蒸参水有效成分及其透皮制剂的研究进展

蒸参水是人参蒸制成红参过程中的副产物,具有人参皂苷、人参多糖、挥发油等生物活性成分,有较大的开发价值。当今时代背景下,人参资源的合理利用及开发成为热点。据相关报道,蒸参水中的人参皂苷具有抗炎、抗衰老等多种生物活性,关于人参皂苷的透皮制剂研究,相关的报道众多,本文对其进行相关总结并综述,以期为蒸参水的开发利用提供参考。     

超高产花生新品种粤油7号引进和示范初探

2002年从广东等省引进6个花生新品种,品种比较试验和生产示范结果显示,粤油7号表现超高产特性,干荚果产量和籽仁产量均比当地对照种增产14.7%以上,粤油7号抗多种病害,矮壮抗倒伏,适应性强,适宜在江西推广种植。     

茶多酚对运动训练能力的影响与作用分析

随着运动和健身的普及,茶多酚作为一种天然生物活性物质引起了广泛关注。文章通过对茶多酚的化学成分、生物活性及其对运动训练能力的影响进行分析。茶多酚具有多种生物活性,包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等作用。茶多酚对运动训练能力有积极影响。它可以提高运动耐力,增加肌肉力量,并促进运动后的恢复。茶多酚的作用机制主要包括调节氧化应激通路、调控能量代谢以及影响肌肉损伤与修复过程。     

花生品种间产量和产值关系的研究

以11个不同产量水平及品质标准的花生品种为材料，对其荚果、籽仁产量和油与蛋白质产量品质进行分析，结果表明，花生不同品种（系）荚果产量的高低，不一定与其籽仁或油、蛋白质产量和产值相一致，同样，籽仁产量与油、蛋白质产量和产值也未必吻合。通过综合评价，其产量与产值之间相关性在品种间差异较大，共出现了5种情况：①荚果产量最高，但籽仁、油、蛋白质产量和产值则较低；②荚果产量较高，油产量和产值很低；③荚果产量一般，籽仁与油产量和产值较高；④荚果产量低，油产量和产较值高；⑤荚果产量与籽仁、油、蛋白质产量和产值位次相当。     

海藻多糖用于食品涂膜保鲜的研究现状

海藻多糖具有抑菌、抗病毒和抗氧化等多种生物活性,可用于食品的涂膜保鲜。本文概述了海藻多糖的生物活性及其保鲜机理,并将目前已发现的具有活性的海藻多糖种类及其在食品涂膜保鲜中的应用现状、保鲜效果等进行综述,同时对其未来发展趋势进行展望。     

油用型向日葵杂交种主要性状及与产量关系研究

研究了国内油用型向日葵杂交种主要性状及其与产量的关系。在10个性状中，结实率、籽仁率、生育期、合油率遗传变异较小，茎粗、盘径、百粒重、株高中等，产量和叶片数变异最大。相关分析和通径分析结果表明，小区产量与株高、叶片数、籽仁率、茎粗、合油率等性状直接相关效应较大，其中株高、叶片数、茎粗对产量的直接效应最大，是影响产量的主要因子。     

茶多酚的生物活性及效用研究进展

茶多酚是绿茶中重要的生物活性物质，具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、降血糖血脂以及抗衰老等多方面的生物活性作用，广泛应用于医疗保健、化工、食品等领域，成为近年来研究的热点。本文就近年来茶多酚生物活性以及目前研究存在的问题进行综述，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

茶多糖的提取分离及生物活性研究进展

茶多糖(Tea Polysaccharide,TPS)是茶叶中一类具有生物活性的水溶性复合多糖总称,具有多种生物活性,对人体具有重要生理功能,其降血糖和防治糖尿病作用尤为突出。本文对近年来茶多糖的提取、分离方法和生理功能等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为其下一步研究与开发利用提供参考。     

花生籽仁不同发育时期不同部位主要营养成分变化

本研究以不同油酸花生品种为材料，对籽仁含油量、脂肪酸和蔗糖含量累积规律和基豆先豆间差异及籽 仁不同部位差异进行分析。结果表明，随着花生籽仁的发育，含油量增加且高油品种含油量积累速率高于低油品 种，蔗糖含量下降；不饱和脂肪酸逐渐增加，饱和脂肪酸和超长链饱和脂肪酸逐渐下降，亚麻酸逐渐降低到消失，其 中高油酸材料棕榈酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的下降速率以及油酸的上升速率高于普通油酸材料。各材料脂肪酸在基豆 和先豆间无显著差异，而含油量基豆高于先豆。成熟籽仁胚中棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸和二十四碳烷酸 含量显著高于子叶，含油量、硬脂酸和油酸含量低于子叶，在胚中约含有0.5%左右的亚麻酸，而子叶中未检测到亚 麻酸。本研究结果为选育品质优的油用型和食用型花生品种具有指导意义。     

