RNAi沉默接触蛋白-1对犬乳腺肿细胞系CHMm增殖及迁移的影响

为探究接触蛋白-1(CNTN1)对体外培养的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm增殖及迁移能力的影响,本研究利用RNAi技术沉默CNNT1基因在犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm细胞中的表达,采用CCK8法检测CHMm细胞增殖能力、细胞划痕法检测CHMm细胞迁移能力,western blot检测CHMm细胞中E-cadherin蛋白含量。结果显示CNTN1沉默后,对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm增殖无明显影响,但能够导致使细胞迁移能力显著减弱,细胞中E-cadherin蛋白含量明显增加。研究表明CNTN1对犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm增殖调节无明显作用,对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm作用主要是通过降低E-cadherin蛋白的表达增强体外培养的肿瘤细胞迁移力,为犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供新的靶点。     

二甲双胍对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞周期及其相关蛋白的影响

为研究二甲双胍对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响,以犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm和CHMp为模型,采用终浓度为0、5、10、20、40mmol/L二甲双胍对其进行干预,应用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布比例,再通过Western blot检测细胞周期相关蛋白cyclin D1和p27的表达情况。二甲双胍作用48 h后,与对照组比较,CHMm细胞试验各组的成活率显著降低(P0.05),而CHMp细胞除了5 mmol/L组(P0.05),其他试验各组的成活率也显著低于对照组(P0.05),并且均呈现一定的浓度依赖性。流式细胞仪分析细胞分布比例发现,CHMm的G0/G1期细胞比例从(38.7±5.89)%增加到(70.36±5.78)%,CHMp的G0/G1期细胞比例也从(37.03±4.23)%增加到(54.92±4.67)%。随着二甲双胍作用浓度的增加,CHMm和CHMp细胞内cyclin D1表达量呈现减少的趋势,而p27表达量呈现上升的趋势。研究结果表明,二甲双胍可以抑制犬乳腺肿瘤细胞体外增殖能力,诱导细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞,并下调cyclin D1和上调p27细胞周期相关蛋白表达量,从而为犬乳腺肿瘤治疗提供一定的理论基础。     

GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞上皮间质转化的影响

探讨Zeste基因增强子同源物2(enhancer of Zeste homolog 2,EZH2)抑制剂GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡及上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)的影响。取对数生长期的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞(canine mammary tumor cells, CHMm cells),将不同浓度的EZH2抑制剂GSK126(0、10、20、40μmol·L^-1)作用于体外培养CHMm细胞后，培养48 h,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)和细胞克隆形成试验检测细胞增殖能力，Transwell法检测细胞迁移能力变化，Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡能力，qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测CHMm细胞中凋亡相关因子Bcl-2和Bax、上皮间质标志物E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin、EZH2 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量。结果显示：与对照组相比，GSK126对CHMm细胞的增殖及迁移具有明显抑制作用，呈明显的剂量依赖性；与对照组相比...     

顺铂诱导体外犬乳腺肿瘤细胞凋亡影响

为研究顺铂诱导体外犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp凋亡影响,本试验采用不同浓度的顺铂以不同作用时间处理细胞,用MTT法检测细胞活性,通过透射电镜观察CHMp细胞形态学变化,用流式细胞仪研究CHMp细胞凋亡和周期。结果显示,CHMp细胞生长受浓度和时间双重依赖,浓度越高,时间越长,抑制越明显,在电镜下观察细胞出现明显的凋亡形态,同时5μmol/L顺铂作用24 h后细胞阻滞于G1/S期,比例高达75.12%。结果表明,顺铂能抑制CHMp增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞G1/S期。     

PTEN基因过表达对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm增殖及Bcl-2、Bax基因调控的影响

为探讨过表达的第10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白基因(PTEN)对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系(CHMm)增殖及Bcl-2、Bax基因的影响,本研究构建了PTEN表达质粒pc DNA-PTEN,采用脂质体转染法将其导入CHMm细胞系,采用western blot检测PTEN蛋白表达情况,CCK-8法检测CHMm细胞增殖情况,荧光定量PCR检测Bcl-2和Bax的基因表达情况。结果显示,转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组的PTEN蛋白表达水平显著高于空载体组和未转染组;转染PTEN细胞组的细胞增殖显著低于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05);转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组Bcl-2的m RNA表达水平显著低于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05);转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组Bax的m RNA表达水平显著高于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05)。本实验将PTEN基因导入犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系(CHMm),抑制犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖,为寻找乳腺肿瘤基因治疗新方法提供依据。     

