大花序桉下胚轴组培快繁技术的研究

以大花序桉优株无菌种子的下胚轴为外植体,研究其组培快繁技术。结果表明最适合大花序桉的基本培养基为ER培养基,最适的增殖培养基为ER+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ZT 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,增殖系数达到3.8,不定芽生长整齐、健壮;最适的生根培养基为1/2ER+ABT12.5 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根率86%以上,每株平均能长4条根,平均根长2.2 cm,根系健壮。最适宜大花序桉移栽的基质是红心土,移栽成活率可达93%以上。     

尜尜枣茎段组培繁殖研究

以MS为基本培养基,幼嫩茎段为外植体,进行尜尜枣组培繁殖研究,筛选出适宜的培养基,结果表明,增殖培养以MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L为好,增殖系数为6.7340;生根培养以1/2MS+IBA1.0 mg/L较好,平均根长为2.61cm,平均生根条数为5.12条。     

西伯利亚花楸组培苗炼苗技术

西伯利亚花楸是适合我国北方干旱地区的经济型树种。但因其以种子繁殖存在某些困难,而采取组培繁殖。通过组培快繁途径培育的幼苗,只有通过在试验室内过渡炼苗、室外塑料拱棚炼苗,才能提高造林成活率。采用室内、室外两次炼苗,严格控制各阶段炼苗温度、湿度和光照条件,是提高炼苗成活率的关键因素。采用适宜配方喷洒杀菌剂,并借助打药补充MS培养基营养液,控制苗木遭受真菌和细菌的侵染,可进一步降低苗木的死亡率。通过过渡炼苗组培苗成活率达85%以上,且幼苗健壮,根系发达。     

LaCl3对桑树组培苗生长与分化的影响

本试验目的是通过研究不同浓度的稀土化合物(LaCl3)对桑树组培苗生长分化以及生根的影响,确定培养基中加入LaCl3的浓度。在前人研究稀土元素对植物生理生化影响的基础上,本试验将不同浓度稀土化合物(LaCl3)添加于桑树组培苗分化与生根培养基中,研究其对桑树组培苗生长与分化的影响。结果表明,低浓度的LaCl3（40 mg/L）能促进桑树组培苗的生长与分化,株高、生芽数、生根率、根长和根重都显著高于对照及其他浓度处理;分化芽数、株高及生根率分别比对照高84.2%、63.5%、12.5%。同时还能提高叶绿素含量,其中叶绿素a含量为对照的2.06倍;叶绿素b含量为对照的1.64倍;以及改变光合色素比例,提高过氧化物酶活性。高浓度LaCl3（60～80 mg/L）的促进作用减小甚至抑制桑树组培苗的生长。说明本试验条件下,有利于桑树组培苗分化及生根的LaCl3最佳浓度为40 mg/L。     

撑绿竹组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

选用2年生撑绿竹侧枝新萌发的茎尖进行组织诱导,丛芽苗经过继代繁殖,并筛选壮苗生根培养基以及观察不同发根时间,进行不同基质移栽效果比较。研究结果表明:采用1.2mg/L BA和0.5mg/L NAA的激素组合在培养基上诱导成芽数达40个,诱导率为66%;丛芽苗继代增殖选用1.4mg/L BA和0.5mg/L NAA激素组合、培养时间以30d最适宜,这时芽苗长势浓绿;组培苗移植以发根时间30d为佳,移栽基质选择竹炭肥较好。     

＇早红＇草莓高效遗传转化受体系统的建立

本文以草莓主栽品种‘早红’组培苗离体叶片和叶柄为外植体,进行叶龄、暗培养、植物生长调节剂配比及抗生素敏感性研究,建立草莓高效遗传转化的受体系统。在含3.0mg/L6-BA与0.1mg/L2,4-D的MS培养基上,30d叶龄的叶片再生频率高达98.31%,平均每叶片再生芽数5.09个,叶柄切段的再生频率为89.25%,平均每叶柄切段再生芽数4.92个,叶片的再生频率略高于叶柄;不定芽在含0.2mg/L6-BA与0.2mg/LGA3的MS继代培养基上培养成苗。将生长状态良好的不定芽转至含0.2mg/LIBA的1/2MS培养基上生根,生根率达100%,平均生根数量16.27条,平均根长1.85cm。抗生素敏感性试验表明,草莓外植体适宜的卡那霉素选择压力为25mg/L,头孢霉素的筛选浓度为300mg/L。本研究建立的再生体系可作为草莓遗传转化的受体系统。     

珠美海棠组培苗繁殖技术的研究

以珠美海棠为材料,研究了培养基配比、苗龄、琼脂等组培苗工厂化生产关键技术,光照条件和培养容器对组培苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,采用改良型培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L用于分化培养、1/2MS+IAA0.5mg/L或1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L用于生根培养,苗龄30～40d,使用接近国际标准的琼脂、光照强度1500～2000lx条件下生产的组培苗繁殖系数最大、有效苗最多、生根率高及生长速度最快,移栽成活率＞90%;苗圃移栽成活率＞85%,1年生苗株高均＞1.5m。并建立了珠美海棠工厂化生产工艺及组培苗培养标准,为其他植物组培苗繁殖提供理论依据。     

