氟对兔生长性能、血液学及血浆生化指标的影响

为了探讨氟对兔生长性能、血液学及血浆生化指标的影响,选用24只40日龄新西兰兔,雌雄各半,随机分成对照组与加氟组,饲养60d后,检测兔生长性能、血液学及血浆生化指标。结果表明:加氟组兔血液中淋巴细胞数显著降低(P<0.01),血浆中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著降低(P<0.01),γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-GT)活性显著升高(P<0.01),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著升高(P<0.05);加氟组兔血浆中肌酐(Cr)含量显著升高(P<0.05)、尿酸(UA)含量显著升高(P<0.01);与对照组比较,加氟组兔血浆中总胆固醇(TCHO)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)均显著升高,但甘油三酯(TG)显著降低(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,饮水中氟的剂量高达200mg/L时,短期内对兔的生产性能无明显影响,但可以降低血液中的淋巴细胞数,降低了兔的免疫防御能力,并导致兔的肝脏、肾脏的功能以及血脂成分发生改变。     

饲粮镁对肉仔鸡生长、组织镁浓度及抗氧化功能的影响

研究比较了天门冬氨酸镁和氧化镁对肉仔鸡镁营养状态及肝脏和脾脏等组织抗氧化酶能力的影响。将252只1日龄的AA肉仔鸡随机分为7个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。天门冬氨酸镁和氧化镁的添加水平为0.9、1.8、2.7g/kg日粮,基础日粮组作为不添加镁的对照组。日粮中添加镁能显著提高血清、肝脏和脾脏中的镁浓度(P<0.01),天门冬氨酸镁比氧化镁更能有效地提高血清和肝脏中的镁含量(P<0.01)。肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,随天门冬氨酸镁添加量的增加线性增加(P<0.01),随氧化镁添加量的增加呈二次曲线增加(P<0.05)。天门冬氨酸镁比氧化镁更有效地增强肝脏中CAT的活性(P<0.01)。脾脏CAT的活性随天门冬氨酸镁(P<0.05)或氧化镁(P<0.01)添加量的增加线性增加。肝脏(P<0.05)和脾脏(P<0.01)丙二醛MDA的浓度随氧化镁或天门冬氨酸镁添加量的增加线性降低。天门冬氨酸镁比氧化镁更有效地降低肝脏中的MDA浓度(P<0.01)。结果表明:日粮中添加镁能显著改善肉仔鸡各种组织中镁的含量,并能提高肝脏和脾脏等组织中抗氧化酶的活性,降低脂质过氧化水平。     

饲料中添加发酵中草药对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响

试验旨在研究发酵中草药对京红蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响。选取体重相近、饲养管理水平一致的54周龄京红蛋鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复60只蛋鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药。预试期10 d,正式试验期56 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡产蛋率显著提高(P<0.05),蛋黄比例及蛋壳强度极显著升高(P<0.01),蛋白比例及蛋黄胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白及钙含量极显著升高(P<0.01),血清总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01),低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯含量及肝脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏高密度脂蛋白含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。试验表明,京红蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加4 g/kg发酵中草药可以提高京红蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率,改善蛋品质和脂代谢能力。     

饲粮卵磷脂添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肝脏营养成分及肝脏和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮卵磷脂添加水平对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肝脏营养成分及肝脏和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重一致的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡500只,随机分成5个组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加500、1000、1500和2000 mg/kg卵磷脂。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21和42日龄肉鸡平均体重呈二次曲线升高(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,42日龄肉鸡半净膛率和全净膛率呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡腿肌率呈线性升高(P<0.05)。3)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡新鲜样本基础和干物质基础上肝脏有机物含量呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),42日龄肉鸡新鲜样本基础和干物质基础上肝脏有机物和粗脂肪含量均呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡肝脏总胆固醇含量呈线性升高(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡肝脏甘油三酯含量呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.01)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1000、1500和2000 mg/kg卵磷脂显著降低了21和42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),饲粮添加2000 mg/kg卵磷脂显著降低21和42日龄肉鸡血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。随着饲粮卵磷脂添加水平的增加,21日龄肉鸡血清低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量呈线性降低(P<0.05),42日龄肉鸡血清甘油三酯含量呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加卵磷脂能够提高肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能,调节肝脏和血清脂质代谢,降低血清尿素氮含量。以肉鸡平均体重为判断指标,推荐1~21日龄和22~42日龄肉鸡基础饲粮中卵磷脂添加水平分别为952和1246 mg/kg。     

