山羊传染性胸膜肺炎免疫学诊断方法的研究进展

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(contagious caprine pleuropneumonia,CCPP)是由山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种(Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.capripneumoniae,Mccp)引起的山羊一种严重的呼吸道疾病,被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列为法定报告疫病之一。CCPP流行区域横跨亚洲、中东和非洲40多个国家,目前已经报道数种可用于诊断该病的方法,其中涉及的免疫学诊断方法达10多种,但大多数方法存在敏感性差或特异性低的问题。本文对常用于CCPP诊断的免疫学方法以及有关诊断靶标挖掘工作做概述,总结各方法的优缺点和适用范围,以期为免疫学诊断方法的更好应用和改进提供参考。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎荧光定量PCR检测方法的初步建立

为实现山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(CCPP)快速检测,研究基于病原体山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种的16S rRNA基因,设计合成特异性引物及探针,采用5'FAM-TAMRA3'标记物进行标记.结果显示,试验建立的CCPP-16S实时荧光定量PCR方法可特异性检测CCPP,产生特异性荧光信号,对相关其他病菌无法检出荧光信号;以CCPP...     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的诊断与防治

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(contagious caprine pleuro- pneumonia,CCPP)是由山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种(Myco- plasma capricolum subsp．capripneumoni a,Mccp)引起的山羊特有的急性或慢性高度接触性传染病。CCPP被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列为B类传染病。以呈现纤维素性肺炎和胸膜炎为特征。我国内蒙古百灵庙地区于1935年曾流行山羊的“烂肺病”,绵羊及其他动物不感染,后来又在西北、华北、内蒙古等地有发现。据资料记载,感染Mccp羊的发病率和死亡率均较高,是亚洲各国引起山羊养殖重大经济损失的主要原因。现对CCPP的诊断与防治进展做一概述。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎继发流产病例的诊断

为对贵州省某规模养羊场临床表现咳嗽、消瘦及流产症状病死山羊进行病因确定性诊断,采用分子生物学方法对病死山羊进行山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(CCPP)病原与山羊流产衣原体核酸检测。结果表明,从病死母羊肺组织中检测到绵羊肺炎支原体(Mo)核酸,未检测到丝状支原体山羊亚种(Mmc)核酸,病死母羊子宫组织中山羊流产衣原体检测均为阴性,病例确诊为CCPP。序列分析显示Mo感染可能与流产症状有关。研究结果将为贵州省预控此类疫病流行暴发提供技术支持。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎病例分子病原学诊断

对贵州省某规模化养羊场出现疑似山羊传染性胸膜肺炎（CCPP）症状的山羊采用分子生物学方法进行CCPP病原核酸检测,并通过生物信息学分析对病原进行确定性诊断。结果表明,本次疫情确诊为CCPP,临床病料经分子生物学和生物信息学分析认为病原基因与绵羊肺炎支原体（Mo）Y98标准株在分子进化上一致,表明引起该场CCPP的病原为...     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎分子诊断方法的研究进展

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(contagious caprine pleuropneumonia,CCPP)是由山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种(Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.capripneumoniae,MCCP)引起的山羊急性或慢性呼吸道传染病,其病原MCCP的分离培养困难,同丝状支原体簇其他成员之间具有相似的生化和血清学性质,因此用传统的病原学和血清学方法无法对其进行准确鉴定。而基于PCR的分子检测技术,凭借其特异性高和敏感性强等诸多优点已被广泛应用于疾病的早期临床诊断。本文综述了CCPP的分子诊断方法,以期为该病的防治提供技术参考。     

马对丝状支原体山羊亚种的抗体应答

接触传染性山羊胸膜肺炎(CCPP),是亚洲和非洲很多地方严重危害山羊的一种疾病。病原为丝状支原体山羊亚种,曾经多次在美国的患有结膜炎、关节炎和肺炎的山羊体内分离到,但是显然没有从呈现CCPP临床症状的病例分离出来过。直至今天西半球     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的诊断与防治

正山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(CCPP)又称"烂肺病"或山羊支原体性肺炎,是山羊特有的一种以高热、咳嗽、纤维素肺炎和胸膜炎为特征的高度接触性传染病,被感染羊群无明显年龄和性别差异,发病率和死亡率均较高,广泛流行于非洲和亚洲养羊国家,危害极大,国际动物卫生组织(OIE)在《国际卫生法典》中将其定为B类传染病,主要是经空气—飞沫—呼吸道传播。本文主要从病原特点、临床症状、病理变化、诊断方法及防治措施来介绍山羊传染性胸膜肺炎。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎研究进展

<正>山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia,简称CCPP),是由山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种(Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.capripneumoniae,简称Mccp)引起的一种接触性传染病,是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)法定报告的动物传染病之一。CCPP最早记载于1873年,但直到1976年才分离到病原体Mccp,并证明了其致病性。由于Mccp生存条件要求极高,不易分     

桑白皮对氟苯尼考在传染性胸膜肺炎山羊的药代动力学影响

近年来,山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(CCPP)对养羊业危害严重。氟苯尼考由于对多数呼吸道致病菌株敏感,不会导致再生障碍性贫血等特点,已成功应用于多种动物呼吸系统疾病的防治;桑白皮(Morus alba L．chitosan)是中医用于泻肺平喘的重要药物,古有“泻肺之有余,非桑皮不可”之说。试验对桑白皮是否影响氟苯尼考在传染性胸膜肺炎山羊的药代动力学进行研究,为桑白皮、氟苯尼考联合治疗山羊传染性胸膜肺炎提供试验依据及临床给药方案。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.