黑龙江省夏季林火时空分布特点

通过对2000~2004年黑龙江省夏季森林火灾进行研究分析发现,该地区夏季林火呈现明显的空间、时间分布特点。(1)黑龙江省夏季林火只在121°12′~130°16′E和46°53′~53°25′N之间发生过。(2)大兴安岭和黑河地区是黑龙江省夏季林火的主要发生地区,大兴安岭地区的夏季林火火因基本都是雷击火,黑河地区的夏季林火火因主要是烧荒。(3)大兴安岭及黑河地区各个县区夏季林火状况有很大不同。(4)6月是大兴安岭雷击火发生最多的时期,6月15~25日是烧荒引发夏季林火的重点时期。黑龙江省6月15~20日间发生的夏季林火次数最多,明显高于其他时间段,过火面积也最大。7月1~5日及8月20日以后均没有夏季林火发生。(5)黑龙江省夏季林火日变化规律较为明显地分为三个阶段。     

黑龙江省2000-2009年林火规律分析

通过对黑龙江省林火年际变化的分析,总结出林火对森林生态系统的影响规律。黑龙江省10年间发生的林火以人为火为主;林火发生由西北向东南呈带状分布,即林火脆弱带的分布区域为大兴安岭、黑河及伊春部分;10年间森林火灾次数随年际时间呈下降趋势;其年均林火面积在105 hm2附近震荡;森林火灾发生所产生的危害程度,2003年和2006年危害指标最重;10年间森林火灾扑救费用呈现逐年上升的趋势。     

黑河地区夏季林火特点及灭火手段探讨

文章对黑河地区2004～2009年的夏季气象因子进行了分析,指出黑河地区夏季林火具有发生时间相对集中、发生次数呈上升趋势、多发生在偏远山区、主要为地表火、火因主要是人为所致等特点,强调使用直升机、专业机械化部队扑救该地区夏季林火具有优势,效果明显。     

黑龙江省林火规律研究Ⅱ.林火动态与格局影响因素的分析

本文对在大尺度 (5 0 0km2 以上 )上影响黑龙江省林火的因素及其影响途径进行了分析。结果表明 ,年林火次数 (人为火次数 )与林业人口正相关 ,林火面积与人口无关。干燥度的空间差异对林火燃烧率格局有正向影响。林火特征与气候因子之间没有线性关系。黑龙江省林火次数和面积对年均温和降水量的响应可归纳为旋转的单叶双曲面和双叶抛物面两种模式。林火特征的周期与年均温、年降水量的周期关系很大。黑龙江省森林类型对林火次数、面积的影响在省级区划尺度上不显著的。较高的管理水平显著减少林火。林火次数、面积与了望塔数量、消防车数量及通讯覆盖率等无线性关系     

黑龙江省林火规律研究Ⅰ .林火时空动态与分布

根据黑龙江省 1980～ 1999年的林火资料 ,利用地理信息系统等工具 ,对黑龙江省林火时空动态和分布规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,黑龙江省林火可分为 1980～ 1987年的多发段和 1988年以后的低发段。人为火与总林火规律相似 :次数频谱周期为 16、4 5a和 2 3a ,面积频谱周期为 6a。雷击火次数频谱周期为 9 1a和 3 0a左右 ,面积频谱周期为 9 1a。总林火次数和面积显著正相关 ,雷击火的次数与面积不相关。林火主要发生在 4月、5月。人为火面积集中在 3月、4月 ,雷击火面积集中在 5月。林火由西北向东南呈条带状分布 ,西部、西南部和东北部林火较少。有 5个林火多发区。林火面积、平均蔓延速率、持续时间呈对数正态分布 ,具有自组织特点 ,分数维分别是 0 86、1 0 5和 0 6 8。对火频谱周期、自组织性进行了讨论 ,指出自组织函数将林火的时空特性结合在一起 ,采用负幂函数描述时存在适用下限并给出计算公式。对不同区域的自组织分数维进行了比较。对人为引入火烧的适宜强度和频度进行了简单探讨     