纤维素酶曲添加剂对鹿茸产量及饲料消化率的影响

先后分3批次,对176头梅花鹿进行了增茸试验。结果,添喂纤维素酶曲组比对照组,鹿茸产量分别提高17.38%、26.78%和31.81%,平均每头增产129g。试验组采食量比对照组低7.48%,饲料消化率随纤维素酶曲添加水平的提高而提高。粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化率在添喂纤维素酶曲70g/头组,分别提高9.48%(P<0.01.)、7.82%(P<0.05)和8.81%(P<0.01).试验组鹿茸氨基酸和无机元素含量都有增加的趋势。血清氨基酸除胱氨酸和组氨酸外,其它氨基酸试验组均有不同程度的提高,无机元素含量除锰外,其它元素试验组均高于对照组。     

獭兔日粮中添加酶制剂的效果

以90只生长獭兔为试验动物,研究日粮中添加酸性蛋白酶(P)和纤维素酶(C)对日增重的影响,并对经济效益进行分析。结果表明,日粮中添加0.75%和1.5%的纤维素酶后日增重分别比对照组提高16.88%(P<0.05)和20.55%(P<0.01);添加0.75%P+0.75%C和0.75%P+1.5%C后日增重分别比对照组提高17.62%(P<0.05)和22.82%(P<0.01);各试验组间无显著差异(P>0.05);经济效益以添加0.75%P+1.5%C为最好,每千克增重较对照组降低成本1.68元。     

黄芪多糖对断奶仔兔免疫功能的影响

为研究黄芪多糖对仔兔免疫功能的影响,试验选取30日龄断奶仔兔80只,随机分为4组,每组20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组,分别在基础日粮中加入100、200和400mg/kg的黄芪多糖,试验期为28d。结果表明,试验各组免疫器官指数、T淋巴细胞阳性率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),IgA和IgG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示,在饲料中添加黄芪多糖可以增强仔兔的免疫功能。     

甘草和芦丁配伍对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质以及抗氧化水平的影响

旨在研究甘草和芦丁配伍使用对产蛋后期海兰褐壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清激素和抗氧化水平、肠黏膜抗氧化水平的影响。选取产蛋数相近的380日龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡300只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组,仅饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别在饲喂基础日粮的基础上添加甘草+芦丁(300 mg/kg+100 mg/kg、300 mg/kg+200 mg/kg、600 mg/kg+100 mg/kg、600 mg/kg+200 mg/kg)。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,在试验后3周,Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组产蛋率均显著提高(P<0.05)。Ⅴ组的平均蛋重较对照组有极显著提高(P<0.01)。各试验组的料蛋比较对照组均有极显著下降(P<0.01)。在试验第6周,Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组蛋形指数和蛋壳厚度较对照组均有极显著提高(P<0.01)。在血清激素水平方面,试验组与对照组相比,Ⅴ组血清中雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)的含量均有显著增加(P<0.05);Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组血清中促卵泡素(FSH)的含量均有极显著增加(P<0.01);在抗氧化水平...     