SOX2敲低对犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm细胞增殖和迁移的影响

为探究SOX2对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm增殖及迁移能力的影响,采用脂质体将siRNA转染至犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm降低其SOX2的表达,采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力,Transwell小室迁移试验检测细胞的迁移能力,Western blot检测NF2和YAP的表达。结果表明,成功建立了SOX2敲低的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞模型,敲低SOX2的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞的增殖能力和迁移能力均显著降低(P<0.05);敲低SOX2的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞中NF2的表达显著升高(P<0.05),Hippo信号通路下游效应分子YAP的表达显著降低(P<0.05)。说明SOX2可通过NF2/YAP影响犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移,进一步阐明了SOX2在肿瘤发生中的作用机制。     

鸡TGFβ1对MDCC-MSB1细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移与侵袭的影响

旨在探讨鸡TGFβ1对MDCC-MSB1细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移与侵袭的影响。作者将构建的鸡TGFβ1过表达载体、干扰表达载体以及相应阴性对照转染MDCC-MSB1细胞,然后检测转染后各组细胞鸡TGFβ1的表达水平、细胞增殖能力、细胞周期与凋亡,细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。结果显示,与相应阴性对照相比,转染TGFβ1过表达质粒可显著上调MDCC-MSB1细胞的TGFβ1表达水平,显著抑制MDCC-MSB1细胞的增殖,且使G1期细胞增加、S和G2期细胞减少,同时增加细胞凋亡率,降低细胞的迁移与侵袭能力;转染TGFβ1干扰表达质粒可显著下调MDCC-MSB1细胞的TGFβ1表达水平,显著促进MDCC-MSB1细胞的增殖,G1期细胞减少、S和G2期细胞增加,同时降低细胞凋亡率,增加细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。结果表明,鸡TGFβ1可抑制MDCC-MSB1细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭,促进其凋亡。     

敲低SQLE基因对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

为了探讨角鲨烯环氧酶(squalene epoxidase,SQLE)基因对体外培养奶牛乳腺细胞凋亡及增殖的影响,本研究用RNAi技术敲低奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中SQLE基因;用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中SQLE基因及凋亡和周期相关基因的表达;用CCK-8法检测其对细胞增殖的影响;用周期和凋亡检测试剂盒筛选细胞,用流式细胞术准确计数处于不同周期的细胞数和凋亡细胞数。结果显示,奶牛乳腺上皮细胞转染siRNA后,SQLE基因相对表达量显著下降(P0.05),细胞增殖受到极显著抑制(P0.01);G1期细胞数量显著下降(P0.05),G2期细胞数量没有显著性改变,S期细胞数量显著上升(P0.05);肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员6(又称Fas或CD5)的相对表达量显著上升(P0.05),细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1B(cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B,P27)相对表达量显著上升(P0.05),而细胞周期素D1(Cyclin D1)、B淋巴细胞瘤因子2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1A(cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A,P21)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X,apoptosis regulator,Bax)显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,敲低SQLE基因通过调节相关基因的表达抑制乳腺上皮细胞的增殖。     

猪伪狂犬病毒感染PK15细胞对细胞凋亡及相关凋亡因子的影响

为研究PRV感染PK-15细胞对其细胞凋亡及相关凋亡因子的影响,本试验采用体外细胞培养技术在不同时间点收集细胞、应用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞的增殖活性、流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率、实时荧光定量PCR法检测凋亡相关基因caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bax和Bcl-xl的表达情况。结果显示,PRV感染24 h后可明显抑制细胞的增殖,这种抑制与时间密切相关,与感染剂量无显著差异。流式细胞仪检测也显示PRV能明显提高其凋亡率,PT-PCR显示PRV感染后caspase-3,Bax表达量明显上调,Bcl-xl,Bcl-2表达量明显下调。结果表明,PRV在感染过程中对细胞的生长的影响与时间紧密联系,能够诱发细胞凋亡,Bax,Bcl-2,Bcl-xl,caspase-3,起着重要的调控作用。     

