商品有机肥与无机肥配施对白菜品质和产量的影响

以白菜为试材,设6个处理,T1~T3处理分别为无机肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理和有机肥处理,以及在此基础上分别对应T1~T3处理,在莲座期和结球前期每垄施用1%浓度的石灰1 600mL,为T4~T6处理,研究了商品有机肥与无机肥配合施用及单独施用对白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T3、T6处理收获期硝酸盐含量分别较T1、T4处理下降了32.3%和35.2%;维生素C含量提高了30.0%和38.6%;可溶性糖含量升高了31.5%和34.5%。可见有机肥能够提高白菜品质,但对产量的贡献却不明显。而有机无机肥配施则能够在保证白菜品质的前提下,使产量提高2%~27%,与施用有机肥相比达到差异显著水平(P0.05)。施用石灰的处理各项指标均优于未施石灰的处理结果。说明均衡营养并配施有机无机肥能够起到提高白菜产量和品质的目的。     

有机肥和无机肥配施对小白菜生长和硝酸盐积累的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了有机肥与无机肥配施对小白菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施用有机肥以及有机无机肥料配施能获得与施用化学肥料更高或持平的单株产量;与单施化学肥料相比,施用有机肥以及有机无机肥料配施小白菜硝酸盐降低了36.4%～67.6%,增加了小白菜可溶性蛋白质、Vc及可溶性糖含量,提高了品质.     

不同种类有机肥对日光温室黄瓜及土壤的影响

以黄瓜"博耐一号"为试材,分析不同种类有机肥与无机肥配施对日光温室黄瓜产量、品质和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:生物有机肥与无机肥配施效果最好,黄瓜产量达到110.58t/hm2,比不施肥对照增产64.08%。有机肥、生物有机肥与无机肥配比都能够有效提高黄瓜维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖的含量,降低硝酸盐的含量,抑制土壤盐分积累,提高土壤有机质和其它养分含量。纯有机肥与无机肥配施效果有限,无法满足黄瓜整个生育期的需肥条件,而生物有机肥与无机肥配施,在生物菌的影响下,养分释放规律更能满足黄瓜生育期的需肥规律。     

有机与无机肥料配合对番茄产量和品质的影响

通过四个不同处理,在同等养分的基础上,有机肥料和无机肥料配合使用比单施有机肥料或无机肥料,在产量上经过方差分析在信度2值为0.01水准时,F 检验达到了37.87;F 值>F_(0.01)5.95,达到了极显著水平。在产量上各处理间差异显著情况下,采用 L.S.D 法进行比较,结果有机和无机肥配合使用比对照增产139%,单施有机肥料比对照增产113%。单施无机肥料比对照增产100%。     

有机与无机肥料配施对微型结球白菜生长及品质的影响

在施肥总量完全一致的条件下,研究有机、无机肥料不同配比对微型结球白菜生长、产量、产值以及营养品质的综合影响.试验结果表明,单施有机肥或单施无机化肥均比有机、无机肥料混配施用效果差;采用有机:无机=2:1处理的综合效果表现最好,其产量、净产值,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量最高,分别为41.946 t/hm2、7.93万元/hm2、40.2g/kg、3.8 g/g;粗纤维含量最低(93.4 mg/kg),维生素C(274.7 mg/kg)、硝酸盐(746.8 mg/kg)舍量中等.     

有机与无机肥料配施对微型结球白菜生长及品质的影响

在施肥总量完全一致的条件下,研究有机、无机肥料不同配比对微型结球白菜生长、产量、产值以及营养品质的综合影响。试验结果表明,单施有机肥或单施无机化肥均比有机、无机肥料混配施用效果差;采用有机∶无机=2∶1处理的综合效果表现最好,其产量、净产值,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量最高,分别为41.946t/hm2、7.93万元/hm2、40.2g/kg、3.8g/kg;粗纤维含量最低(93.4mg/kg),维生素C(274.7mg/kg)、硝酸盐(746.8mg/kg)含量中等。     

