人工家养黑熊血清六种无机离子测定

本文测定了26只人工家养中国黑熊血清六种无机离子(钾、钠、钙、氯、磷和镁)的含量。其结果如下黑熊血清钾含量为4.43±0.71 mEq/L,血清钠为143.69±20.62mEq/L,血清钙为11.19±1.24mg/100ml,血清氯为103.97±8.56mEq/L,血清无机磷为5.17±0.65mg/100ml,血清镁为4.54±0.79mEq/L。     

德令哈藏獒15项血液生化指标测定

对青海省海西州德令哈市21只藏獒的15项血液生化指标进行了测定。结果：全血钾5．90±0.37mmol／L．血清钾5．11±0．58mmol／L,血清钠142.19±6．00mmol／L,血清氯112．34±7．06mmol／L,血清钙2．45±0．15mmol／L,血清无机磷1．28±0．49mmol／L,总蛋白73．43±4．59g／L,白蛋白36.15±5.62g／L,球蛋白37.55±7.25g／L,A／G0.96±0.35,血清蛋白质组分（％）：A49．00±8．34,α16．78±2．06,α210.11±2．16,β16.74±l．86,β211．31±2．50,γ16．06±5．44;GOT7.44±3.34IU／L;GPT6.18±2.42IU／L;ZnTT7.95±1.32孔氏单位;TTT1．81±0.98麦氏单位。     

互助县山羊唾液中五种无机离子浓度的测定

对互助县30只山羊的唾液钠、钾、钙、磷、氯五种无机离子浓度进行了测定。结果:唾液钠为120.0±23.5mmolL,唾液钾为14.95±5.07mmolL,唾液钙为2.32±0.02mmolL,唾液无机磷为1.55±0.44mmolL,唾液氯为113.3±2.1mmolL,唾液钠钾比为8.7±2.3,唾液钙磷比为1.5±1.0。     

引入青海火鸡血液五种无机离子含量的测量

对83只引入青海火鸡五种血液无机离子含量进行了测定,结果全血铁(BFe++)9.02±1.19 mmol/L,全血钾(BK+)32.04±5.51 mmol/L,血浆总钙(PTCa++)2.77±0.54mmol/L,血浆游离钙(PFCa++)0.51±0.04 mmol/L,血浆结合钙(PBCa++)19.44±4.58mmol/L,血浆游离钙(PFCa++百分率19.44±4.85%,血浆无机磷(PP)3.12±0.43 mmol/L,血浆氯化物(PCT)108.84±13.58 mmol/L.     

山羊五项血清无机离子浓度测定

对海南州共和县７８只山羊的五项血清无机离子浓度进行了测定。结果，血清钾为４．７８±０．５８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，血清钠为１４１．３４±３．４８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，血清氯为１１２．１９±３．７１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，血清钙为２．２５±０．１６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，血清无机磷为１．６６±０．４２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

鸡尿液收集方法及其理化指标和尿沉渣的研究

对 2 0羽 45日龄伊沙蛋雏鸡进行结肠造口术 ,收集 2 4h的尿液及尿沉渣 ,并对鸡尿液的理化指标及尿沉渣进行分析研究。结果显示 :鸡的尿液呈淡黄色 ,并有稠粘液体性质 ,鸡的尿量为 :(37 34± 8 0 0 )mL ,尿液pH值为 6 58± 0 32 ,尿密度为 1 0 1 8± 0 0 0 9,尿酸为 (398 951±51 2 91 ) μmol/L ,钙为 (5 580± 0 2 4 1 )mmol/L ,无机磷为 (1 2 1 7± 0 996)mmol/L ,镁为 (3 735± 0 0 1 0 )mmol/L ,钠为 (1 37 2 50±1 3 789)mmol/L ,钾为 (41 81 0± 1 887)mmol/L。扫描电镜下 ,尿沉渣中球形物较多 ,混有少量的针状晶体 ,表明主要含尿酸盐。能谱分析表明 ,上述结构的主要组成元素为钙、钾及少量的镁和钠     