受体相互作用蛋白1(RIP1)对BCG诱导小鼠巨噬细胞凋亡的调控作用

旨在通过构建受体相互作用蛋白1(RIP1)腺病毒干扰载体,研究其对BCG诱导的RAW264.7细胞凋亡相关指标的影响,以探讨其在BCG诱导RAW264.7凋亡过程中的调控作用。笔者构建RIP1腺病毒干扰载体,并转染感染BCG的小鼠RAW264.7细胞系,利用流式细胞仪检测各处理细胞凋亡率、细胞线粒体膜电位、细胞活性氧水平及细胞周期等指标,并用Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果显示:BCG感染显著上调了RIP1的蛋白表达水平并提高了小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的凋亡率,当RIP1被干扰后,BCG感染后的RAW264.7细胞凋亡率和活性氧水平显著降低,而促凋亡蛋白Bax表达量显著下调,线粒体膜电位和抑凋亡蛋白表达量上调。同时,BCG感染后细胞周期滞留于G_1期。BCG感染可有效上调RIP1表达量并诱导RAW264.7细胞凋亡。RIP1通过下调BCG感染后RAW264.7细胞的线粒体膜电位,上调活性氧含量并提高凋亡相关蛋白Bax/Bcl-2比值,使细胞周期阻滞于G_1期从而参与诱导细胞凋亡。     

Of humans and canines: Immunohistochemical analysis of PCNA, Bcl-2, p53, cytokeratin and ER in mammary tumours

Mammary tumours are the most common neoplasms in humans and canines. Human and canine mammary tumours share several important epidemiological, clinicopathological and biochemical features. Development of mammary tumours involves accumulation of mutant cells caused by excessive proliferation and insufficient apoptosis or dysregulation of cellular differentiation. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the expression of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis associated proteins together with expression of estrogen receptors (ER) in both human and canine mammary tumours. Thirty breast cancer patients categorized as pre- and postmenopausal, and 30 mammary gland tumours obtained from bitches were included in this study. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, p53, cytokeratin and ER in tumour tissues and adjacent tissues were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. While the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2, p53 and ER was significantly increased, expression of cytokeratin was significantly lower in both human as well as canine mammary tumours compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. The magnitude of the changes was however more pronounced in premenopausal patients compared to postmenopausal patients. The changes in proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation associated proteins in human and canine mammary tumours validate use of the canine model to understand the molecular mechanisms of mammary carcinogenesis.     

The effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the Bcl-2 gene on apoptosis and chemosensitivity in a canine mammary gland tumor cell line

The aim of this study was to investigate whether downregulation of Bcl-2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the canine Bcl-2 gene would enhance the apoptosis and sensitivity of a canine mammary gland tumor cell line (CF33) to doxorubicin. Transfections of CF33 with siRNA were performed using cationic liposomes. Sequence-specific downregulation of Bcl-2 expression was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Total viable cells were determined by MTS assay and apoptotic cell rates were determined by the immunohistochemical analysis on ssDNA. Our data showed the siRNA downregulated Bcl-2 expression which increased apotosis and also increased the sensitivity of CF33 to doxorubicin. This study indicated that downregulation of Bcl-2 expression by siRNA would be useful as a new protocol to increase the effect of doxorubicin on treatment of canine mammary gland tumors, requiring a detailed evaluation of siRNA in vivo.     

Characterization of spheres derived from canine mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell lines

There is increasing evidence for the presence of cancer stem cells in several solid tumors, and these cancer stem cells have a potential role in tumor initiation, aggression, and recurrence. The stem cell-like properties of spheres derived from canine mammary tumors remain largely elusive. We attempted to induce sphere formation using four cell lines of canine mammary adenocarcinoma, and characterized the spheres derived from a CHMp line in vitro and in vivo. The CHMp-derived spheres showed predominantly CD44⁺CD24⁻ population, higher expression of stem cell-related genes, such as CD133, Notch3 and MDR, and higher resistance to doxorubicin compared with the CHMp-derived adherent cells. Xenograft transplantations in nude mice demonstrated that only 1 × 10⁴ sphere cells were sufficient for tumor formation. Use of the sphere assay on these sphere-derived tumors showed that sphere-forming cells were present in the tumors, and were maintained in serial transplantation. We propose that spheres derived from canine mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines possess a potential characteristic of cancer stem cells. Spheres derived from canine mammary tumors could be a powerful tool with which to investigate novel therapeutic drugs and to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie tumorigenesis.     

