酵母硒对肥育猪肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的酵母硒对肥育猪胴体特性、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。选用72头体质量约70 kg的(杜×长×大)三元杂交肥育猪,随机分为4个处理,各处理饲粮中分别添加0(对照组)、0.10、0.30和0.50 mg/kg酵母硒,试猪体质量约100 kg时结束试验。结果表明:饲粮添加不同水平酵母硒均未改善肥育猪的屠宰率、肌内脂肪、大理石花纹、眼肌面积和剪切力(P>0.05);不同水平的酵母硒均未显著影响肥育猪背最长肌pH45 min和pH24 h;各处理组背最长肌滴水损失均显著低于对照组,其中0.3 mg/kg酵母硒可改善肉色(P<0.05);不同水平的酵母硒能极显著地提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,可显著提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量,0.3 mg/kg酵母硒显著降低丙二醛(MDA)水平。综合考虑,日粮硒水平为0.30 mg/kg的酵母硒添加组效果较好。     

酵母硒的营养功能及在养猪生产中的应用

酵母硒具有安全、稳定、易吸收、少污染等优点。酵母硒应用在养猪生产中可以改善肠道菌群、降低腹泻率,提高生产性能,增强机体免疫,改善猪肉品质,提高繁殖性能。本文论述了酵母硒在猪生产中的营养作用,并是对无机硒和酵母硒的营养作用做了比较。     

酵母硒的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

硒（Se）为动物机体必需营养元素之一，具有提高动物生产性能、提高机体免疫力激等功能。硒分为无机硒和有机硒，其中属于有机硒类的酵母硒具有产量高、无毒副作用的优点。本文综述了酵母硒在家禽、猪和反刍动物生产中的应用，为酵母硒在畜禽生产中的应用提供理论依据。     

不同硒源对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响

近年来,研究已表明有机硒比无机硒更容易在动物体内贮存.硒酵母作为有机硒的一种,具有酵母和有机硒的双重作用.笔者拟用硒酵母和亚硒酸钠作比较,通过对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉质以及抗氧化指标的检测,验证硒酵母对生长育肥猪的生长和肉质有无影响,同时,进一步探讨硒酵母的作用机理.     

酵母硒在养猪生产中的应用

酵母硒具有安全、稳定和无污染等优良特点，能提高母猪的繁殖性能和仔猪的初生重，增强仔猪的免疫力，降低腹泻率，改善猪肉的品质。本文阐释了养猪业应用酵母硒的重要性，分析了酵母硒生产原理，探讨了酵母硒对母猪、仔猪和育肥猪的影响以及实际生产中的使用方法，为酵母硒在养猪生产中的推广应用起到积极的作用。     

不同硒源对猪肉品质的影响

试验研究了酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对肥育猪肉质的影响。选用72头(61.32±1.14)kg的杜长大肥育猪,随机分成3个处理,每个处理4个重复(栏),每个栏6头猪。3个处理分别饲喂基础日粮+0.30mg/kg亚硒酸钠、基础日粮+0.30mg/kg酵母硒Ⅰ、基础日粮+0.30mg/kg酵母硒Ⅱ。试验正试期6周。试验结束后从每栏选择体重基本一致的试验猪各1头,前腔静脉采血后屠宰取背最长肌,测定肌肉pH值、滴水损失、肉色、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水分。结果表明:与亚硒酸钠比,饲粮中添加酵母硒Ⅰ、Ⅱ降低了肌肉中滴水损失62.86%和16.59%,且酵母硒Ⅱ比酵母硒Ⅰ降低了39.68%;Huntera值分别提高了13.70%和14.42%,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。     

不同硒源对育肥后期猪生长性能及肉质性状的影响

试验旨在研究亚硒酸钠、酵母硒、混合硒(亚硒酸钠+酵母硒)等不同硒源对育肥猪后期的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,设亚硒酸钠、酵母硒、混合硒(亚硒酸钠+酵母硒)等3个硒源,在0.3 mg/kg的添加浓度下对育肥猪生长性能和肉质性状的影响。结果显示,基础日粮中添加不同硒源后,猪的生长性能无显著差异,能够显著降低肉质性状中的滴水损失。结果说明,在此次试验条件下,不同硒源对育肥后期猪的各生长性能指标无显著影响,能够显著改变部分肉质性状指标,可为不同硒源在生猪饲料中的添加及利用提供试验基础和理论依据。     