黄芩素对22~63日龄湘黄肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、血脂状态及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究黄芩素对22~63日龄湘黄肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、血脂状态及肉品质的影响。选择200只初始体重相近的健康22日龄湘黄肉鸡,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.10、0.20、0.30和0.40 g/kg黄芩素。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,22~42日龄,0.20 g/kg黄芩素组平均日采食量(ADFI)显著降低(P<0.05),0.30 g/kg黄芩素组ADFI显著增加(P<0.05),各试验组平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)和死亡率均无显著差异(P>0.05);43~63日龄,各试验组ADFI均显著降低(P<0.05),而ADG、F/G和死亡率均无显著差异(P>0.05);22~63日龄,0.20 g/kg黄芩素组ADFI和F/G均显著降低(P<0.05),0.40 g/kg黄芩素组ADG显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组死亡率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,0.20 g/kg黄芩素组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著增加(P<0.05),0.30 g/kg黄芩素组血清IgA和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著增加(P<0.05);各试验组血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量均显著增加(P<0.05),而血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,0.10和0.20 g/kg黄芩素组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著增加(P<0.05),各试验组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢(H 2O 2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);0.20 g/kg黄芩素组肝脏T-AOC和T-SOD活性均显著增加(P<0.05),0.10 g/kg黄芩素组肝脏T-AOC显著增加(P<0.05),各试验组肝脏H 2O 2含量均显著降低(P<0.05),而肝脏GSH-Px活性、GSH和MDA含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,0.30 g/kg黄芩素组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组血清甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)与对照组相比,0.40 g/kg黄芩素组胸肌屠宰后24 h黄度值显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组胸肌屠宰后24 h亮度值均显著降低(P<0.05),而屠宰后45 min pH与亮度、红度、黄度值以及屠宰后24 h pH、红度值、剪切力和滴水损失率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,黄芩素可改善22~63日龄湘黄肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、血脂状态和肉品质,综合考虑,饲粮中黄芩素的适宜添加量为0.20~0.30 g/kg。     

半胱胺对中华宫廷黄鸡生长及相关生理生化指标影响的研究

选用1日龄健康中华宫廷黄鸡雏鸡200只 ,随机分为2组 ,分别为试验组和对照组 ,每组10个重复 ,每个重复10只。试验组在对照组日粮的基础上每隔5天添加半胱胺1次 ,剂量为100mg/kg 体重。试验结果表明 ,1～30和31～50日龄试验组与对照组比较 :总增重分别提高了9.10 %和7.58 %(P<0.01) ;饲料/增重比分别降低3.40 %和6.00 % ;血浆生长激素水平分别提高45.16 %(P<0.01)和39.71 %(P<0.05) ;血浆生长抑素水平分别降低44.42 %和42.97 %(P<0.01) ;血浆中游离氨基酸含量分别降低26.53 %和23.46 %(P<0.05) ;血浆中氨态氮浓度分别降低12.93 %和13.55 %。日粮添加半胱胺对中华宫廷黄鸡生长有明显促进作用。     

母体埋植褪黑激素对子一代獭兔内脏组织中RORα基因表达的影响

本研究旨在探讨獭兔母体埋植褪黑激素(MT)对RORα基因在子一代獭兔内脏组织中的表达及影响,选择110只相近月龄的健康母獭兔同日配种,第5日后选出已确定妊娠的母兔76只,随机平均分为2组,对照组母兔不做处理,试验组母兔埋植10 mg MT。在仔兔出生第1天时每组选15只宰杀,取皮肤、肌肉、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、肾脏及十二指肠组织样品,测定仔兔组织样品中RORα基因的表达量,结果表明:RORα基因在子一代獭兔各组织中的表达量与表达模式均不同,该基因在子一代獭兔皮肤组织中的表达水平极显著上调,在肌肉、肺脏组织中显著上调,在肝脏组织中极显著下调,在心脏、肾脏组织中显著下调,在十二指肠中的表达与对照组相比无显著变化。     

Effect of Nigella sativa on glucose concentration, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant defence system and liver damage in experimentally-induced diabetic rabbits