黑龙江省林火规律研究I.林火时空动态与分布

根据黑龙江省1980-1999年的林火资料，利用地理信息系统等工具，对黑龙江省林火时空动态和分布规律进行了研究。结果表明，黑龙江省林火可分为1980-1987年的多发段和1988年以后的低发段。人为火与总林火规律相似：次数频谱周期为16、4.5a和2.3a，面积频谱周期为6a。雷击火次数频谱周期为9.1a和3.0a左右，面积频谱周期为9.1a。总林火次数和面积显著正相关，雷击火的次数与面积不相关。林火主要发生在4月、5月。人为火面积集中在3月、4月，雷击火面积集中在5月。林火由西北向东南呈条带状分布，具有自组织特点，分数维分别是0.86、1.05和0.68。对火频谱周期，自组织性进行了讨论，指出自组织函数将林火的时空特性结合在一起，采用负幂函数描述时存在适用下限并给出计算公式。对不同区域的自组织分数维进行了比较。对人为引入火烧的适宜强度和频度进行了简单探讨。     

林火发生情况与气象因素的关系研究

文章收集了塔河1972—2005年的林火及气象资料,对塔河地区近40年林火的发生次数和气象条件进行分析,研究塔河年际气象变化与火灾次数变化的关系,结果表明:降水量越大,分布越均匀,林火越不易发生;风对林火的影响有双重性,在一定范围内,风促进林火的发生和蔓延,超出一定范围会抑制林火的发生;温度的变化与林火发生次数呈正相变化。     

北京房山区林火与地理要素分形特征关系的研究

利用北京市房山区1988—2006年的林火数据,结合背景地理数据,使用数盒子法计算了相关地理要素的分维数,研究了林火发生次数和地理要素分维数之间的关联关系。结果表明,林火次数与居民点和水系分维数变化趋势相反,而与道路和林区的分维数变化趋势相同。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林火与气象因子关系研究

基于内蒙古大兴安岭1990—2019年森林火灾历史档案和同期气象因子的数据,对该地区林火与气象因子间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,林火发生与气象因子间的关系密切。林火发生次数随着温度的升高和降水的减少呈上升趋势;研究区日均相对湿度范围在58%~62%,火灾发生次数最多;林火发生次数与日照时数、日均温、日最高温间均呈显著正相关;过火面积与日均相对湿度间呈显著负相关,与日照时数间呈显著正相关。     

滇西保山地区近年林火特征

从林火发生次数、林火面积、区域分布、时间分布、发生原因等方面对滇西保山地区近年来林火特征进行综合分析,结果表明：20062010年滇西保山地区共发生林火145次,林火面积达242851hm3;林火面积与林火发生次数关系极为密切,且呈高度正相关,相关系数为088,在001水平上具有显著性差异;自然因素以及社会因素的复杂性,导致滇西保山林火具有不均匀性和异质性;科学掌握林火发生的年际规律、月际规律、日际规律和空间分布规律能够为保山地区森林火灾的预测、预报以及安全扑救提供依据。     

Monitor Forest Fires with FY Serial Satellites

Remote sensing as the measure to monitor disasters has the advantage of temporal resolution and large scale. Since "5.6 catastrophe" in 1987, China began to monitor forest fires broadly. In the summer of 2002, many forest/grass fires occurred in the Daxing'anling Mountains, and the damage was very heavy. In the forest fires fighting, the meteorological satellites play an important role in monitoring the fires. Especially the FY serial meteorological satellites have the advantage of large scale monitoring and characteristics of being in time and exact, and get good results. Remote sensing techniques have been used in many aspects of forest/grass fires research, including burned area and fireline intensity evaluation, post fire environment monitoring etc.     

我国2000-2012年夏季森林火灾分布规律

文中介绍了我国2000—2012年森林火灾发生的整体情况,分析了我国夏季森林火灾的时空分布规律。2000一2012年我国森林火灾发生次数年际间大体保持平稳,2003—2005年达到一个较高的峰值,2008年达到最高峰,近几年来则呈下降趋势。夏季森林火灾的发生次数在2000—2007年处于较高水平,尤其是2003年和2006年火灾发生次数最多,而近5年来则处于较低水平并有下降的趋势。我国华中地区和西南地区发生夏季森林火灾次数最多,而东北地区重、特大森林火灾发生最多。我国夏季森林火灾具有等级高、破坏性大、火场面积和受害森林面积较大等特点。     

