江苏及周边地区鸭致病性大肠杆菌血清型、毒力因子及耐药研究

本研究旨在明确江苏及周边地区鸭禽致病性大肠杆菌（avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC）的血清型、毒力基因分布和耐药性之间的相关性,以期为APEC的防控提供依据。从江苏省及周边养鸭场分离了191株APEC,并对其中21株（每个养殖场选取1株）的O抗原血清型、毒力基因分布和耐药性进行检测。对21株APEC的血清型检测结果表明,O65血清型12株,占全部菌株的57.14%,O5、O28、O42、O87、O93、O138、O147血清型均为1株,其他血清型2株;毒力基因检测结果表明,5个毒力基因有较高的分布率,其中fimA基因的阳性率为100%,ECs3737、ECs3703、tsh和irp2基因的阳性率分别为90.5%、85.7%、57.1%和42.9%,含有5个毒力基因的菌株共有6株（28.57%）;药敏试验结果表明,21株APEC均存在多重耐药性,100%的分离菌株对恩诺沙星、强力霉素、万古霉素和红霉素耐药,85.71%的分离株对10种以上抗生素耐药,14.29%的菌株对21种药物都耐药;对血清型、毒力基因分布和耐药性之间的关系分析表明,含有4种以上毒力基因的菌株有13株,其中9株是O65血清型。在13株含有4种以上毒力基因的菌株中,耐15种药物以上的有9株（69.23%）,耐20种以上药物的有3株（23.08%）,表明含有4种以上毒力基因的菌株多重耐药现象严重。研究表明,江苏及周边地区鸭源大肠杆菌血清型复杂,携带多种毒力基因,耐药性严重。     

鸭致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定及其相关致病性分析

为研究鸭大肠杆菌的致病性及相关生物特性,本试验从西昌市某规模化鸭场采集病料,通过传统分离培养及理化性质鉴定,分离得到27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌。对27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌进行血清型鉴定、药敏试验、相关毒力基因检测。血清型鉴定结果显示,优势血清型为O119、O86、O126、O142和O44,占分离株55.56%。血清型O119占27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌的40.74%,为该鸭场流行的致病血清型。对20种兽医临床常用药物的药敏试验结果显示,27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌均对阿米卡星、庆大霉素和多黏菌素B敏感,对头孢曲松等10种药物较敏感,对利福平等5种药物耐受。大肠杆菌相关毒力基因检测结果显示, iutA、hlyF、Iss、IroN、ompT、fyuA、irp 2、Tsh及papA基因携带率均为100.00%, fimC基因携带率59.26%, K 99基因携带率7.40%。各项研究结果为有效防控鸭大肠杆菌病提供了重要科学依据,并为大肠杆菌深入研究奠定了基础。     

仔猪腹泻致病性大肠杆菌分型鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解贵州省规模化养猪场腹泻仔猪致病性大肠杆菌流行情况及耐药性变化,本研究运用凝集试验、PCR和药敏纸片琼脂扩散法等方法对分离的78株致病性大肠杆菌进行血清型、毒力基因及耐药性分析。结果显示,78株致病性大肠杆菌以O138、O87血清型为主,占定型菌株的60.8%;其中62株致病性大肠杆菌检出毒力基因,检出率为79.5%,可分为8种毒力基因类型,分属肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）、肠产毒性大肠杆菌（ETEC）和肠聚集性大肠杆菌（EAEC）,毒力基因eaeA、elt和escV检出率较高,分别为38.5%、28.2%和21.8%;分离到的致病性大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物高度耐药,均为多重耐药株,耐药种类可达8种以上。结果表明,当前贵州省规模化养猪场腹泻仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的毒力基因检出率较高且基因型复杂,耐药性严重。本试验结果可为规模化养猪场防控仔猪腹泻提供基础资料及理论依据。     

仔猪腹泻致病性大肠杆菌分型鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解贵州省规模化养猪场腹泻仔猪致病性大肠杆菌流行情况及耐药性变化,本研究运用凝集试验、PCR和药敏纸片琼脂扩散法等方法对分离的78株致病性大肠杆菌进行血清型、毒力基因及耐药性分析。结果显示,78株致病性大肠杆菌以O138、O87血清型为主,占定型菌株的60.8%;其中62株致病性大肠杆菌检出毒力基因,检出率为79.5%,可分为8种毒力基因类型,分属肠致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)、肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)和肠聚集性大肠杆菌(EAEC),毒力基因eaeA、elt和escV检出率较高,分别为38.5%、28.2%和21.8%;分离到的致病性大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物高度耐药,均为多重耐药株,耐药种类可达8种以上。结果表明,当前贵州省规模化养猪场腹泻仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的毒力基因检出率较高且基因型复杂,耐药性严重。本试验结果可为规模化养猪场防控仔猪腹泻提供基础资料及理论依据。     