萘乙酸浓度对水土保持植物蟛蜞菊扦插育苗的影响

为了提高蟛蜞菊扦插苗的成活率,采用3种不同浓度萘乙酸(NAA)浸渍蟛蜞菊插条基部1h进行对比实验。结果表明:浓度为200mg/L的萘乙酸下的蟛蜞菊的插穗生根率达到100%,根粗、根数、最长根长、根系总体积均显著增大,同时地上部分的生长得到了促进。浓度为100mg/L的萘乙酸对扦插苗地上及地下部均具有促进作用。浓度为300mg/L的萘乙酸对扦插苗地上部具有促进作用,但对插穗的生根率及根数有抑制作用。试验表明,200mg/L的萘乙酸对蟛蜞菊扦插苗的生长促进效果最明显。     

蓝莓组培苗三种生根方法效果比较

2015年3—5月,在福建南平采用蓝莓品种‘夏普蓝’继代芽苗为试材,实验比较了蓝莓组培苗三种方法(瓶内固体培养基生根、瓶外生根、瓶内浅层液体培养基生根)的生根效果。选取在"改良WPM+ZT 0.25 mg/L"培养基上经多次继代增殖培养的继代丛生芽苗,高6~8 cm者作为实验材料。结果表明,瓶内浅层液体培养基生根方法的生根率高达70%~90%,同时可降低组培苗生产成本,增加经济效益,移栽过程无需洗苗,不但相对简化了生根环节,也减少了伤苗、伤根的机率,是效果较好的生根方法。     

4个鲜食葡萄品种组培快繁体系的建立

为加快鲜食葡萄苗木的繁殖速度,提高苗木品质,以鲜食葡萄品种夏黑、红地球、巨峰和玫瑰香为试验材料,通过对无菌外植体的消毒、继代和驯化等环节技术的探究,建立适用于不同鲜食葡萄品种的组培快繁体系。结果表明,以葡萄茎段作为外植体在低浓度(0.3%～0.5%)次氯酸钠溶液中消毒15 min后,接种在MS+0.2 mg·L^-1IBA+1.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1KT+4.0 mg·L^-1腺嘌呤+30 g·L^-1蔗糖+8.2 g·L^-1琼脂的培养基上,成活率达到87.5%;以培养基WPM添加0.2 mg·L^(-1 )IBA增殖培养兼生根诱导,组培苗生长健壮,生根效果好。采用水培方法炼苗3周后4个品种组培苗移栽成活率均达到100%。综上,完整的基础组培快繁体系可应用于科学研究及工业化大规模生产。本研究为加快鲜食葡萄的繁殖速度、提高苗木质量提供了理论依据。     

草莓茎尖组织培养技术研究

为建立完善的草莓组培快繁体系,解决种苗退化问题,以当地草莓主栽品种红颜茎尖为试材,设置0.1%升汞和0.1%升汞+2%吐温-80溶液2种外植体消毒处理,以MS为基本培养基,分别添加不同浓度6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和萘乙酸(NAA)的6个诱导和继代增殖培养基、5个生根培养基,研究草莓茎尖外植体消毒最佳方式与时间, 筛选诱导、继代增殖及生根培养的最佳培养基。结果表明,0.1%升汞+2%吐温-80溶液处理8 min时草莓茎尖污染率及褐化率较低,萌发率最高,可达82.3%,为最佳的消毒方式。外植体在MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA培养基中,可诱导出更多的健壮不定芽,萌发率为83.3%,为最佳诱导培养基;适宜的继代增殖培养基为 MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.02 mg/LNAA,增殖系数为4.5%;1/2MS+0.01 mg/L NAA为最佳生根培养基,生根率高达100％。     

Cu~(2+)对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响

研究了Cu2+浓度对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响。结果显示,低浓度Cu2+(25 mg/L)处理对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用,其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、下胚轴长、下胚轴粗度、生物量和相对含水量均高于对照及其他浓度处理;而幼苗的质膜相对透性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量及保护酶活性均在此浓度得达最低。但在高浓度Cu2+(Cu2+浓度在50~300mg/L时)处理下,随着Cu2+浓度增加,黄瓜种子萌发的各项指标开始下降,幼苗生长的各项生理指标开始上升,对黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长产生抑制作用,并在300mg/L时抑制作用最显著。     

