木薯加工废弃物转化有机肥料在辣椒栽培上的施用效果

研究不同施肥处理对辣椒农艺性状、品质、产量和土壤理化性状的影响,明确和完善有机肥ZH-2在辣椒上的施用效果,同时为辣椒优质高产栽培技术提供理论依据。以辣椒作为研究对象,施以不同肥料处理,分别测定辣椒农艺性状、品质、产量及土壤理化性状。施有机肥ZH-2后,除根长与不施肥处理之间的差异达到显著水平外,辣椒植株其他农艺性状和果实农艺性状指标都极显著高于对照。其中一级侧根数与椒肉厚两指标最高,同施国产无机复混肥之间的差异均达到显著水平,较各处理可分别提高10.00%～57.14%和1.38%～27.75%,其他农艺性状与两个施肥处理间未存在显著性差异。同时其叶绿素b含量与叶绿素总量最高,叶色为深绿色;还原糖与维生素C含量较其他施肥处理提高2.27%～38.46%、5.72%～21.27%;产量指标极显著高于对照,与两个施肥处理之间的差异不显著,单株产量、小区总产量比对照分别增产133.33%、131.49%。此外,施有机肥ZH-2后,土壤的理化性状也得到改善,土壤含水量、总孔度最大,容重、水气比最小,同时土壤团聚体含量、土壤有机质、全N、全K含量均为最高。有机肥ZH-2在提高辣椒品质和产量的同时,也兼具极佳的改土培肥效果,是一种值得在辣椒栽培上推广应用的新型肥料。     

木薯加工废弃物转化有机肥料在辣椒栽培上的施用效果简

研究不同施肥处理对辣椒农艺性状、品质、产量和土壤理化性状的影响，明确和完善有机肥ZH-2在辣椒上的施用效果，同时为辣椒优质高产栽培技术提供理论依据。以辣椒作为研究对象，施以不同肥料处理，分别测定辣椒农艺性状、品质、产量及土壤理化性状。施有机肥ZH-2后，除根长与不施肥处理之间的差异达到显著水平外，辣椒植株其他农艺性状和果实农艺性状指标都极显著高于对照。其中一级侧根数与椒肉厚两指标最高，同施国产无机复混肥之间的差异均达到显著水平，较各处理可分别提高10.00%～57.14%和1.38%～27.75%，其他农艺性状与两个施肥处理间未存在显著性差异。同时其叶绿素b含量与叶绿素总量最高，叶色为深绿色；还原糖与维生素C含量较其他施肥处理提高2.27%～38.46%、5.72%～21.27%；产量指标极显著高于对照，与两个施肥处理之间的差异不显著，单株产量、小区总产量比对照分别增产133.33%、131.49%。此外，施有机肥ZH-2后，土壤的理化性状也得到改善，土壤含水量、总孔度最大，容重、水气比最小，同时土壤团聚体含量、土壤有机质、全N、全K含量均为最高。有机肥ZH-2在提高辣椒品质和产量的同时，也兼具极佳的改土培肥效果，是一种值得在辣椒栽培上推广应用的新型肥料。     

有机肥ZH-1、ZH-2在白菜薹上的施用效果研究

测试了木薯加工废弃物生物发酵转化有机肥产品ZH-1、ZH-2在白菜薹上的应用效果设有机肥ZH-1(处理1)、有机肥ZH-2(处理2),并以高浓度复合肥(CK-1)、不施肥(CK-2)作为对照处理,通过田间栽培试验研究施用有机肥ZH-1和ZH-2对白菜薹经济性状、品质、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,3个施肥处理均起到促进白菜薹生长的效果,各指标测定结果显著或极显著优于不施肥处理(CK-2)。在施肥处理中,有机肥ZH-1和ZH-2处理白菜薹单位产量比同等养分条件下施用高浓度复合肥(CK-1)分别低6.92%和4.44%,但2个有机肥处理白菜薹的品质更好,商品质量更高,经济效益比施用高浓度复合肥(CK-1)分别提高32.32%和38.55%,其中有机肥ZH-2的综合施用效果尤为突出。因此,新型有机肥料产品ZH-1和ZH-2值得在白菜薹生产上应用推广。     

有机肥对花椰菜产量和经济性状的影响

为探讨施用有机肥对花椰菜产量和经济性状的影响,选用圣农有机肥在花椰菜上进行试验,结果表明:有机肥和化肥配合施用,能明显影响花椰菜产量及经济性状;比不施任何有机肥的对照、单施有机肥和常规施肥处理增产极显著。     