羊源大肠杆菌血清型鉴定、毒力基因检测及耐药性分析

为分析内蒙古扎兰屯地区羊源大肠杆菌血清型分布、毒力基因及耐药性流行情况,采集患羊鼻腔拭子150份,分离大肠杆菌,并采用O血清型玻板凝集试验、PCR法和K-B药敏纸片法对分离的大肠杆菌致病菌株进行血清型、毒力基因及耐药性检测。结果显示, 45株大肠杆菌致病菌株分属10种血清型,以O111、O127、 O38为流行的优势血清型,分别占致病菌株的26.7%、22.2%和17.8%;分离菌株毒力基因irp2、fyuA、hlyA、hlyE、Ler、eaeA、Ehly检出率在33.3%以上,其他毒力基因检出率在4.4%～14.3%之间;分离菌株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、新霉素9种药物耐药率在53.3%以上,对其他药物的耐药率在13.3%～26.7%之间。研究表明,内蒙古扎兰屯地区羊源大肠杆菌血清型复杂,携带多种毒力基因,耐药性严重。     

鸭源大肠杆菌耐药表型及耐药基因分析

为了解鸭致病性大肠杆菌耐药表型及耐药基因的情况,选取信阳地区分离的11株致病性大肠杆菌,采用药敏纸片法对17种抗菌药物进行药敏试验,并对29种耐药基因进行PCR检测。结果显示:11株鸭源致病性大肠杆菌均表现为多重耐药,耐6、8、9种药物的现象最为普遍。在检测的29种耐药基因中,最为流行的基因是AacC4和FloR基因,两种基因检出率均为100%。耐药基因与相关耐药菌株检出率基本呈正相关。表明11株鸭源致病性大肠杆菌耐药性高,耐药谱广,携带耐药基因现象普遍,结果为鸭致病性大肠杆菌的耐药现状与临床用药提供理论指导。     

福建省龙岩市禽致病性大肠杆菌的血清型、毒力因子及耐药研究

本研究对2015年分离自福建省龙岩市的139株禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)的血清型、毒力因子分布及耐药性等进行检测,并对血清型与耐药性、毒力因子分布和耐药性之间的相关性进行分析,以期为APEC的防控提供参考。对139株分离菌株的血清型检测结果表明,O1血清型(11株)、O2血清型(14株)和O78血清型(14株)占全部菌株的28%;对分离菌株毒力基因检测结果表明,4%和7.1%的菌株检测到papC基因和vat基因,14.3%和19.3%的菌株检测到aat A基因和cva/cvi基因。而iuc D(82%)、tsh(59%)、iss(55%)和irp2(44.6%)基因在分离菌株中具有较高的检出率;药敏实验结果表明,分离株存在多重耐药性,99%以上分离菌株对红霉素、克林霉素和利福平耐受,86%的分离菌株对10种以上抗生素耐受,57.3%的菌株对13种药物都耐受;对血清型、耐药性与致病性之间的分析结果表明,分离的O1、O2和O78血清型的菌株,其中50%的菌株是含有5种以上毒力基因的强毒株,且在分离的含有5种以上毒力基因的强毒株中,50%的菌株对13种抗生素耐受,90%的菌株对10种以上药物耐受。     

