益生菌的功能及其在生猪养殖产业中的应用

益生菌属于微生物制剂,其主要是作为抗生素替代物在各类新型饲料中添加,用于现代化养殖业中.本文对益生菌的功能及其在生猪养殖产业中的应用进行探析,综述益生菌对生猪肠道健康、营养运用、应激等影响的,旨在对益生菌在生猪养殖中的应用展开深度挖掘,推动生猪养殖业全面健康发展.     

益生菌的功能及其在生猪养殖产业中的应用

益生菌是一类微生物制剂,其代替抗生素作为新型饲料添加剂广泛应用于农业领域。本文结合国内外最新研究进展,综述了益生菌对猪肠道健康、营养利用、应激的影响以及在生猪养猪业的应用,旨在为益生菌在生猪养殖中的深度发掘及推广提供理论参考。     

发酵饲料及其在生猪生产中的应用研究进展

随着饲料“禁抗”政策的实施,大量研究表明,益生菌发酵饲料可作为抗生素替代品广泛应用于生猪养殖中。发酵饲料可提高饲料利用率,维持猪肠道菌群平衡,增强机体免疫力。本文综述了发酵饲料的类型及加工工艺,在生猪养殖上的明显优势和广泛应用,以及对养殖环境的影响,并对发酵饲料未来应用的趋势进行了展望。 [关键词]生猪生产|益生菌|发酵饲料|研究进展     

益生菌在猪不同生产阶段中的应用

益生菌作为抗生素的替代品之一，广泛应用于猪生产的各个阶段。在生猪养殖中加入益生菌能够提高机体免疫力、维持肠道健康、提高营养物质吸收效率。本文对益生菌在妊娠及哺乳期母猪、断奶仔猪、生长育肥猪不同阶段的应用情况进行综述，总结了益生菌对机体生理、免疫和生产性能的影响，以期为益生菌在猪业生产中的应用提供参考。     

探析益生菌的功能及其在生猪养殖产业中的应用

益生菌是指有助于宿主健康生长的微生物及其细胞,将其作为饲料添加剂,可为生猪生长发育提供营养与保健支持。基于此,文章从益生菌的功能入手,结合生猪养殖产业实践,总结益生菌在生猪养殖产业中的应用,为益生菌在生猪养殖产业的推广应用提供帮助。     

商品猪全程绿色高效无抗饲料配制技术体系

在饲料禁抗政策约束下,商品猪(特别是刚断奶仔猪)肠道健康问题成为制约生猪健康养殖的核心问题。近年来益生菌、有机酸、酶制剂、植物提取物、发酵饲料、中短链脂肪酸等替抗产品在改善猪肠道健康方面取得了较好的应用效果。本文通过组合益生菌、酸化剂、酶制剂、中短链脂肪酸等替抗产品,并优化饲料原料预处理和饲料加工工艺,集成了商品猪全程绿色高效无抗饲料配制技术体系,以期为饲料生产企业和养猪场提供借鉴。     

益生菌对猪肠道菌群的调控研究进展

<正>随着肠道微生态学的发展,人们逐渐认识到益生菌对于维持动物肠道菌群平衡发挥着重要作用。本文综述了猪肠道菌群的建立和分布、益生菌对肠道菌群的调控作用以及益生菌制剂的合理应用等问题,旨在为益生菌     

益生菌对肉鸡肠黏膜免疫屏障的影响

肉鸡肠道疾病严重影响着养鸡业的发展,利用益生菌防治肉鸡的肠道疾病已成为当今的研究热点。本文综述了益生菌的特点、肠黏膜免疫屏障、益生菌对肉鸡肠黏膜免疫屏障的作用(调节肠道内微生物的平衡、预防和治疗肠道炎症、增强肠道的免疫屏障),旨在阐明益生菌在肉鸡肠黏膜免疫屏障中的研究进展,为规模化养殖场合理使用益生菌提供理论依据。     

益生菌对猪肠道健康的影响及其应用研究

益生菌通过调控猪肠道菌群的数量和丰度、产生生物活性物质和降低肠道p H等路径有效改善肠道微生态环境,增加猪体免疫力,促进猪肠道对营养物质的吸收,提高生产性能以及改善猪胴体品质。文章综述了益生菌的种类及特性、益生菌的作用机理及其在猪生产中的应用,以期为益生菌改善猪肠道健康的深入研究提供理论支持和实践借鉴。     