Relationship between receptors for insulin-like growth factor- I, steroid hormones and apoptosis-associated proteins in canine mammary tumors

In the veterinary literature there are few data concerning the expression of insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-IR) in the canine mammary gland tumors. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of IGF-IR expression and its correlation to the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR), proteins: Bcl-2, Bax, p53 in canine mammary gland tumors, and also a correlation with other features: bitch's age, tumor diameter, histologic type of tumor, degree of histologic malignancy, proliferate activity. The study was done on 112 epithelial neoplasms: 21 (19%) were adenoma, 38 (34%) complex carcinoma (adenocarcinoma), 47 (42%) simple carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) and 6 (5%) solid carcinoma. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods were employed. It was shown that more common and/or higher IGF-IR expression in cells of canine mammary gland tumors was related to the histologic type of cancer of worse prognostic (solid and simple carcinoma), high histologic degree of malignancy (III degrees) but the statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences. We observed the high degree of IGF-IR expression in tumors which displayed the high ERalpha and PR expression. These results suggest the involvement of IGF-IR in the development of hormonosensitive canine mammary tumors. Additionally, the significant positive correlation between expression of IGF-IR and p53, Bax was found. Our study provides some evidence that interactions exist between the IGF-IR and these apoptosis-associated proteins may contribute to the development and progression of canine mammary gland tumors. These results require further investigations.     

氯丙嗪对大鼠离体培养卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

本试验旨在通过氯丙嗪对颗粒细胞凋亡影响的研究,探讨氯丙嗪对雌性大鼠性腺毒性的作用机制。对未成熟的Wistar大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞进行原代培养,用不同浓度的氯丙嗪(0、0.1、1、10 μmol/L)染毒细胞,细胞培养24 h。染毒结束后采用MTT法检测细胞相对活力,荧光染料Hoechest 33258检测颗粒细胞的凋亡变化,RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Bax、Bcl-2和P53 mRNA的表达。在本试验所设置的剂量范围内,与对照组比较,氯丙嗪能极显著促进颗粒细胞凋亡(P＜0.01),呈浓度依赖关系;RT-PCR检测则显示氯丙嗪能引起Bcl-2、Bax、P53 mRNA表达水平和Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA值升高,除低剂量组的Bax mRNA表达水平和Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA值无明显改变外,其余各组与对照组相比均差异极显著(P＜0.01)。氯丙嗪可显著抑制大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞活力,诱导颗粒细胞凋亡。     

The antiproliferative effect of bovine lactoferrin on canine mammary gland tumor cells

Lactoferrin has several biological activities, including antitumor activities in some human and animal tumor cells. Clinical trials have been carried out in human medicine based on these effects. However, the antitumor effects of lactoferrin in veterinary medicine remain unknown. In this in vitro study, we demonstrated that co-incubation of canine mammary gland tumor cells (CIPp and CHMp) and bovine lactoferrin induced growth arrest of tumor cells. This growth arrest was associated with induction of G1 arrest. Furthermore, this effect was stronger in tumor cells than in normal cells. These findings demonstrate that bovine lactoferrin has anti-tumor activity in canine mammary tumors and has the potential for use in tumor-bearing dogs.     

复方苦芩对犬细小病毒致肠黏膜细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响

将犬分为空白对照组、模型组、复方苦芩预防组、复方苦芩治疗组,用犬细小病毒接种建立动物模型,复方苦芩防治犬细小病毒病,然后取样,光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察十二指肠黏膜细胞的病变和细胞凋亡,逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）法检测Bcl-2和Bax基因的mRNA表达。结果显示,与空白对照组比较,模型组犬十二指肠黏膜病变及炎细胞浸润,电镜下可见细胞收缩,核浓缩,深染,线粒体肿胀空化,细胞Bcl-2基因表达下调,Bax基因表达增加。与模型组相比,复方苦芩防治组肠黏膜病变轻,超微结构变化不明显,细胞Bax基因表达下调,Bcl-2基因表达上调。结果表明,复方苦芩可能是通过促进黏膜上皮细胞的增殖与恢复,调节Bcl-2,Bax基因表达,抑制犬细小病毒引起的十二指肠黏膜超微结构改变和细胞凋亡,而对细小病毒病犬的十二指肠组织结构起保护和促进恢复作用。