鸭源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及致病性分析

【目的】 了解江苏、江西、安徽地区鸭源大肠杆菌的分布以及致病性情况。【方法】 本研究对江苏、江西、安徽地区的病死鸭进行了鸭源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定,运用PCR结合玻片凝集法测定鸭源大肠杆菌分离株的血清型,并进行了18种毒力基因的PCR检测,随后进行雏鸭致病性试验,并对毒力较强和毒力较弱的菌株进行生长曲线以及半数致死量(LD₅₀)测定。【结果】 本研究共分离鉴定获得鸭源大肠杆菌74株,鉴定为O1、O2、O18、O78血清型的分别有1、2、2和4株,其余均未定型;18种毒力基因鉴定结果表明,ibeB、yijp、OmpA和mat基因检出率分别为97.3%、97.3%、95.95%和90.54%。动物致病性试验结果表明,经10⁷ CFU/只攻毒后,74株分离株均引起雏鸭不同程度发病,但仅有2株对雏鸭致死率≥50%。生长曲线测定结果表明,2株强毒株与2株弱毒株的生长速度无显著差异(P>0.05),2株强毒株的LD₅₀分别为10^4.75和10^7.375 CFU。【结论】 本研究分离的74株鸭源大肠杆菌O1、O2、O18和O78型仅占12.16%,毒力基因谱分布广泛,但仅有2株毒力较强,该研究为鸭源大肠杆菌病的预防控制以及研究血清型、毒力基因与致病性之间的相互关系奠定基础。     

临床腹泻肉羊源大肠杆菌流行病学调查及耐药性分析

为了了解江苏省肉羊腹泻源致病性大肠杆菌毒力基因分布情况,并与相应的大肠杆菌O抗原型进行比较和分析其耐药性,试验采集江苏省部分地区24个肉羊养殖场临床腹泻样品75份,运用PCR技术、玻板凝集试验和药敏纸片琼脂扩散法对56株致病性大肠杆菌分离株进行毒力基因、血清型及耐药性分析。结果表明:56株分离株可分为11种不同毒力因子组合,O73为优势血清型。致病性大肠杆菌分离株对磷霉素、多黏菌素B比较敏感,敏感比例分别为85.71%、76.79%。耐药性最强的是强力霉素,耐药比例为94.64%;其次是四环素,耐药比例为78.57%。说明目前江苏省规模化肉羊养殖场致病性大肠杆菌的毒力基因检出率较高且基因型复杂,耐药性严重。     

死胎流产的蓝狐体内检出致病性大肠杆菌

2015年4月,唐山地区不同的养殖场蓝狐出现了死胎、流产,无菌采集流产蓝狐阴道分泌物、死胎等病料组织,PCR检测阿留申病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、犬瘟热病毒均为阴性,通过形态学观察、培养特性、生化试验和16SrRNA等方法,鉴定出5株大肠杆菌。对分离的5株大肠杆菌进行动物致病性试验、血清型及毒力基因检测。结果表明,5株大肠杆菌分离菌株均对怀孕的小鼠和蓝狐有致病性;分离的5株致病性大肠杆菌属于3个不同血清型(O89、O3、O38),其中O89为流行血清型;毒力基因fuyA、irp2、papC、fimC、iucDa、vat的检出率分别为100%,80%,60%,80%,60%,60%,其中,毒力基因iutA、Ler、eaeA均未检出,致病性大肠杆菌流行血清型O89分离菌株同时携带6个毒力基因。药敏试验结果显示,5株致病性大肠杆菌均对丁胺卡那霉素、大观霉素、氟苯尼考3种药物敏感,对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢曲松、庆大霉素、诺氟沙星等药物中度敏感,对其他的药物存在不同耐药性。本研究为河北唐山地区的蓝狐死胎流产的防治提供基础。     

Detection of Serotypes and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli from Piglets in Beijing

To investigate the cause of piglets diarrhea, and the distribution of the serotype and virulence factors of swine Escherichia coli in Beijing, 400 diarrhea samples were collected. TSA serum agar culture method was used to isolate Escherichia coli, serotype identification test and virulence factor genes test were used to verify the presence of O-antigen. 64 strains of E.coli were isolated from 400 diarrhea samples, among which 42 strains of E.coli were classified as 8 serotypes:O101(18.7%),O64(12.5%),O8(10.9%),O20(10.9%),O45(4.7%),O149(4.7%),O2(1.6%) and O89(1.6%), and the major virulence factors were STa, Stx2e, astA and eaeA. There were 8 mainly serotypes that caused piglets diarrhea in Beijing area, among which O101 serotype accounted for the highest proportion. The major virulence factors were astA and eaeA, accounted for more than 50% of all strains, STa and Stx2e accounted for more than 30% of all strains. These data would provide effective data to support the prevention and control of piglet diarrhea in Beijing.     