This study was carried out to investigate whether Nigella sativa could decrease the lipid peroxidation, increase the anti-oxidant defence system and also prevent the lipid-peroxidation-induced liver damage in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits. Fifteen New Zealand male rabbits were divided into three experimental groups: control, diabetic and diabetic and N. sativa-treated. The diabetes mellitus (DMI) was induced in the rabbits using 150 mg/kg of 10% alloxan. The diabetic + N. sativa-treated group was given extract of N. sativa seeds orally every day for 2 months after induction of DM. At the end of the 2-month experiment, blood samples were collected to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin and glucose concentration, and livers were harvested for histopathological analysis. Treatment with N. sativa decreased the elevated glucose and MDA concentrations, increased the lowered GSH and ceruloplasmin concentrations, and prevented lipid-peroxidation-induced liver damage in diabetic rabbits. It was concluded that N. sativa might be used in diabetic patients to prevent lipid peroxidation, increase anti-oxidant defence system activity and also prevent liver damage.     

The role of antioxidant vitamins (C and E), selenium and Nigella sativa in the prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in rabbits: new hopes

This experiment was carried out to investigate the role of antioxidants such as vitamin C and E, selenium and Nigella sativa (NS) on the prevention of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rabbits. It was found that superoxide dismutase (SOD) values in all of the treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control at 12th week of experiment (p < 0.05), while at 6th week and 12th week of experiment glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values in the vitamin C treated group were significantly different from the control (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, hepatocellular necrosis, degeneration and advanced fibrosis were found in the control group. Lesions were minor and only confined to midzonal regions without centrilobular necrosis and fibrosis in the NS treated animals (group B). The lesions observed in the vitamin C treated animals (group C) were similar to that of the control group. Parenchymal changes with fibrosis were less in selenium and vitamin E treated animals (group D) than in those of the control group, but more obvious than in NS group. Histopathological findings demonstrate that NS might, at least partly, be successful in the prevention of liver fibrosis in rabbits. Vitamin E plus selenium had little therapeutic effect and vitamin C seemed to be ineffective, as far as the results of this study are concerned.     

饲粮中添加泛酸对生长獭兔肝脏脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加泛酸对生长獭兔肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。试验选用体重相似的断奶獭兔160只,随机分为4组,每组40个重复,每个重复1只。对照组獭兔饲喂基础饲粮,试验组獭兔分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加10、20和40 mg/kg泛酸的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加40 mg/kg泛酸显著降低了生长獭兔肩胛、胃周和肾周脂肪沉积率(P0.05);饲粮中添加10~20 mg/kg泛酸显著降低了生长獭兔肝脏中脂滴的含量(P0.05)。饲粮中泛酸添加水平对生长獭兔血浆中总胆固醇和白蛋白的含量无显著影响(P0.05);随着饲粮中泛酸添加水平的升高,生长獭兔血浆中甘油三酯的含量先降低后趋于稳定,20、40 mg/kg添加组显著低于对照组(P0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮中添加20~40 mg/kg泛酸显著升高了生长獭兔血浆中极低密度脂蛋白的含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加40 mg/kg泛酸显著增加了肝脏中激素敏感脂酶(HSL)和骨骼肌中脂肪酸转运蛋白(FATP)基因的表达量(P0.05);饲粮中添加20~40 mg/kg泛酸显著增加了肝脏中肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)基因的表达量(P0.05);饲粮中添加10~40 mg/kg泛酸显著增加了肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)基因和骨骼肌中CPT1基因的表达量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加泛酸影响生长獭兔肝脏内脂肪代谢,泛酸添加水平为40 mg/kg时可降低肝脏内脂肪的沉积,并能降低机体脂肪沉积率,增加骨骼肌对脂肪酸的摄取和利用。     

