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全国高效水土保持植物资源的概念范畴与分类 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
《中国水土保持》2019,(8)
高效水土保持植物突出种植高效、管护高效、生态高效、经济高效、社会高效"五个高效",落脚在"生态文明",在我国经济建设和生态环境建设两个主战场上都占有十分重要的地位。结合水土保持工作的特殊性,按其开发利用方向,可将我国高效水土保持植物资源初步划分为食用类、药用类、化工类和特用类等4个一级大类和18个二级类别。我国每一地区都有其各自适宜的植物资源,没有一种植物资源可以"包打天下",也没有一种植物资源能够开发出万能产品。在高效水土保持植物资源种植和开发工作中,应杜绝虚假宣传造势,力求脚踏实地,全心全意为人民服务。 相似文献
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为更好地开发和利用食用多肉植物资源,运用层次分析法(AHP),从食用价值、观赏性状和生态适应性3个方面,对上海地区引种栽培的30种食用多肉植物种质资源的综合价值进行评价和等级划分。结果显示,资源利用现状、株型和利用时间为影响食用多肉植物种质资源综合评价的主要因子,30种食用多肉植物的评价结果可划分为3个等级,其中Ⅰ级的食用多肉植物有3种,分别为匍地仙人掌、仙人镜、胧月,综合得分>4,其生长适应性强,且具有较高的食用价值和观赏价值,在上海甚至长江以南地区均可露地栽培。 相似文献
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凉粉草的种植前景及栽培技术浅析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《南方农业》2017,(5)
作为一种重要的药食两用植物资源,凉粉草在我国主要分布于台湾、浙江、江西、广东以及广西的部分区域。凉粉草具有消暑解渴的药用功能以及食用功能,被制成的凉粉也是南方的有名小吃,具有广阔的种植前景。基于此,介绍凉粉草的特性以及种植前景,重点对凉粉草的种植栽培技术进行阐述。 相似文献
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三峡库区坡耕地植物篱模式效益评价研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
植物篱具有保持水土、增加土壤肥力、改善土壤物理性质等功能, 且能增加农民收入、扩大就业, 是一项具有生态、经济和社会效益的复合农林技术。以位于三峡库区的重庆市江津区常见6 种植物篱模式(柑橘、沙梨、花椒、黄荆、桑树、紫背天葵)为对象, 遵循层次分析法原理, 从生态、经济和社会效益3 方面建立了三峡库区坡耕地植物篱模式效益评价指标体系。应用熵值法与专家评分法相结合计算指标权重, 利用熵权决策法对6 种常见植物篱模式进行效益评价。结果表明: 生态效益以黄荆类植物篱最好, 紫背天葵类植物篱最差;经济效益以花椒类植物篱最高, 黄荆类植物篱最低; 社会效益以桑树类植物篱最好, 紫背天葵类植物篱最差。综合效益以花椒类植物篱最高, 其次是桑树、柑橘、沙梨、黄荆植物篱, 紫背天葵类植物篱最差。 相似文献
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观赏竹是园林造景中重要的观赏植物之一,我国竹类植物资源十分丰富,开发利用竹类植物资源对园林建设具有重要意义。文章初步探讨了观赏竹在园林造景中的配植形式及竹与山石、水体、道路、园林建筑及其他园林植物组景等应用类型,以期为提高观赏竹类植物应用水平提供一定的实践和理论指导。 相似文献
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安阳市近10年来建成的水土保持工程的主要建设管理方式可分为3种,即:乡村组织治理,完成后分配给农户分散经营;乡村组织治理,由村成立专业队代表村集体管理;把小流域或荒山承包给个体或私人经济组织,由其自行治理和经营管护。3种建管方式中以后者为最优,其经济效益是分散经营管理的5倍、专业队经营管理的3.5倍。针对水保工程建设管理中存在的问题和适应农村税费改革等要求,提出了加快安阳市水保生态建设的建议。 相似文献
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我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。 相似文献
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为探讨硒、钴在提高苜蓿生长影响,在河南省沿黄滩区,开展了硒、钴单施和配施下对紫花苜蓿生长以及产量和品质影响研究。结果表明,硒、钴单施和配合基施均能够显著提高苜蓿从现蕾到开花期的净光合能力,降低呼吸消耗,提高单位叶面积干物质的生产速率,有利于苜蓿花前青干草生产和果实发育;其中,以硒570 g/hm2、钴762g/hm2配施下效果显著,青干草增产8.06%,种子千粒重可提高12.85%。单施钴和硒钴配施还能促进0—20 cm耕层苜蓿根瘤菌的生长和积累,增强苜蓿的固氮能力。说明硒钴合理基施对苜蓿青干草和优质种子生产具有很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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Much evidence has indicated that the occurrence of montmorillonite and vermiculite containing Al-interlayers is very common in solis, particularly acid soils. Viewed in the light of soil clay minerology, it would be required to investigate the properties of their original minerals. For the latter purpose, the Al-interlayer has been removed prior to the Mg-glycerol,K-saturation and heating tests for identification of montmorillonite and vermiculite. Its removal has been accomplished in sevsral ways; KOH plus KCl (1), NH4F, KCl plus HCl (2), Na-citrate (3),400C de hydroxylation-NaOH (4) dissolution. Although these methods are effective for the removal of Al-interlayers, they seem drastically to affect the minerals or are time-consuming. Inthe course of the study of hydroxy-Al interlaid complexes of expanding 2:1 layer lattice clay minerals, the authors have noticed the difference between the (001) spacings of hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite; the former exhibited the 20 A basal spacing at room temperature against the 14 A spacing of the latter. This difference might be useful for differentiating montnmorillonite-chlorite intergrades in soils. 相似文献