酵母硒、无机硒对不同品种母猪繁殖性能、仔猪组织中硒沉积影响的研究

为了研究酵母硒和无机硒对不同品种母猪繁殖性能的影响及硒沉积规律,试验选择长白母猪和藏母猪各18头,在日粮中分别添加0.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠和0.2、0.5 mg/kg酵母硒,对不同品种母猪的繁殖性能、母乳中硒沉积及哺乳仔猪组织中硒存留进行了研究。结果表明, 添加0.2、0.5 mg/kg酵母硒后,母猪繁殖性能有改进;酵母硒较亚硒酸钠能显著提高初乳、常乳及仔猪组织中硒含量,特别是肌肉中硒含量;不同品种母猪对酵母硒的需求量有所不同,硒沉积的规律也有所不同。     

酵母硒对保育猪生长性能及腹泻防控效果试验

试验主要研究在保育猪基础饲粮中添加酵母硒对保育猪生长性能、腹泻情况的影响,选取活泼健康的28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪80头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组设置8个重复,每个重复5头猪(母猪和阉公猪各半).对照组饲喂基础饲粮,酵母硒组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.3 mg/kg酵母硒的试验饲粮.试验期43 d.结果表明,日增重酵母硒组...     

酵母硒的特性及其在动物营养中的应用

硒是动物机体生化反应中必需的无机微量元素。酵母硒作为有机硒的重要形式之一,。本文列出了酵母硒的生物学特性、硒在体内的代谢途径和生物学功能、酵母硒在猪、家禽、水产动物和反刍动物上的营养学作用及其应用,并对酵母硒的应用研究前景进行了展望。     

Studies on vitamin E and selenium deficiency in young pigs. II. The hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test and the measure of red cell lipid peroxides as indices of vitamin E and selenium status.

The usefulness of the hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test and the measure of red cell lipid peroxides as indices of vitamin E and selenium deficiency in swine has been evaluated. Results indicated that although the hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test may be of some indication of the vitamin E status, it is not a reliable index of vitamin E deficiency in swine, at least on an individual basis. In contrast, the measure of red cell lipid peroxides can be considered a reliable test for vitamin E deficiency in swine. The hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test and the red cell lipid peroxides were not significantly affected by selenium deficiency.     

Swine dysentery: the influence of dietary selenium on clinical and pathological effects of Treponema hyodysenteriae infection

Twenty-four conventionally reared pigs divided into 4 groups were fed a basic ration deficient in selenium. The following daily supplement of selenium was given per pig; Group 1: none, group 2: 0.2 mg, group 3: 0.4 mg and group 4: 0.8 mg. After 51 days all pigs were inoculated orally with a pure culture of Treponema hyodysenteriae, and subsequently observed for 26 days. Clinical signs of swine dysentery were seen in all 4 groups. Criteria such as morbidity rate, incubation time and weight gain showed that the non-supplemented pigs suffered more severely from swine dysentery than the supplemented ones. Best protection was found among the pigs given a daily supplement of 0.4 mg selenium, whereas a supplement of 0.8 mg had a negative influence on the resistance to swine dysentery. The results indicate that selenium plays a more complex role in mucosal defence mechanisms than hitherto anticipated.     

The relationship of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase to blood selenium in swine

The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and blood selenium have been investigated in swine fed a Se deficient diet with, and without, selenium supplementation. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.90) between erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and blood selenium was found.     

Influence of Diet on Experimental Swine Dysentery. 1. Effects of A Vitamin E and Selenium Deficient Diet Supplemented with 6.8 % Cod Liver Oil

Sixteen growing pigs were fed a vitamin E and selenium deficient diet; half of the animals (Group 2) were given a daily supply of vitamin E and selenium. After having been fed these diets for 53 days, the pigs were infected orally with minced colonic material from cases with typical swine dysentery. This exposure resulted in outbreaks of swine dysentery in both groups. The incubation times were, however, distinctly shorter and the clinical symptoms much more pronounced in Group 1 than in Group 2. The patho^morphological lesions in the colon also differed between the 2 groups. In the pigs of Group 1 evident pseudomembraneous lesions were observed in the spiral colon. In Group 2, the colonic alterations consisted predominantly of a catarrhal enteritis; pseudomembranes occurred in a minor part of colon in only 4 pigs. Both the clinical and the chemical observations and the pathological findings indicated a much better vitamin E and selenium balance in the pigs of Group 2. It is concluded that the treatment with vitamin E and selenium in Group 2 greatly increased resistance to swine dysentery.     