茶多糖提取纯化、结构活性及应用研究进展

我国茶叶产量世界第一,茶资源十分丰富。茶多糖作为从茶叶、茶花和茶籽中提取出来的一种复合多糖,因具有抗糖尿病、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、增强免疫和调节肠道菌群等多种生物活性引起极大关注,并被广泛应用于保健品、化妆品和医药等领域。文章对茶多糖的提取纯化、化学结构、功能活性及产业化应用进行综述,以加强对茶多糖的认知,推动茶叶健康产业发展。     

5种赤眼蜂对红脉穗螟卵的寄生力比较

红脉穗螟[Tirathaba rufivena (Walker)]是槟榔的重要害虫,为筛选有效防治红脉穗螟的优势赤眼蜂蜂种,研究比较了稻螟赤眼蜂、食胚赤眼蜂、松毛虫赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂对红脉穗螟的寄生力。结果表明,在一定的寄主卵密度范围内,稻螟赤眼蜂、松毛虫赤眼蜂和食胚赤眼蜂对红脉穗螟卵的寄生数量随着红脉穗螟卵密度的增加而逐渐增加,其中,稻螟赤眼蜂、松毛虫赤眼蜂和食胚赤眼蜂在红脉穗螟的卵密度分别为35、30和25粒/管,寄生卵数量和寄生率均为最大,寄生卵数量分别为16.2、8.8和10.6粒,寄生率分别为46.3%、29.3%和42.4%。在赤眼蜂羽化后的12 h内,在0~72 h提供充足卵的情况下,食胚赤眼蜂、稻螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂主要在0~24 h寄生红脉穗螟的卵,分别占总寄生量84.8%、48.6%和60.7%,其子代蜂总数分别为48.5、50.8和53.8头,子代雌蜂比例分别为68.2%、74.4%和55.1%。结果表明稻螟赤眼蜂对红脉穗螟卵具有较强的寄生能力,松毛虫赤眼蜂和食胚赤眼蜂作为红脉穗螟卵补充优势赤眼蜂,这3种赤眼蜂可共同防治红脉穗螟。     

芒果核仁油理化特性及其开发利用研究进展

芒果核仁是芒果加工的副产物,其中脂肪含量达9.0%~13.1%（干基）,从中提取的核仁油是一种优质油脂,具有较高的营养价值及开发利用前景。本文主要从芒果核仁油理化性质、脂质组成及开发利用等方面总结归纳近年来的科学研究进展,并与可可脂、类可可脂的甘油三酯组分进行对比分析,明确了芒果核仁油研究中存在的问题,并给出合理建议。     

Coleoptile length variation of near-isogenic Rht lines of modern CIMMYT bread and durum wheats

A set of 10 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and six durum wheat (T. turgidum L.) genotypes near-isogenic for either the Rht1 or Rht2 dwarfing genes were analyzed for plant height, kernel weight, coleoptile length and grain yield. Coleoptile length was measured at three different temperatures and plant height, kernel weight and grain yield determined in six different environments. Durum wheat, regardless of stature, produced longer coleoptiles than bread wheat at higher temperature. Within the non-Rht isolines, plant height and coleoptile length were independent characters. The tall durum wheats tended to be taller than their bread wheat counterparts, indicating an absence of minor genes for reduced height. However, a number of bread wheat cultivars showed relatively small height increases following removal of the Rht gene and substantially greater increases in coleoptile length. Coleoptile length was more highly correlated (r²=0.53, P<0.01) with seed weight among the non-Rht isolines compared to cultivars containing either Rht1 or Rht2. Grain yield and plant height were positively correlated among the semi-dwarf Rht isolines in 5 of 6 environments. No equivalent relationship existed among the non-Rht materials. Grain yield (standard sowing depth 3 cm) and coleoptile length were generally not significantly correlated within each isogenic grouping.

Plant breeders should be able to select short statured, non-Rht1 or non-Rht2 hexaploid bread wheat with better emergence characteristics. The non-Rht genotypes developed from the bread wheat cultivars Seri 82 and Culiacan 89 were identified as meeting these criteria. Wheats such as these could offer significant advantages to farmers in environments where deep sowing into stored soil moisture is practiced.     

油莎豆主要营养成分及生理功能研究进展

油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus L.）,又称虎坚果,沙草科莎草属多年生草本植物。油莎豆具有适应性广、生长期短、生物量大、含油量高等优势特性。油莎豆茎叶可做青贮饲料,块茎可生吃或熟吃,此外,油莎豆还可用来榨油,榨油后的油饼可用来做饲料。因此油莎豆作为一种集粮、油、牧、饲于一体的新兴农作物,具有较高的经济价值和开发潜力。为了深入了解油莎豆,促进油莎豆资源的高值化利用和研究,本文综述了油莎豆中油脂、蛋白和多糖等主要营养成分的研究进展,详细阐述了油莎豆降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化和保肝等生理功能,并就其市场规模和科学研究前景进行了展望。     

Comparison of clofentezine and hyxythiazox with cyhexatin for integrated control of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch)

The ovicides clofentezine and hexythiazox were shown to be compatible with integrated control of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in a replicated field trial conducted over two growing seasons in an apple orchard at Batlow, New South Wales, Australia. Reduced concentrations of clofentezine (5 and 10 g a.i. per 100 litres water—normally 20 g) applied as foliar sprays to run-off, stabilized the predator/prey interaction between P. ulmi and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten more effectively than low rates of cyhexatin (5 and 10 g a.i. per 100 litres water—normally 20 g). There was no evidence that the effectiveness of clofentezine or hexythiazox would destablize integrated control by eliminating P. ulmi and starving T. pyri. Populations of T. pyri persisted in low numbers on the trees in the absence of P. ulmi or other arthropod food sources on leaves.     