商品有机肥与无机肥料配施对白菜养分吸收、钙含量和产量的影响

以白菜为试材,在黑龙江省阿城白菜种植区进行田间试验,比较单施无机肥料(T1)、有机无机肥料配施(T2)、单施有机肥(T3)、石灰和无机肥(T4)、石灰和有机无机肥配施(T5)及石灰和有机肥(T6)处理白菜地上部养分吸收、体内钙含量和产量的变化。结果表明:有机无机肥料配施有利于白菜增产。T5和T2处理白菜产量最高,分别为57.362t/hm2和56.695t/hm2,分别较T6、T3高26.8%和17.0%。同时,有机无机肥配施有利于促进白菜对氮、磷、钾和钙的吸收,收获期白菜体内钙含量与产量线性相关。施用石灰能促进白菜对钙的吸收,从而达到增产的效果。将商品有机肥与无机肥料配施能提高白菜产量和对养分吸收的能力,是简便易行的增产施肥技术。     

有机肥和生物炭施用对猕猴桃果实品质的影响

以4年嫁接树龄的“贵长”猕猴桃为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,共设置4个试验处理,测定了不同施肥处理下猕猴桃的产量和品质指标,研究了生物炭和有机肥混施以及单施处理下对猕猴桃产量以及品质指标的影响,以期为“贵长”猕猴桃果实品质和产量的提升提供参考依据。结果表明:与对照相比,各施肥处理极显著提高了果实的产量及单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、糖酸比和维生素C含量,显著降低了可滴定酸含量;通过主成分分析得到各处理下的果实品质综合得分,表现为2种肥的混合配施效果优于单施,而单施优于对照。生物炭和有机肥的施入可以提升猕猴桃的果实品质和产量,其中生物炭肥和有机肥混合施肥的处理施肥效果最佳。     

有机无机肥料对大棚西瓜生长、养分含量及品质的影响

采用等量的氮、磷、钾施用量,研究施用有机肥、无机肥和配施有机无机肥对大棚西瓜生长、叶片养分含量、西瓜产量、果实成分和品质的影响。结果表明,植株生长,功能叶养分含量,西瓜产量,果实性状、各种糖分、有机酸含量及糖酸比在3种施肥处理间均无显著差异,但纯施有机肥的西瓜口感更好。施用有机肥的西瓜肥料成本比常规栽培高,但经济效益好。667m2施用商品有机肥1000kg可以满足西瓜生长发育对矿质养分的需求。     

有机无机肥配施对大棚黄瓜品质及产量的影响

以设施大棚黄瓜为试材,进行了有机肥与无机肥不同配比施用对黄瓜品质、产量和硝酸还原酶活性的影响研究.结果表明:在施氮量相同条件下,有机与无机肥的质量分数比为1:4时效应最佳,黄瓜粗蛋白质含量比不施肥处理、有机肥处理和无机肥处理分别增加4.0%、7.4%和3.1%,维生素C含量分别增加13.1%、17.1%和10.2%.各处理间黄瓜产量差异显著,有机无机肥配施处理中随无机肥所占比例增加黄瓜产量提高,无机肥处理比不施肥处理和有机肥处理分别增产36.0%和19.5%,比有机无机肥配施处理的平均增产14.3%.黄瓜硝酸盐含量随无机肥所占比例增加而降低,达到显著负相关水平,无机肥处理的黄瓜硝酸盐平均含量比不施肥处理和有机肥处理分别降低了24.1%和29.4%,比有机无机肥配施处理的平均含量降低了25.6%.有机无机肥配施对大棚土壤硝态氮含量的影响作用较小.黄瓜叶片硝酸还原酶活性与黄瓜硝酸盐含量呈极显著负相关,随配施肥中无机肥所占比例增加黄瓜叶片硝酸还原酶活性提高,是黄瓜硝酸盐含量降低的重要因素.     

有机无机配比施肥对'南果梨'园土壤理化性状的影响

在有机肥氮与无机肥氮按不同配比施用的情况下,研究‘南果梨’园土壤理化性状的变化规律。结果表明:随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤容重降低,单施有机肥显著降低0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层土壤的容重,提高了土壤的总孔隙度。有机无机配比施肥对土壤物理性质的影响不如有机肥,但高于化肥。施用有机肥显著提高了土壤有机质含量,随着有机肥比例的下降,土壤有机质、全氮、pH值有下降的趋势。有机无机配比施肥显著增加了20～40、40～60 cm土层土壤速效氮、磷、钾的含量。     

商品有机肥与无机肥配施对白菜品质和产量的影响

以白菜为试材,设6个处理,T1~T3处理分别为无机肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理和有机肥处理,以及在此基础上分别对应T1~T3处理,在莲座期和结球前期每垄施用1%浓度的石灰1 600mL,为T4~T6处理,研究了商品有机肥与无机肥配合施用及单独施用对白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T3、T6处理收获期硝酸盐含量分别较T1、T4处理下降了32.3%和35.2%;维生素C含量提高了30.0%和38.6%;可溶性糖含量升高了31.5%和34.5%。可见有机肥能够提高白菜品质,但对产量的贡献却不明显。而有机无机肥配施则能够在保证白菜品质的前提下,使产量提高2%~27%,与施用有机肥相比达到差异显著水平(P0.05)。施用石灰的处理各项指标均优于未施石灰的处理结果。说明均衡营养并配施有机无机肥能够起到提高白菜产量和品质的目的。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.