锌硒对后备猪繁殖性能及仔猪发育的影响

本试验研究了锌硒对后备公母猪繁殖性能和哺乳仔猪成活率的影响。在２月龄公母猪和哺３乳仔猪日粮中添加不同剂量的锌和硒,试验与对照组比较,后备母猪排卵率和产仔性能均有明显提高;后备公母初次采精时间提前,睾丸大小,射精量,精子活率和精子密度均显著提高,精子畸形率降低;     

Influence of Diet on Experimental Swine Dysentery. 3. Pathological Changes

Three experiments have been carried out to elucidate the possible influence of the vitamin E and selenium content of the feed on experimental swine dysentery. In most of the pigs given a vitamin E and selenium deficient diet, large and diffuse pseudomembranes appeared in the spiral colon, which also usually displayed a distended appearance and prominent oedematous infiltrations in the mesentery. The histological examination revealed large fibrinous pseudomembranes attached to defects on the mucosal surface. There were also pseudo-membranes containing necrotic mucosal tissue. Fibrinoid thrombi within minute vessels were readily observed in the latter lesions. The vitamin E supplemented pigs had colonic lesions very much like the deficient animals, while half of the selenium supplemented animals developed none or moderate inflammatory changes, the other half displayed, however, prominent pseudomeinbranes in the colon. Ten out of 26 pigs supplemented with both vitamin E and selenium were not affected by swine dysentery. In the remaining pigs catarrhal inflammatory lesions dominated in the colonic mucosa. In some of these animals pseudomembranes occurred, but they were usually small and of limited distribution. The vascular thromboses and tissue necrosis demonstrated within the colonic lesions are found to be compatible with a Shwartzman reaction. Erythrocytic “thrombi” and other phenomena associated with stasis are further believed to be of pathogenetic importance in this respect. It is emphasized that this report also illustrates the enhancing effect of a combined supplement of vitamin E and selenium on resistance to swine dysentery.     

Trace element levels in liver and kidney from cattle, swine and poultry slaughtered in Canada.

Levels of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and lead were determined in approximately 650 samples of liver and kidney from cattle, swine and poultry slaughtered in Canada during 1979-81. In addition zinc levels were determined in livers and kidneys from swine, and selenium and zinc levels were determined in the livers and kidneys from cattle. Depending on the element several methods of atomic absorption spectroscopy were used to analyze samples including flame, hydride generation, cold vapour generation and graphite furnace atomization. Analyses were also done by plasma emission spectroscopy. Levels of arsenic over 2.0 micrograms/g were detected in 0.9% of swine livers and 0.3% of swine kidneys. Cadmium levels higher than 1.0 micrograms/g were detected in 0.3% of cattle livers, 10.8% of cattle kidneys, 1.8% of swine kidneys, 0.4% of poultry livers and 0.3% of poultry kidneys. Levels of copper over 150 micrograms/g were detected in 0.4% of cattle and swine livers. Levels of lead over 2.0 micrograms/g were detected in 1.4% of poultry livers and 1.6% of poultry kidneys. The highest level of mercury detected in all species was 0.25 micrograms/g and the highest level of selenium was 1.9 micrograms/g. Zinc levels of over 100 micrograms/g were detected in 1.7% of cattle livers, 0.2% of cattle kidneys and 5.0% of swine livers.     

不同硒水平对生长育肥猪血液生化指标的影响

试验研究了宁夏常用饲料中不同硒水平对生长育肥猪血液生化指标的影响。结果表明 :(1 )谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH PX)活性随饲粮硒水平的增加 ,呈现下降 上升 下降的动态变化趋势。谷胱甘肽硫转移酶可反映缺硒的程度。 (2 )缺硒组仔猪血硒含量和全血中GSH PX均处于缺硒边缘状态 ,在临界值以下 ,不能满足仔猪的代谢需要。 (3)随饲粮硒水平的逐渐增加 ,猪瘟的抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化率明显升高 ,以饲粮中添加硒 0 45mg/kg时达到最高 ,仔猪发病率最低     

肝素调控猪嗜中性粒细胞对精子的趋化和吞噬作用

为降低由人工授精诱导的猪子宫局部免疫反应,从而提高其人工授精效率,在含有10%血清的培养液中添加不同浓度的肝素(0、100、500、1000μg/mL),检测猪嗜中性粒细胞(PMNs)对猪精子的吞噬性和趋化性。结果表明,100~1000μg/mL的肝素可显著抑制猪PMNs对精子的吞噬性(P<0.01)和趋化性(P<0.05)。提示肝素可作为猪精液稀释液的保护成分,降低由人工授精所导致的子宫炎症反应,从而提高猪的人工授精受胎率。     

中华富铬康在猪营养中的应用

中华富铬康是一种有机微量元素,其成分为烟酸铬,具有提高猪生长、生产、繁殖和免疫性能,改善胴体品质,减少应激反应等功效,也是抗生素的潜在替代物。