Serotypes,Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance of Duck Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Jiangsu Province and Its Surrounding Areas

In this study,191 strains of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) were isolated from duck farms in and around Jiangsu province.The serotype,virulence gene distribution and drug resistance of 21 strains (one from each farm) were detected,and the correlation between serotype,virulence gene distribution and drug resistance was analyzed,in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of APEC.The serotypes of 21 APEC strains showed that there were 12 strains of O65,accounting for 57.14% of all strains.The results of virulence gene detection showed that 5 virulence genes had a high distribution rate,among which the positive rate of fimA gene was 100%,and the positive rates of ECs3737,ECs3703,tsh and irp2 genes were 90.5%,85.7%,57.1% and 42.9%,respectively.There were 6 strains (28.57%) with five virulence genes.The results of drug sensitivity test showed that 21 APEC strains had multiple drug resistance,and 100% strains were resistant to enrofloxacin,doxycycline,vancomycin and erythromycin.Among all the strains,85.71% and 14.29% were resistant to more than 10 and 21 kinds of drugs,respectively.The relationship among serotypes,virulence gene distribution and drug resistance showed that there were 13 strains with more than 4 virulence genes,9 of which were O65 serotypes.Among the 13 strains with more than 4 virulence genes,9 strains (69.23%) were resistant to more than 15 drugs,and 3 strains (23.08%) were resistant to more than 20 drugs.The results showed that the serotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from ducks in Jiangsu province and its surrounding areas were complex,carrying a variety of virulence genes,and the drug resistance was serious.     

北京地区仔猪大肠杆菌血清型鉴定及其毒力因子检测

本试验旨在调查北京地区仔猪腹泻的原因及猪源大肠杆菌血清型、毒力因子的分布情况。收集北京京郊地区仔猪腹泻样本400份,应用含2%血清的TSA培养基分离大肠杆菌,通过血清型鉴定试验和毒力因子检测验证O抗原。结果显示,400份样本中分离到64株大肠杆菌,定型42株。其主要为O101型（18.7%）、O64型（12.5%）、O8型（10.9%）、O20型（10.9%）、O45型（4.7%）、O149型（4.7%）、O2型（1.6%）、O89型（1.6%）8种血清型,其携带的毒力因子为STa、Stx2e、astA和eaeA等。结果表明,引起京郊仔猪腹泻的大肠杆菌主要有8个血清型,其中O101型发病比例最高。其携带的毒力因子主要为astA和eaeA,占全部菌株的50%以上,STa和Stx2e因子占全部菌株的30%以上。本试验结果将为今后京郊地区仔猪腹泻病的防控提供有效的数据支持。     

新疆北疆地区致犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及部分生物学特性

为研究确定新疆北疆地区规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻病原性大肠杆菌的优势血清型、致病性及毒力因子特征。采用细菌学、免疫学及分子生物学的方法对从新疆呼图壁、石河子、奎屯3个主要奶牛生产基地14个规模化奶牛场10日龄内腹泻犊牛直肠棉拭子样品进行了大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定、O血清群、黏附素及肠毒素的测定。结果从302份样品中分离并经生化鉴定获得180株呈β溶血的大肠埃希菌,其中94株对小鼠有致病性;对其中53株代表菌株的O血清型、黏附素及肠毒素测定,结果为8株携带K99菌毛及STa毒素基因,6株携带F41茵毛基因,6株产生LT毒素;28株分离株分布于16个O血清型,其中O101,O6,O114,O78为优势血清型,占被测菌株的50％。结果表明,新疆北疆主要奶牛养殖区致犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌是以携带K99、F41和产ST的溶血性大肠杆菌为主,其研究结果为犊牛大肠杆菌性腹泻的免疫防治提供病原学依据。     

山东省部分地区禽源致病性大肠杆菌的血清流行病学调查与耐药性检测

为调查山东省禽源致病性大肠杆菌流行的血清型及耐药性,从山东部分地区的45家养禽场分离到致病性大肠杆菌96株,应用微量平板凝集试验进行了血清型鉴定,共鉴定出18种血清型,其中优势血清型6种,分别为O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O88,占定型致病性菌株的64％。抗菌药物敏感性试验发现,96株大肠杆菌对20种药物有不同程度的耐药性。75％以上的菌株对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、土霉素等5种抗菌药耐药,50％以上的菌株对卡那霉素、多西环素、环丙沙星等7种抗菌药表现为耐药;所有分离株存在多重耐药现象,75％的受检菌对9种或9种以上的被测药物耐药。结果表明,O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O886种血清型是山东省部分地区近年来禽源致病性大肠杆菌的优势血清型,且禽源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药现象严重,有必要加强耐药性检测,以指导兽医临床合理使用抗菌药物。     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Interstinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Isolated from Diarrhea Piglets