益生菌在恢复家兔肠道菌群平衡和解决腹泻中的作用

益生菌是一类有益于宿主健康的活性微生物,可以通过调节家兔肠道菌群的平衡和增强肠道屏障功能来发挥作用,能够抑制有害菌的生长,提高消化道内营养物质的吸收利用,增强免疫系统的功能,从而维持肠道健康。本文从益生菌对家兔肠道菌群的影响,益生菌治疗机制的探索等方面探讨益生菌在恢复家兔肠道菌群平衡和解决腹泻中的作用,分析了当前研究的局限性和未来研究方向,有助于推动益生菌在家兔腹泻治疗中的临床应用,为家兔肠道健康提供更全面的保障。     

Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,faecal microbial shedding,faecal score and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of multistrain probiotics in weaning pigs. A total of 125 28‐day‐old weaning pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial average body weight (BW) of 7.26 ± 0.76 kg were randomly allotted into 5 treatments, 5 replicate pens/treatment with 5 pigs/pen for 42‐day experiment. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; PC1, CON + 0.01% multistrain probiotics; PC2, CON + 0.03% multistrain probiotics; PC3, CON + 0.06% multistrain probiotics; PC4, CON + 0.1% multistrain probiotics. On day 14, pigs fed the PC4 diet had higher BW gain than pigs fed the CON diet. On day 42, pigs fed multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher BW gain than pigs fed the CON diet. From days 1 to 14, pigs fed the PC2, PC3 and PC4 diets had higher (p < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the CON diet. From day 15 to 42, pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and gain: feed ratio (G:F) than pigs fed the CON diet. In the overall period, pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher (p < 0.05) ADG and pigs fed the PC2 and PC4 diets had higher (p < 0.05) G:F than pigs fed the CON diet. On day 42, pigs fed the PC4 diet had higher (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE), faecal Lactobacillus counts and lower (p < 0.05) E. coli counts and NH₃ emission than pigs fed the CON diet. Pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had lower (p < 0.05) H₂S and total mercaptans emissions than pigs fed the CON diet. Conclusions, dietary supplementation with 0.1% probiotics improved growth performance, nutrition digestibility and intestinal microflora balance and decreased faecal noxious gas emissions in weaning pigs.     

Administration of probiotics influences F4 (K88)-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli attachment and intestinal cytokine expression in weaned pigs

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of the probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii on the intestinal colonization of O149 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli harbouring the F4 (K88) fimbriae (ETEC F4) and on the expression of ileal cytokines in weaned pigs. At birth, different litters of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) control without antibiotics or probiotics (CTRL); 2) reference group in which chlortetracycline and tiamulin were added to weanling feed (ATB); 3) P. acidilactici; 4) S. cerevisiae boulardii; or 5) P. acidilactici + S. cerevisiae boulardii. Probiotics were administered daily (1 × 109 CFU per pig) during the lactation period and after weaning (day 21). At 28 days of age, all pigs were orally challenged with an ETEC F4 strain, and a necropsy was performed 24 h later. Intestinal segments were collected to evaluate bacterial colonization in the small intestine and ileal cytokine expressions. Attachment of ETEC F4 to the intestinal mucosa was significantly reduced in pigs treated with P. acidilactici or S. cerevisiae boulardii in comparison with the ATB group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). In addition, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, were upregulated in ETEC F4 challenged pigs treated with P. acidilactici alone or in combination with S. cerevisiae boulardii compared with the CTRL group. In conclusion, the administration of P. acidilactici or S. cerevisiae boulardii was effective in reducing ETEC F4 attachment to the ileal mucosa, whereas the presence of P. acidilactici was required to modulate the expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines in pigs challenged with ETEC F4.     

Effect of administration of acid‐ and bile‐tolerant lactobacilli on pigs intestinal microbial population

The effects of the administration of four Lactobacillus strains as probiotics on the constitution of microbial populations in the intestine of pigs were investigated by using a litter of pigs. The experimental group was fed a diet blended with the freeze‐dried powder containing lactobacilli at a concentration of 0.2% (W/W). After 4 weeks of probiotics administration, the total viable count of anaerobes in the feces was not significantly different between the pigs fed a diet supplemented with probiotics and the pigs given the non‐supplemented diet. However, viable counts of eubacteria were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the feces of pigs fed a diet supplemented with probiotics than in the pigs given the non‐supplemented diet. Conversely, viable counts of clostridia were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the feces of pigs fed a diet supplemented with probiotics than the pigs given the non‐supplemented diet. The total volatile fatty acid concentrations in the feces of pigs that were given a diet supplemented with probiotics were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those given the non‐supplemented diet. Further, the molar proportion of n‐butyric acids in the feces of pigs that were given a diet supplemented with probiotics, was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those given the non‐supplemented diet.     

