,与巴里坤县、伊吾县差异均具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结果表明：哈密市布病的总体防控效果较好,发生大流行的风险较低,但个别区县仍存在传播风险,尤其要注重羊群...     

新疆乌鲁木齐市流通环节牛羊布鲁氏菌病的调查分析

[目的]分析乌鲁木齐市流通环节家畜布鲁氏菌病流行趋势和传入风险,为科学防控疫病提供理论依据。[方法]在全市3个家畜布鲁氏菌病定点流行病学调查县和8个区县中的3个牛羊定点屠宰场、2个活畜交易市场和短期牛羊育肥畜群进行监测,共采集12 672份血样进行血清学检测。采用χ2检验对数据进行统计学分析。[结果]家畜布鲁氏菌病血清学抗体总阳性率为1.17%。χ2检验分析显示:流通环节与本地养殖环节的牛羊阳性率有显著差异;流通环节的羊阳性率明显高于牛;全市8个区县的羊阳性率和不同来源地的羊阳性率有显著差异。[结论]流通环节的阳性率明显高于养殖环节;流通环节的监管不到位是布鲁氏菌病传入乌鲁木齐市最大的威胁;乌鲁木齐市羊布鲁氏菌病防控形势严峻;不同区县要采取不同的羊布鲁氏菌病防控措施。     

2022年南平市延平区家畜布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查及防控措施

为了解延平区牛羊等家畜养殖模式、养殖数量和分布情况，掌握布鲁氏菌病的流行情况以及养殖场（村）饲养人员对该病防控认知情况，本研究采用问卷调查方式结合实验室检测对延平区开展家畜布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查。结果显示：延平区家畜养殖数量多，分布范围广；养殖户的布鲁氏菌病防控意识较差，生物安全措施参差不齐；仅从羊养殖场检测出阳性样品6份，牛场和猪场检测阳性样品为0份。以上研究结果为分析延平区当前布鲁氏菌病流行趋势提供数据支持，为该病的科学防控提供理论依据。     

江苏省牛羊布鲁氏菌病初步调查

为摸清江苏省牛羊养殖结构和布鲁氏菌病流行情况,从而为该病防控决策的制定提供借鉴,采用预设表格登记方法,了解全省牛羊养殖、调入和免疫情况;采用分层抽样方法,在每县随机抽取24个牛羊场,每场24份血清样品,进行虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)组合检测,了解布鲁氏菌病感染情况。结果显示:江苏省牛规模养殖占比83.06%,羊规模养殖占比52.47%,规模化程度较高;外地调入数量较少,但来源地较广;部分牛羊实施了布鲁氏菌病免疫;牛群布鲁氏菌病阳性率为2.93%(95%CI:1.01%~4.84%),个体阳性率为0.28%(95%CI:0.21%~0.35%);羊群中未检出布鲁氏菌病阳性。结果表明:江苏省牛羊布鲁氏菌病感染水平较低,利于净化;对其防控,须阻断活畜从一类地区调入,禁止布鲁氏菌病免疫。     

2017—2021年新疆伊吾县牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

为掌握伊吾县羊牛布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)的流行特点和净化效果,依据国家标准《动物布鲁氏菌病诊断技术》,用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)初筛,试管凝集试验(SAT)确诊的方法,2017—2021年连续5年对伊吾县养殖场户所有牛羊采集血样进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测,共检测牛羊血清样品1040792份,检出阳性样品7005份,平均阳性率...     

2018—2020年湖南省宁乡市牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

为掌握宁乡市牛羊布鲁氏菌病防控净化效果,2018—2020年在全市开展了牛羊布鲁氏菌病监测工作。共检测1 932个牛羊养殖场户,采集牛羊血清样本32 356份,应用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)进行初筛,竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(c ELISA)进行复核。结果显示:2018—2020年共检出阳性场户10个(羊场户9个、牛场户1个),平均场户阳性率为0.52%;检出阳性样品82份,平均个体阳性率为0.25%。2018年场户阳性率为1.57%,个体阳性率为0.33%,2019年场户阳性率为0.15%,个体阳性率为0.06%;2020年场户阳性率为0.24%,个体阳性率为0.41%。2018年检出阳性乡镇5个,2019年1个,2020年2个。结果表明,宁乡市布鲁氏菌病流行得到有效控制,流行范围大幅缩小,但传播风险依然存在,还需继续加大监测和防控力度,加快推进布鲁氏菌病净化。本研究为宁乡市布鲁氏菌病防控提供了数据支撑。     

延平区牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行及防控情况调查

为了解延平区牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行及防控情况,对延平区所有牛羊养殖场(户)和牛羊养殖散户开展抽样调查,采集牛羊血清进行检测并填写调查问卷。血清学检测结果显示,布鲁氏菌病抗体均为阴性;调查问卷分析结果表明,牛场的防控意识和措施要显著强于羊场和牛羊散养户。     

阳谷县布鲁氏菌病基线调查

为掌握阳谷县牛羊养殖结构及布鲁氏菌病流行情况,从而为该病防控提供技术支撑,采用填写调查问卷的方法进行本底调查,了解全县牛羊养殖、调入和免疫情况;采用抽样检测的方法,采集牛羊血清进行琥红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)组合检测,了解牛羊布鲁氏菌病感染情况。结果显示:阳谷县牛羊规模场所占比例为26%,散养户所占比例为74%,集约化程度不高;外地调入为零;牛羊未实施布病免疫;牛羊群中均未检出布鲁氏菌病阳性。结果表明:阳谷县牛羊布鲁氏菌病感染水平极低,利于净化;对其防控,应积极引导牛羊规模场开展国家级或省级牛羊布病净化创建场工作,对散养户应加大布病宣传力度。     

塔城地区牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病血清学调查与风险分析

通过对2011、2012年塔城地区畜群间牛羊布鲁氏菌病进行血清学调查。结果表明,牛的布鲁氏杆菌病阳性率较高,且存在较大的安全隐患,应当引起社会及政府高度重视,制定相应的防治和净化措施。     

云南省昆明市羊布鲁氏菌病血清流行病学调查

为了解云南省昆明市羊布鲁氏菌病流行情况,预判流行趋势,评估疫情发生风险,2017—2019年,根据昆明市家畜布鲁氏菌病监测计划,采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验相结合的方式,对全市14个县区54 470个场次的420 635份未免疫羊血清样品进行抗体检测,并对不同年份、不同养殖方式、不同县区、不同季节的检测数据进行统计分析。结果显示：3 年来共检出阳性血清样品5 489份、阳性场次1 367个,总个体阳性率为1.31%,总群体阳性率为2.51%;2017—2019年,个体阳性率从1.91%下降至0.73%,群体阳性率从3.32%下降至0.84%;规模养殖场个体阳性率和群体阳性率均明显高于散养户（P＜0.05）;羊布鲁氏菌病流行呈散发态势,区域不均衡性明显,在奶山羊较集中的县区以及养殖分散区流行较为严重（P＜0.05）;第一季度的个体阳性率和群体阳性率均明显高于其他季节（P＜0.05）。结果表明,昆明市羊布鲁氏菌病流行逐步得到有效控制,但仍须加强高风险季节、高风险地区以及规模场的监测和净化工作。本调查为昆明市羊布鲁氏菌病的预警预防提供了参考数据,也为昆明市羊布鲁氏菌病防控策略制定提供了依据。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

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Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

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Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.