玉树牦牛12项血液生理生化指标的测定

对80头玉树牦牛的12项血液生理生化指标进行了测定。结果为：血红蛋白（Hb）86．41±13．07g／L,红细胞压积（PCV）0．46±0．034L／L,全血钾（BK）34．01±4．57mmol／L,红细胞钾（EK）67．24±9．45mmol／L,血清钾（SK）6．25±1．23mmol／L,血清钠（SNa）141．7±8．15mmol／L,血清总钙（STCa）2．3±0．52mmol／L,血清游离钙（SFCa）0．644-0．38mmol／L,血清结合钙（SBCa）1．63±0．37mmol／L,血清游离钙百分率27．82±7．3％,血清总蛋白87．3±11．3g／L,全血铁28．95±4．37mmol／L。公牦牛与母牦牛组各项指标均无差异显著;成年牦牛与牦牛犊之间除血清总蛋白外,其余各项指标均无显著差异。     

海北州黑白花奶牛和黄牛唾液钠、钾含量的测定

对青海省海北州西海镇的30头黑白花奶牛和20头黄牛的唾液钠、钾含量进行了测定。结果表明：（1）黑白花奶牛唾钠为98．63mmol/L，唾液钾为16．87mmol／L, 钠／钾之比为6．68／1；（2）黄牛唾液钠为121．6mmol/L，唾液钾为16．41mmol/L，黄／钾之比为10．97／1；（3）黑白花奶牛和黄牛的唾液钠含量之间有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。     

含野血牦牛八项血清生化指标测定

对大通种牛场８０头含野血牦牛８项血清生化指标进行了测定。结果：含野血成年牦牛的血清钾、钠、总钙、游离钙、游离钙百分率、氯、无机磷、总蛋白分别为６．０１±０．９３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１３３．０５±５．４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．４５±０．４２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１．０２±０．４７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３９．３４±１３．４２％，１００．９４±７．３６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．５３±０．５４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，６７．４０±７．３０ｇ／Ｌ；２～３月龄含野血牦牛的相应指标分别为４．９２±０．６７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１３５．７５±４．９９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．０３±０．２７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，０．４６±０．２２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２１．３３±９．０３％，９７．３２±４．２４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３．０６±０．２２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，７５．１±３．２ｇ／Ｌ。     

含野血牦牛八基血清生化指标测定

对大通种牛扬８０头含野牦牛８项血清化生指标进行了测定，结果：含野血成年牦牛的血清钾，钠，总钙，游离钙，游离钙百分率，氯，无机磷，总蛋白分别为６．０１±０９３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１３３．０５±５．４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．４５±０．４２ｍｃｏｌ／Ｌ，１．０２±０．４７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３９．３４±１３．４２％，１００．９４±７．３６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．５３±０．５４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，６７．４０±７．３０ｇ／Ｌ，２～３月     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse

Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留量的不确定度评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。     

几个柑橘品种实生苗的抗旱性评价研究

以5个金柑属品种、枳壳、软枝酸橘及广西土柠檬实生苗为材料，进行复水成活率、旱害指数、叶片相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸等生理指标及隶属函数的综合分析，为柑橘抗性砧木品种选育提供参考。结果表明：胁迫20d复水后的成活率融安滑皮金柑和长寿金柑最高，为100%，软枝酸橘最低，为88.9%；随着干旱胁迫加剧，各品种的旱害指数呈上升趋势，长寿金柑的旱害指数最低，为0.25，软枝酸橘的旱害指数最高，为0.61；从叶片相对含水量的结果来看，长寿金柑的变化幅度最小，软枝酸橘的变化幅度最大，在第18d时分别为61.19%和37.85%；3种保护酶之间相互协同作用减轻植株受害程度，其活性变化幅度与丙二醛和脯氨酸的含量变化相似。利用隶属函数法综合分析，得出各品种的抗旱性强弱依次为长寿金柑>枳壳>融安滑皮金柑>融安金柑>山金柑>广西土柠檬>金枣>软枝酸橘。