In order to find out the serotype, resistant phenotype and genotype of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in piglets, this study collected 128 samples of diarrhea piglets from seven large-scale pig farms in five cities in Guizhou province, and the E. coli and Salmonella were isolated and identified. The pathogenicity of the strain was identified by animal test. The drug resistance of the main pathogen was tested by drug susceptibility paper. The resistance gene of each pathogen was detected by PCR. The drug resistance and genotype correlation of the bacterial were analyzed. The results showed that 78 strains of pathogenic E. coli and 21 strains of Salmonella were isolated and identified in this study. The serotypes of pathogenic E. coli were predominantly O138 and O87. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were predominant serotypes. The susceptibility test showed that the resistant strains of 78 strains of E. coli were more than 80% resistant to β-lactams and more than 40% for other antibacterials. The resistance rate of 21 strains of Salmonella to aminoglycosides was more than 50% and more than 20% to other types of antibacterials; 12 and 10 kinds of drug resistance-related genes of E. coli and Salmonella were detected, respectively; The coincidence rate of resistant genotype and phenotype of two kinds of bacteria were above 60%, and both were multiple drug resistance. This study provided a theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and control of piglets diarrhea.     

腹泻仔猪肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定与耐药性研究

为探明仔猪细菌性腹泻肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌流行的血清型、耐药表型及耐药基因型,本试验采集了贵州省5个地（州）市7个规模化养猪场的128份腹泻仔猪肠道样本,并对采集的样本进行了大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌分离与鉴定,通过动物试验鉴定菌株的致病性,利用血清学方法鉴定其血清型,并通过药敏纸片法对主要致病菌进行耐药性研究,采用PCR技术检测各致病菌株耐药相关基因,分析细菌耐药表型和耐药基因型相关性。结果显示,本研究共分离鉴定到78株致病性大肠埃希氏菌与21株沙门氏菌,致病性大肠埃希氏菌血清型以O138、O87为主,沙门氏菌血清型以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌居多;药敏试验结果表明,本试验分离到的78株致病性大肠埃希氏菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药率达80%以上,对其他种类的抗菌药耐药率均超过40%,分离鉴定的21株沙门氏菌对氨基糖苷类药物耐药率达50%以上,对其他种类的抗菌药耐药率均达20%以上;本试验分离鉴定的致病性大肠埃希氏菌共检出12种耐药相关基因,沙门氏菌共检出10种耐药相关基因,两种细菌耐药基因型与耐药表型符合率均达60%以上,且均为多重耐药。本研究为仔猪腹泻的综合防控提供了理论依据。     

Serotyping and virulence genes detection in Escherichia coli isolated from fertile and infertile eggs, dead-in-shell embryos, and chickens with yolk sac infection

Escherichia coli is a common avian pathogen mainly associated with extraintestinal infections such as yolk sac infection (YSI). The aim of this study was to determine the serotypes and the presence of some virulence genes of E. coli strains isolated from different samples in a vertically integrated poultry operation in Mexico. Two hundred sixty-seven E. coli isolates from different samples were serotyped using rabbit serum against the 175 somatic (O) and 56 flagellar (H) antigens of the typing schema. Virulence genes were determined by colony blot hybridization, using DNA probes for st, eae, agg1, agg2, bfp, lt, cdt, slt, and ipaH diarrhea-associated virulence factors. The serogroup of 85% of the strains was determined; O19 (12%), 084 (9%), 08 (6%), and 078 (5%) were the most common. Using the complete antigenic formula (O and H), O19:NM (n = 31) was the serotype most frequently isolated from dead-in-shell embryos and in broilers that had died on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh days after hatch. One hundred ten strains (41.2%) hybridized with one or more of the used probes. Of these, ipaH (72%), eae (30%), and cdt (27%) were the most common. Considering the origin of the respective isolates, 40% of the broiler farm strains were positive for at least one probe. Results show that some avian E. coli strains isolated in Mexico are included in avian pathogenic E. coli serotypes not previously reported, suggesting that they could be specific for this geographic area. The wide distribution of the ipaH gene among nonmotile strains suggests that this invasiveness trait could be important in YSI pathogenesis. On the other hand, some other genes could contribute to E. coli virulence during YSI.