虎杖茎尖离体再生体系的建立和优化

研究了苗龄、接种方式、不同植物生长调节剂、硝酸银和蔗糖等对虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum)茎尖愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和生根的影响。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+蔗糖28g/L+琼脂5.5g/L+2,4-D 1.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L,诱导率为100%;3-7d苗龄的虎杖茎尖愈伤组织诱导能力无显著差异,诱导率均达到95%以上,此后随着苗龄的增加,愈伤组织诱导能力快速下降,苗龄为12d时愈伤组织诱导率只有55.6%;以正插(形态学下端插入培养基)方式接种的外植体愈伤组织诱导率显著大于反插(形态学上端插入培养基)和平放的;不定芽分化最佳培养基为MS+AgNO34.0mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂6.0g/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+TDZ 0.8mg/L,分化率为83.9%,增殖系数为7.63;生根培养基选用1/2 MS+蔗糖26g/L+琼脂6.5g/L+活性碳3%+IBA 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L,生根率为100%。用透气膜封口比用聚乙烯菌膜生根率明显提高,生根明显提前。     

Effect of aluminium and calcium on growth of wheat seedlings and germination of seeds

Two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the aluminium (Al) and calcium (Ca) effects on wheat seedling growth and on seed germination. Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L, cs Yangmai No. 5) seedlings were grown for a 15‐day period and treated with 0.5 mM Al with low Ca (1 mM Ca) or high Ca (5 mM Ca). The growth of seedlings was signficantly inhibited by Al. Supplement of Ca improved the growth of Al‐treated plants, increased dry matter weight of plant and leaf area, and decreased shoot/root ratio. This showed that Ca ameliorated Al toxicity in wheat. In experiments on seed germination, Al concentrations less than 2 mM in the germinating medium had little or no visible effect on length of shoot and root of germinating seed. The germinating rate of seed was not affected significantly by Al, when Al concentrations lower than 5 mM Al. The addition of 3 mM Ca did not increase the length of shoot and root and germination rate of seeds. Both pretreatments with 6 mM Ca and 1 μM GA had no significant effect on the length of shoot and root and amylolytic activity of Al‐treated germinating seeds. No significant differences were found in the total amylolytic activity in Al‐treated and control seeds two days and five days after germination. The results of Al and Ca effects on seedlings and seed germination showed that Al‐toxicity on germinating seeds was different from on seedling growth. The high concentrations of Al inhibit growth of roots and shoots of germinating seeds by other toxicity mechanism rather than interaction of Al with Ca and mobilization of carbohydrate reserves.     

箭根薯的试管繁殖

本实验用箭根薯成熟种子为材料，培育出无菌幼苗，再用幼叶、叶柄进行试管繁殖。经实验得出各阶段适宜的培养基分别为：（1）种子萌了：MS＋6－BA 1mg/L(单位下同）＋NAA 0．1；（2）诱导愈伤组织：MS＋6－BA 1＋2，4－D 1．5＋KT0．2；（3）丛芽诱导：MS＋6－BA0．5＋NAA0．5；（4）生根培养：1／2MS＋NAA0．5。     

不同育秧方式下水稻秧苗内源激素特征及其与植株发根力的关系

以杂交稻组合冈优22、Ⅱ优162和K优047为材料,设置湿润育秧、旱育秧和塑盘水育3种育秧方式,分别测定了秧苗根系和发根节内源激素特性,分析了内源激素与秧苗发根力的相关关系。结果表明,旱育秧的发根力强于湿润育秧和塑盘秧;冈优22在3种育秧方式下的发根能力均最强,II优162在旱育秧方式下发根力强于K优047,但在湿润育秧和塑盘育秧方式下弱于K优047;旱育秧根系和发根节的ABA含量低于湿润育秧和塑盘水育秧,GA含量则最高;根系ABA含量与总根长呈显著负相关,GA含量与总根长、根重和根数呈显著或极显著正相关。     

Variable effects of emergence-promoting rhizobacteria on conifer seedling growth under nursery conditions

Summary Inoculation of white spruce (Picea glauca Voss.) seed with Bacillus polymyxa strain L5 under nursery conditions significantly increased the number of seedlings that emerged after sowing. No significant effects on seedling emergence were detected when white spruce seed was inoculated with Bacillus polymyxa strain L6, or when Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seed was inoculated with either strain L5 or L6. However, white spruce seedlings originating from L5-inoculated seed had significantly lower root dry weights when measured 13 weeks after sowing, and reduced shoot dry weights 26 weeks after sowing compared with uninoculated controls. Inoculation of white spruce seed with strain L6 also resulted in seedlings with decreased root dry weights compared with uninoculated controls 13 weeks after sowing, but the significant inhibition of root growth was not apparent 26 weeks after sowing. Douglasfir seedlings originating from L5-inoculated seed had significantly lower root and shoot dry weights compared with uninoculated controls 13 but not 26 weeks after sowing. Inoculation of Douglas-fir seed with strain L6 resulted in seedlings with decreased root collar diameters and shoot dry weights 13 weeks after sowing, and lower root dry weights 26 weeks after sowing compared with uninoculated controls. These results demonstrate that the effects of bacterial inoculation on seedling emergence and on plant growth are independent, and that emergence-stimulating bacteria may inhibit subsequent seedling growth.