云斑斜线天蛾在我国的适生性及限制性环境因子分析

云斑斜线天蛾是一种为害抗风桐的迁飞性昆虫,在我国西沙群岛多个岛屿发生。阐明云斑斜线天蛾在我国的适生区分布及其主要限制环境因子,可为该害虫扩散预警与防控提供理论依据。本文利用MaxEnt模型对云斑斜线天蛾在我国的潜在适生区进行预测,通过调整调控倍频和特征组合参数建立最优模型,使用刀切法及环境变量响应曲线对影响云斑斜线天蛾分布的环境因子进行评估。结果表明：云斑斜线天蛾在我国的潜在适生区位于海南、台湾、广东、广西、云南、贵州、湖南、江西、福建、浙江、安徽、湖北、四川、重庆、西藏;最冷月最低温（bio06）、昼夜温差月均值（bio02）、最暖季降水量（bio18）是影响云斑斜线天蛾潜在地理分布的主导环境因子。云斑斜线天蛾在我国南海诸岛具有较高危险性,建议建立监测预警与防控系统,将该害虫控制在合理水平。     

西沙群岛4种木材的解剖学研究

报道了西沙群岛4种植物[水芫花（Pemphis acidula）、海人树（Suriana maritima）、海岸桐（Guettarda speciosa）和银毛树（Tournefortia argentea）]的木材解剖学特征,为其木材识别、系统分类及植物保育等方面研究提供依据。采用数码显微的方法,对4种植物树皮、木材宏观及微观构造进行观测。结果表明：水芫花、海人树、海岸桐树皮呈褐色,管孔分布类型为散孔材;银毛树树皮呈银白色,管孔分布类型为散孔材至半环孔材。水芫花和海人树的木材质地较重硬,髓部较小;海岸桐和银毛树的木材质地较轻软,髓部较大。4种植物木材导管分子长度均较短,不超过800 μm。水芫花、海人树和海岸桐管孔组合以径列复管孔为主,银毛树则以管孔团为主。银毛树的轴向薄壁组织最为发达,并具有小型导管。水芫花木射线同形单列为主;海人树和海岸桐的木射线为异型II型,2列至4列为主,常同一射线内出现2~3次多列部分;银毛树以同形多列为主。     

新型木本油料树种光皮树研究进展

光皮树是我国重要的新型木本油料树种，其深度开发对我国油脂安全具有重要意义。近年来我国在光皮树基础研究及产业化利用等方面取得了丰硕成果，显著推进了光皮树生长发育、遗传背景、油脂合成与调控、油脂提取与分析、油脂工业转化等的研究进程。本文从农艺性状、组织结构、生理生化、分子遗传、果实发育、内含物累积、油脂提取、油脂成分、油脂应用等方面对我国光皮树研究进展进行总结，以期为后续研究应用提供参考。     

Field tests of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai aggr. as a biocontrol agent of seedling disease in several crops and Rhizoctonia root rot of sugar beet

In field studies, mean stands of crops of snapbean, field corn, pea, soybean, and squash in New York were somewhat greater from seeds treated with conidia of Trichoderma harzianum applied in a Methocel slurry than from non-treated controls; however, stands were generally poorer than those from captan-treated seed. The biocontrol agent and captan had little effect on kidney bean and sweet corn since these crops are only slightly susceptible to seedling disease caused by Pythium spp. which were present in the field. In Colorado fields also infested with Pythium spp., stands of sugar beet from T. harzianum-treated seed (Pelgel slurry) tended to be greater than those from non-treated seed and equal to those from maneb-treated seed, but differences were not significant. In Colorado, Rhizoctonia solani, cause of root rot, was also present in the soil. A combined analysis of variance of treatments across 2 years showed that a preplanting-incorporated in-row application of T. harzianum in a wheat-bran carrier or a maneb seed treatment slightly, but significantly, reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot in sugar beet as compared with the non-treated control. Seed treatments with T. harzianum had little or no effect. In plots where the agent was applied to the soil, numbers of Trichoderma propagules increased 600-fold by harvest; where maneb seed treatment was used, they increased only fivefold. Densities of the agent remained the same or decreased in plots where Trichoderma was used as a seed treatment.     

Propagation and release of natural enemies for control of cotton insect and mite pests in the United States

The state of the art for controlling four primary pests or pest complexes by augmentative releases of predators and parasitoids in the United States is reviewed. The pests are (1) the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), (2)_the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), (3) the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and (4) plant bugs, specifically Lygus spp. Rearing of the predators and parasitoids and identification and the use of behaviour-modifying chemicals are described and discussed.