两种发酵方式制作猕猴桃酸奶酒的工艺优化及对比

采用同时发酵（用乳酸菌和酵母菌同时加入猕猴桃汁和纯牛奶的混合物中发酵成酒）和分别发酵（先在混合物中加入乳酸菌发酵乳形成酸奶,再加入酵母菌发酵成酒）制备猕猴桃奶酒,通过正交试验优化猕猴桃奶酒的工艺,并对两种工艺制备的猕猴桃奶酒进行比较。结果表明,对影响猕猴桃酸奶酒的因素即发酵时间、发酵温度和酵母菌接种量进行研究分析,同时发酵的最佳工艺参数为：乳酸菌接种量3%,酵母菌接种量2%,33 ℃下发酵16 d,成品酒精度为5.9%（V/V）;分别发酵的最佳工艺参数为：乳酸菌接种量3%,酵母菌接种量4%,33 ℃下发酵16 d,成品酒精度为6.9%（V/V）。再结合感官品质评价得出,分别发酵制得的猕猴桃奶酒的品质更好,具有猕猴桃酸奶酒独特的乳香和酒香。     

胡萝卜—番茄混合汁乳酸菌发酵饮料的研究

开发研制胡萝卜—番茄混合汁乳酸菌发酵饮料。以鲜榨胡萝卜、番茄原汁为原料,以保加利亚乳杆菌为菌种,综合研究了接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间等因素对混合汁品质的影响,从而确定出最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明,发酵液最佳工艺参数为:发酵温度41℃,发酵时间24h,接种量3%;发酵饮料最佳配方为:蔗糖10%,柠檬酸0.05%,稳定剂(CMC—Na)0.4%。     

海带发酵饮料加工工艺的研究

以海带为主要原料,经乳酸发酵,再经调配、杀菌、灌装等工艺得到海带发酵饮料。试验表明,海带发酵的最佳条件为:乳酸菌接种量为6%,发酵温度为39℃,发酵时间为12h;海带发酵饮料的最佳配方为:海带发酵原汁50%、柠檬酸0.08%、白砂糖2%。     

一种玫瑰花露猴头菇复配保健酸奶的研究

以玫瑰花露、猴头菇提取液与复原乳为原料,发酵制成玫瑰花露猴头菇复配保健酸奶,并对其加工工艺进行研究。通过单因素试验选择玫瑰花露添加量、甜味剂添加量和发酵时间3个因素,进行正交试验确定最佳工艺参数。结果表明,该酸奶最佳配方为玫瑰花露、猴头菇提取液、木糖醇的质量比为3∶50∶30,阿斯巴甜添加量0.010%,稳定剂添加量0.2%,乳酸菌接种量0.025%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间4.5 h。按此配方制作的酸奶口感爽滑、酸甜适宜、香气宜人。     

番茄醋酿造工艺研究

以番茄为原料发酵酿造番茄醋,通过正交试验确定了酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数为:发酵温度26℃,pH值4.6,接种量0.04%;醋酸发酵的最佳工艺参数为:发酵温度30℃,装瓶量为40%,接种量10%。得到的成品果醋,醋味浓郁、口感、风味良好。     

餐厨垃圾乳酸菌发酵生产生物饲料的研究

为了实现餐厨垃圾的资源化高效利用,以餐厨垃圾为原料,采用乳酸菌进行固态发酵,结合正交试验、单因素试验优化了餐厨垃圾乳酸菌发酵生产生物饲料的工艺条件。结果表明:最佳发酵工艺为餐厨垃圾添加10%麦麸和4%豆粕搅拌均匀,加入125%的水,121℃灭菌20 min,冷却后,接种2.0%乳酸菌,32℃厌氧培养48 h。在此发酵条件下发酵产物中粗蛋白含量比原料提高了5.36%,粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分均有下降,并且乳酸菌含量达到了24.8×10~8CFU/g;卫生指标均符合国家饲料卫生标准(GB13078—2001)。     

榆黄蘑膳食纤维酸奶的工艺研究

将榆黄蘑可溶性膳食纤维以不同比例加入酸奶中,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验法,优化膳食纤维添加量、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间的工艺参数。结果表明,榆黄蘑可溶性膳食纤维酸奶的最佳工艺参数为榆黄蘑可溶性膳食纤维添加量2%,接种量3%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间6h,制得的膳食纤维酸奶香味浓郁、酸甜适度。     

番茄汁乳酸菌饮料的研制

以番茄汁为原料,经乳酸菌发酵,制成番茄汁乳酸发酵饮料。通过对接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度3个因素进行试验分析,确定最佳发酵条件,然后对其稳定性、风味进行试验,从而确定出这种番茄汁发酵饮料的最佳工艺参数。     

乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵黄浆水制备有机酸工艺优化

将黄浆水经乳酸菌、酵母菌发酵后,分析发酵产物的总酸量、p H值、氨基态氮和不同有机酸的含量。通过发酵工艺的优化,重点研究了发酵产物有机酸的含量。结果表明,乳酸菌和酵母菌单一和联合发酵时均显著性提升产物有机酸含量。结果表明,获得乳酸的最佳发酵方式为乳酸菌单一发酵,获得醋酸的最佳发酵方式为酵母菌单一发酵,获得酒石酸的最佳发酵方式为乳酸菌与酵母菌以接种比1∶4发酵,获得丁二酸最佳发酵方式为乳酸菌与酵母菌接种比3∶2发酵。     

响应面优化乳酸菌-柚子核共发酵体系中多肽的制备

以乳酸菌-柚子核共发酵体系为研究对象,应用Design Expert 8.0 (MSR)软件的Box-benhnken中心组合试验设计原理,以发酵温度、发酵时间、料液比、接种量作为响应面分析试验的因素,优化乳酸菌-柚子核共发酵体系制备多肽的工艺。结果表明,最佳工艺为发酵温度10℃,发酵时间40 h,料液比1∶15,接种量50%,在此条件下,多肽得率为7.04%±0.23%,显著提高了原柚子核中的多肽得率3.00%±0.11%,为进一步研究乳酸菌-柚子核共发酵体系中多肽的生理活性奠定基础。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.