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平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。 相似文献
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The effects of biochar (maize biochar – MBC, wood biochar – WBC) and unfermented or fermented hydrochar (HTC) on the euedaphic Collembola Protaphorura fimata and on spring wheat were investigated in greenhouse experiments. The impact of char type, amount of fermented HTC, and MBC-Collembola interactions were assessed. Generally, shoot and root biomass as well as abundance of P. fimata were not affected by the different chars. However, with increasing amounts of fermented HTC the abundance of P. fimata declined, whereas shoot biomass of wheat increased. Moreover, MBC altered root morphology and resulted in thicker roots with higher volume. The latter was not apparent when Collembola were present. 相似文献
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Potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) were grown in the field on Tasmanian ferrosols (humic eutrudox) which had been limed either 2, 3, or 5 years earlier, and where tuber cadmium (Cd) concentrations in potatoes grown a few months after the liming had shown no lime response. In the current crops lime decreased potato tuber Cd by about 30% and carrot root Cd by about 50%. We attributed the decrease to more even and deeper mixing of the lime with the soil by the harvest of the first potatoes. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer residues from the earlier potato crops did not significantly affect tuber or root Cd, but there was a positive effect at 1 site where some high Cd P fertilizer had earlier been used. Neither lime nor P fertilizer residues affected potato or carrot yields. Analysis at one site of potato tubers from the upper part of the soil ridges showed that they had slightly higher Cd concentrations than did deeper tubers near the fertilizer band, whether P fertilizer was in the band or not. This suggests that either the Cd in the fertilizer band was relatively unimportant as a Cd source for the current crop, or that Cd was redistributed within the plant during the season, or both. Liming may be a suitable medium to long‐term strategy for decreasing Cd uptake by root crops, but site to site and seasonal variation can still be great, and knowledge of other major influences is needed for assurance of produce quality. Our observations need to be extended to sites which gives rise to higher Cd concentrations in agricultural produce, and to other soil types. Potato common scab was severe in the limed plots at one site. However, this site had grown 3 potato crops in 5 years, which probably exacerbated the disease. Potato processors in Tasmania demand a minimum of 5 years between successive crops which should slow any build up of scab due to liming, but more work on possible interactions between lime and rotation length on scab incidence is needed before liming can be recommended as a Cd control measure for potatoes. 相似文献
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水土流失动态监测与评价研究现状与问题 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13
美国等国家已将遥感、GIS技术广泛应用于水土流失动态监测与预报,并开发出基于物理过程的土壤侵蚀预报模型。中国在水土流失地面观测、遥感监测方面已取得许多成果,但在区域土壤侵蚀评价、预报模型开发方面,缺少系列化观测与统计数据,已有的坡面土壤侵蚀模型等在通用性、适用性方面还存在不少问题。当前急需解决的问题是建立水土流失监测与评价指标体系,开发评价模型系统,建立国家水土保持信息系统 相似文献