Changes in soil N and P availability in a Pinus canariensis fire chronosequence

Fire induces changes in ecosystem nutrient regimes and can cause major losses of N and P. Much has been written about the effect of fire on nutrient availability in soil; most studies have been concerned with the short-term effects of shock. The primary objective of our study was to discover the effect of forest fires on long-term N and P availability, for which we used the ion exchange membrane method in a chronosequence of forest fires (1987, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2000 and 2005). The study was conducted on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) in October 2006. We hypothesized that a rapid increase in nutrient availability would occur after the fire, followed by a reduction due to erosion and leaching, and then gradual recovery and an eventual return to initial levels. NH₄-N, NO₃-N and mineral-N availability peaked significantly 1 year after the fire. However, 5 years after the fire the N levels were similar to those found on unburned land. P availability decreased significantly a year after the fire, but gradually recovered over time. The N and P availability ratio increased significantly after the fire, falling during the chronosequence, with the lowest levels found on the unburned land. These results confirm that fire produces (a) a rapid and short-term increase in N availability, without a long-term decline, and (b) a long-term reduction in P availability, which tends to recover over time after the fire.     

武夷山森林火灾发生规律的研究

根据1997~2007年武夷山市森林火灾统计数据,从年、月、日3个时间尺度分析了森林火灾发生的规律。结果表明,武夷山市森林火灾年际间波动较大,具有4年周期性;3月份为森林火灾高发月,其次为7~8月份;一天当中,中午为森林火灾高发时段。引起森林火灾的火源主要是由农业生产用火(35%)和非生产性用火(占33%,主要为吸烟和扫墓)引起的。     

Evaluating vegetation recovery following large-scale forest fires in Borneo and northeastern China using multi-temporal NOAA/AVHRR images

This study evaluated whether a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), derived from 8-km-resolution National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pathfinder AVHRR (advanced very high resolution radiometer) land (PAL) data, is appropriate for monitoring recovery following large-scale forest fires. Recovery processes were examined after fires on the island of Borneo and in northeastern China in 1983 and 1987, respectively. Based on pre- and post-fire NDVI differences (NDVId), six damage classes were established. Post-fire changes in land cover were monitored using (1) the average NDVI of all pixels corresponding to each damage class (A-NDVI) and (2) the ratio of a fire-affected A-NDVI to a non-fire-affected A-NDVI (QNDVI). Burn areas located by an NDVId threshold value were similar to reported burn areas. Both A-NDVI and QNDVI values signaled vegetation recovery, but the QNDVI gave much better results. For both the 1983 Borneo and 1987 northeastern China fires, QNDVI values dropped at the time of the fire and increased for about 4 years afterwards, although a 4-year period is obviously less than the time required for biomass recovery. Trends at the two study sites diverged after this period, however. The QNDVI values for multiple fire events in Borneo (in 1983, 1987, 1991, 1997, and 1998) showed that recovery times varied with the size of the burn area, but not with the damage class of the same event, whereas the severe-class QNDVI values for the fire in northeastern China in 1987 were still lower than the control value 10 years after the fire.     

Southeast Tibet Forest Fire Environment and Fire Behavior

With the influence of the world scope human being to the forest and climatic anomalies, forest fires in the world show the trend of escalation. US, Australia, Russia and Indonesia one after another had forest fires that were above 1 million hectares (ha). Impacted by the whole world forest fires situation, forest fires in China are very serious in the recent years. Forest fires in northeast and southwest China are unceasing, and the distribution of forest fires has the tendency to move south…     

Southeast Tibet Forest Fuel Types and Flammability

Southeast Tibet forest is in east subtropical zone. This region natural environment is unique, influenced by the southwest monsoon, so forest fires are very easy to occur in the dry season. Forest in this region is over mature forest, and accounts for much proportion. Fire season in this area is winter and spring. But in the special year, forest fires can also occur in the hot summer. Fire season lasts from October to next February,but to April in an individual arid year. Most of the fires in this area are surface fires, crown fire, can occur after long time drought. Ground fires do not occur in the region.     

曲靖市森林火灾发生规律及消防对策

介绍曲靖市1987年以来森林火灾发生情况,分析森林火灾发生的季节性、日内森林火灾发生规律及火源发生情况.提出了提高认识,加强领导;多方筹资,增加投入;加强专业扑火队伍建设;利用"3S"技术提高森林防火水平;建设防火隔离带;开展计划烧除;完善防火设施建设;强化宣传教育;严格火源管理等对策措施.