哺乳仔猪断奶前后肠道微生物培养组学研究

近年来国内外研究人员通过下一代测序和分离培养技术,结合宏基因组学相关的生物信息学手段证实了猪肠道微生物的组成及其代谢物活性对宿主的健康具有重要作用。受限于传统培养方法,猪肠道中大多数细菌仍无法培养,因此,为了突破研究人员研究宿主-菌株相互关系及益生菌株开发应用的限制,本研究对仔猪断奶前后回肠和结肠内容物微生物进行高通量培养组学研究。结合需氧和厌氧条件、不同培养时间以及25种不同培养基,共筛选获得1385株厌氧、好氧和兼性厌氧菌株,并全部进行了16S rRNA全长测序鉴定和菌株保存,共计获得5个门、29个属和86个种菌,其中包含梭杆菌、拟杆菌等在以前的研究中较难分离获得的菌株,以及一些如乳酸菌等具有潜在应用价值的益生菌,更为重要的是其中包含116株疑似新菌种。本研究获得的菌株信息可以进一步完善猪肠道微生物物种数据库,为后续宿主-菌株相互关系研究垫定了基础,对猪饲用益生菌相关产品开发研究具有重要意义。     

Dietary inclusion of multispecies probiotics to reduce the severity of post-weaning diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli F18+ in pigs

This study was aimed to determine the efficacy of multispecies probiotics in reducing the severity of post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18⁺ on newly weaned pigs. Thirty-two pigs (16 barrows and 16 gilts, BW = 6.99 ± 0.33 kg) at 21 d of age were individually allotted in a randomized complete block design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Pigs were selected from sows not infected previously and not vaccinated against ETEC. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 25 d based on 10 d phase 1 and 15 d phase 2. The factors were ETEC challenge (oral inoculation of saline solution or E. coli F18⁺ at 2 × 10⁹ CFU) and probiotics (none or multispecies probiotics 0.15% and 0.10% for phase 1 and 2, respectively). Body weight and feed intake were measured on d 5, 9, 13, 19, and 25. Fecal scores were measured daily. Blood samples were taken on d 19 and 24. On d 25, all pigs were euthanized to obtain samples of digesta, intestinal tissues, and spleen. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), malondialdehyde (MDA), peptide YY (PYY), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were measured in serum and intestinal tissue. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The fecal score of pigs was increased (P < 0.05) by ETEC challenge at the post–challenge period. The ETEC challenge decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height and crypt depth, tended to increase (P = 0.056) jejunal TNFα, increased (P < 0.05) ileal crypt depth, and decreased (P < 0.05) serum NPY. The probiotics decreased (P < 0.05) serum TNFα, tended to reduce (P = 0.064) jejunal MDA, tended to increase (P = 0.092) serum PYY, and increased (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height, and especially villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in challenged pigs. Growth performance of pigs were not affected by ETEC challenge, whereas the probiotics increased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI and tended to increase (P = 0.069) G:F ratio. In conclusion, ETEC F18⁺ challenge caused diarrhea, intestinal inflammation and morphological damages without affecting the growth performance. The multispecies probiotics enhanced growth performance by reducing intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, morphological damages.     

Effect of orally administered probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 on intestinal mucosal immune cells of healthy young pigs

Several beneficial effects of probiotics have been described in studies using rodent disease models and in human patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remained mostly unclear. Only a few studies focused on the effects of probiotics on the intestinal mucosal immune system. Here, we studied the effect of the probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) administered orally to young pigs at two concentrations (10(9) and 10(11)CFU/d for 21 days) on the gut-associated lymphatic tissue. This probiotic strain was shown recently to reduce recurrence of inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients. We quantified the number and distribution of intestinal immune cells (granulocytes, mast cells, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, IgA+ lymphocytes) and the mucosal mRNA expression of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-10) and antimicrobial peptides (PR-39, NK-lysin, prepro-defensin-beta 1, protegrins). The number and distribution of cells were highly different between small intestinal and colon segments in all groups, but were not influenced by EcN, except high dose EcN fed pigs (10(11) CFU/d) showing an increase in mucosal CD8+ cells in the ascending colon. The mRNA analysis revealed no changes associated with EcN feeding. In conclusion, according to our analyses EcN has only minor effects on the distribution of mucosal immune cells in the gut of healthy individuals. The well-established preventive effects of EcN might therefore be relate to other mechanisms than simple modulation of immune cell distribution.     