葡萄籽提取物原花青素对肉兔生长发育、血清酶活性及消化代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究葡萄籽提取物原花青素（Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts,GSPE）对肉兔生长发育、血清酶活性及消化代谢的影响。采用单因子随机区组试验设计,选择128只60日龄、体质量相近的健康新西兰兔,随机分为4组（1个对照组和3个试验组）,每组32个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、200、400mg/kg GSPE的试验饲粮。试验期为39d,其中预试期为6d,正试期为33d。正试期第10~15天收集试验兔排出的全部粪便和尿液。结果显示：4组试验兔死亡率和腹泻率分别为12.50%、6.25%、3.13%、3.13%和1.95%、1.52%、1.17%、0.59%;对照组试验兔日增重、日干物质进食量及血清碱性磷酸酶活性均显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）低于200mg/kg组和400mg/kg组,而料重比及谷丙与谷草转氨酶活性均显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）高于后者;对照组试验兔屠宰率显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）低于其余3组,而400mg/kg组试验兔脾脏相对质量极显著（P〈0.01）高于其余3组;对照组试验兔十二指肠相对重量、相对长度及密度、空肠相对长度、盲肠相对质量、全肠道相对质量与相对长度及胃肠道相对质量均显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）低于200mg/kg组和400mg/kg组,空肠相对质量、盲肠相对长度与密度、大肠相对长度及全肠道密度均显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）低于400mg/kg组,且大肠相对质量与密度均显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）低于其余3组;400mg/kg组试验兔饲粮干物质、有机物、粗纤维、钙与磷表观消化率、总能表观消化率与利用率及氮表观消化率均显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）高于其余3组,氮利用率则显著（P〈0.05）高于对照组,而对照组试验兔饲粮粗脂肪表观消化率与消化能利用率均显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）低于20     

Evaluation of the carryover effect of antibiotic,bee pollen and propolis on growth performance,carcass traits and splenic and hepatic histology of growing rabbits

Sixty‐four nulliparous female rabbits were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). Group one was the unsupplemented control group; the other seven groups were supplemented with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, or bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) at 150 and 300 mg in a capsulated form, three times a week, day after day, continuously all over the experimental period. The experiment was run for eight parties; at each parity, 28 kids of each doe group (a total of 224 rabbits) were divided into two subgroups weaned, respectively, at 24 and 30 days of age. Thus, for each parity, there were 16 groups (eight does treatments × two weaning age, 14 rabbits per group). The growing rabbits fed the standard diets without supplements. The growth performance, the carcass traits, the liver and the spleen histology of rabbits were checked up to 90 days of age to find possible carryover effects of the supplements. The supplements had no significant effect on most of the growth performance at 90 days of age, but BP150 and BP+Pro300 increased the growth rate in comparison with ZnB group. The liver weight in the control, BP300 and Pro300 groups was higher than the ZnB one. The spleen weight was higher in the groups ZnB, BP150, Pro300 and BP+Pro300, followed by the control, BP300 and BP+Pro150 and thus Pro150. The heart % in the BP150 and Pro300 groups was higher than ZnB and BP+Pro150 groups. A lymphoid hyperplasia of splenic white pulp was observed in the BP+Pro groups, while propolis alone showed a mild activation of lymphobiosis. The Pro and BP groups showed the same picture of the control group exhibiting a hydropic degeneration of mostly hepatic cells, while the ZnB group exhibited adverse effect on the bile ducts featuring portal periductal inflammatory cells infiltration with epithelial hyperplasia reflecting chronic cholangitis.     

In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of two-drug and three-drug combinations of terbinafine, itraconazole, caspofungin, ibuprofen and fluvastatin against Pythium insidiosum

The present study investigated the in vitro inhibitory activity of terbinafine, itraconazole, caspofungin, fluvastatin and ibuprofen against 15 isolates of Pythium insidiosum in double and triple combinations and determined in vivo correlations using rabbits with experimental pythiosis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M 38-A2 protocol (2008), and the in vitro interactions were evaluated using a checkerboard microdilution method. For the in vivo study, 20 rabbits inoculated with P. insidiosum zoospores were divided into four groups: group 1 was treated with terbinafine and itraconazole; group 2 was treated with terbinafine, itraconazole and fluvastatin; group 3 was treated with terbinafine and caspofungin; and group 4 was the control group. Combinations of terbinafine with caspofungin or ibuprofen were synergistic for 47% of the isolates, and antagonism was not observed in any of the double combinations. The triple combinations were mostly indifferent, but synergism and antagonism were also observed. In the in vivo study, the histological aspect of the lesions was similar among the groups, but group 2 showed the lowest amount of hyphae and differed significantly from the other groups.     