养殖废弃物生物有机肥料对藜蒿产量及肥料利用率的影响

研究了养殖废弃物生物有机肥料和化肥配施与单施化肥对云南藜蒿产量、相对干物质含量、土壤养分含量及肥料利用率的影响。试验结果表明,各施肥处理的藜蒿产量(21 273~29 110 kg/hm~2)均显著高于对照(17 765 kg/hm~2),其中有机无机肥配施处理的藜蒿产量(20 334~29 110 kg/hm~2)比单施化肥处理(21 273 kg/hm~2)增加19.8%~36.8%;同时,有机无机肥配施处理的藜蒿相对干物质含量比单施化肥处理提高了1.14%~5.48%;与单施化肥处理相比,有机无机肥配施处理明显提高了土壤养分含量、改善了土壤供肥特性、提高了肥料利用率;藜蒿地上部的养分积累量、肥料回收率和肥料农学利用效率及生理利用效率均显著提高。     

有机肥和生物炭对设施青菜生产及土壤养分积累利用的影响

为探明有机肥与生物炭对设施菜地种植及环境效应的影响,利用设施青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)田间小区进行试验,研究了有机肥、化肥单施和配施及添加生物炭对青菜产量和品质以及土壤养分和理化性状的影响。结果表明:与单施化肥处理相比,有机无机肥配施且添加生物炭的处理(T6),土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、可溶性盐含量分别降低了44.22%、25.19%、12.82%、41.97%;土壤有机质含量和pH分别增加了15.35%和7.16%;青菜可溶性糖、维生素C含量分别提高25.35%、8.13%;增产1.46%。有机无机肥配施且添加生物炭能有效改善土壤理化性质,减少化肥用量,促进青菜地上部磷钾养分的累积,提高青菜产量,改善青菜品质;同时减轻了设施菜地土壤盐渍化程度,增加了土壤pH,提高了土壤孔隙度。     

有机无机肥配施对大棚黄瓜品质及产量的影响

以设施大棚黄瓜为试材,进行了有机肥与无机肥不同配比施用对黄瓜品质、产量和硝酸还原酶活性的影响研究.结果表明:在施氮量相同条件下,有机与无机肥的质量分数比为1:4时效应最佳,黄瓜粗蛋白质含量比不施肥处理、有机肥处理和无机肥处理分别增加4.0%、7.4%和3.1%,维生素C含量分别增加13.1%、17.1%和10.2%.各处理间黄瓜产量差异显著,有机无机肥配施处理中随无机肥所占比例增加黄瓜产量提高,无机肥处理比不施肥处理和有机肥处理分别增产36.0%和19.5%,比有机无机肥配施处理的平均增产14.3%.黄瓜硝酸盐含量随无机肥所占比例增加而降低,达到显著负相关水平,无机肥处理的黄瓜硝酸盐平均含量比不施肥处理和有机肥处理分别降低了24.1%和29.4%,比有机无机肥配施处理的平均含量降低了25.6%.有机无机肥配施对大棚土壤硝态氮含量的影响作用较小.黄瓜叶片硝酸还原酶活性与黄瓜硝酸盐含量呈极显著负相关,随配施肥中无机肥所占比例增加黄瓜叶片硝酸还原酶活性提高,是黄瓜硝酸盐含量降低的重要因素.     

走出红提葡萄施肥的四大误区

1重化肥轻有机肥 有不少果农每年只重视给葡萄施化肥，而很少施有机肥。有的果农一连三年没施过有机肥，导致葡萄园土壤板结很严重，土壤通气性差，葡萄生长发育不良，产量低，质量差，经济效益不高。葡萄施肥应做到有机肥和化肥配合施用，并以有机肥为主，以化肥为辅。多施有机肥，不仅可以使土壤肥沃，而且可以改善土壤团粒结构，调解水、肥、气、热等。有机肥对无机肥有极大的促进作用：一是能吸附和保存无机肥料中的养分，减少挥发、流失和被其他元素固定；二是分解出的有机肥可以溶解一些难溶性养分供葡萄吸收利用；三是增加土壤中的有机质，疏松土壤，减轻由于长期施化肥而造成的土壤板结。当然，无机肥对有机肥也有良好的促进作用。一般成龄葡萄园每年每667m^2应施优质有机肥3500kg以上。为了提高土壤养分利用率，可加施一部分活性生物菌肥。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。