益生菌维护肠道健康及抗病毒作用研究进展

动物肠道存在复杂的微生物群落,适宜的微环境有利于多种肠道微生物的定植生长。肠道健康是保证动物机体健康的基础,也是当前国内外学者所关注的热点问题。益生菌是对肠道健康有益的微生物,在改善动物肠道健康领域具有极大的潜力。益生菌对病原微生物侵袭有一定的抑制作用,对部分病毒也具有一定的预防及清除作用,但不同菌株作用效果存在较大差异。作者首先将益生菌对肠道健康的保护概括为益生菌抑制病原菌入侵和定植、改善肠道屏障功能、维持肠道健康菌群、提高机体免疫力4种方式,并探讨了不同菌株的作用方式;其次简述了益生菌抗肠道病毒的作用机制,其中,益生菌通过间接方式调节机体免疫是其抗病毒的主要方式;最后讨论了近年来益生菌在轮状病毒、流行性腹泻病毒和传染性胃肠炎病毒中应用的研究进展,并对益生菌的发展前景进行了展望,以期为益生菌在改善动物肠道健康的研究及产品的开发方面提供一定的参考依据。     

益生菌对肠道黏膜免疫影响的研究进展

一些选择性益生菌株具有抑制肠道疾病炎性因子产生、稳定菌群、改善肠道黏膜免疫系统的功能。结合炎症性肠炎(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD),介绍某些选择性益生菌(probiotics)通过调节炎性细胞因子1β-白介素、γ-干扰素的表达,改善肠道黏膜炎症,控制疾病的进一步恶化。作者将从肠道黏膜的重要性,益生菌与Toll样受体、核转录因子(NF-κB)的关系,以及益生菌对肠道黏膜免疫影响等方面进行论述,进而探讨其作用机制,为进一步研究益生菌调节宿主肠道黏膜免疫提供新的思路。     

益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫影响的研究进展

益生菌在健康硬骨鱼肠道中不仅起到抑制致病微生物的作用,而且更重要的是,益生菌能够刺激和增强肠道黏膜免疫系统,在肠道免疫中起重要作用。近年来,硬骨鱼黏膜免疫因其多样性及其不明确的定义,已成为热门的研究课题。硬骨鱼与水生环境直接接触,使肠道黏膜表面易受各种病原体的侵袭。免疫调节是硬骨鱼中有效的预防性措施,而益生菌能够提高肠道黏膜表面固有的免疫活性细胞和因子,对病原体起颉颃作用。益生菌主要通过口服方式进入鱼体,而肠道作为其主要靶器官,对鱼体产生特异性免疫应答。因此,关于益生菌影响肠道黏膜免疫系统的研究值得关注。相比于哺乳动物,硬骨鱼具有更加弥散的肠淋巴系统。局部免疫应答所必需的免疫细胞大量存在于肠道黏膜中,并且可以在免疫后的鱼体肠道中监测到局部免疫应答。文章综述了近年来硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫系统以及益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫的影响,并对鱼类益生菌的进一步研究进行了展望,以期为后续研究益生菌与硬骨鱼之间相互作用提供参考。     

寡糖和益生素对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

试验选择90头生长育肥猪完全随机设计分成5组, 每组3个重复,每个重复6头。试验组在基础日粮中分别添加1%益生素,0.2%异麦芽低聚糖,0.075‰金霉素和1%益生素+0.1%异麦芽低聚糖,观察其对育肥猪生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明, 添加1%益生素,0.2%异麦芽低聚糖和1%益生素+0.1%异麦芽低聚糖组育肥猪平均日增重均显著高于未添加组(P<0.05),和金霉素组相比,无显著差异。添加1%益生素,0.2%异麦芽低聚糖和1%益生素+0.1%异麦芽低聚糖组血清总SOD均高于未添加组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),和金霉素组相比,也无显著差异(P>0.05)。