低蛋白质饲粮中添加尿素对肉兔生长发育及血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮中添加尿素对肉兔生长发育与血液指标的影响.采用单因子随机区组试验设计,选择120只50日龄、体重相近的健康新西兰兔,随机分为4组,1个对照组和3个试验组,每组15个重复,每个重复2只.对照组饲喂粗蛋白质含量为11.11％的基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中以糊化淀粉缓释尿素的方式添加1％、2％和3％尿素的试验饲粮.预试期为10 d,正试期为30 d.结果表明:试验第2天,3％尿素组80％试验兔因发生氨中毒而死亡.1％尿素组试验兔末重、增重和日增重均极显著高于对照组和2％尿素组(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,1％和2％尿素组试验兔全血氨氮含量、血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而肝脏重和系数则显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).2％尿素组试验兔日干物质进食量、胴体重和屠宰率均极显著低于对照组和1％尿素组(P＜0.01),而料重比则极显著高于对照组和1％尿素组(P＜0.01).2％尿素组试验兔血清尿素氮含量以及谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均极显著高于对照组和1％尿素组(P＜0.01).2％尿素组试验兔心脏、脾脏和肾脏重均显著低于对照组和1％尿素组(P＜0.05),而肾脏系数则极显著高于对照组和1％尿素组(P＜0.01).2％尿素组试验兔胃重、十二指肠重与长、空肠重与长、回肠重与长、盲肠重与系数、蚓突重与系数及长、大肠重与长显著或极显著低于对照组和1％尿素组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且回肠系数及盲肠长显著或极显著低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).由此得出,低蛋白质饲粮中添加3％的尿素会造成肉兔氨中毒死亡;添加2％的尿素会使肉兔生长发育停滞;添加1％的尿素可改善肉兔育肥性能,但会对肝脏的发育产生不利影响.     

妊娠后期母兔注射甲状腺素T4对仔兔的影响

为探讨妊娠后期母兔注射甲状腺素T4对仔兔的影响,将9只妊娠16日皖系长毛兔随机分成2组,试验组5只,对照组4只.试验组皖系长毛兔母兔每只肌肉注射0.3 mg甲状腺素(T4),发现T4处理未能显著影响仔兔初生重、4周龄和6周龄体重,但显著提高了7～14 d、21～28 d和35～42 d仔兔的增重,并且其他期间的增重试验...     

日粮锌水平对生长肉兔生产性能、血清肝脏抗氧化酶活性和金属硫蛋白-1基因表达的影响

本文旨在探讨日粮不同锌添加水平和锌源对2～3月龄生长肉兔生产性能、血清肝脏抗氧化酶活性和金属硫蛋白-1(MT-1)基因表达的影响.选用2月龄新西兰肉兔70只,随机分为7个处理,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别以硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌形式添加40、80和120 mg/kg锌,预试期7 d,正试期23 d.结果表明:日粮锌添加水平对生长肉兔平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)无显著性影响(P>0.05),对平均日采食量(ADI)影响显著(P<0.05);不同锌水平对血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SoD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性影响显著(P<0.05),对肝脏CuZn-SoD和GSH-Px活性影响极显著(P<0.01);随日粮锌水平的增加,肝脏、肾脏MT-1mRNA相对表达丰度呈先升高后降低趋势(P<0.01),80 mg/kg添加水平时2种锌源MT-1mRNA相对表达丰度均达到最高.MT-1mRNA相对表达丰度可以作为评价动物机体锌营养状况的敏感指标.