赤松毛虫预测预报因子研究报告

本文利用1984—1986年3年时间,对赤松毛虫年生活史、各虫态历期、各虫态发生期、蛹重—携卵量的关系、幼虫及蛹的自然死亡率、幼虫食叶量、幼虫上(下)树规律等,进行了观测研究。结果表明,赤松毛虫幼虫平均历期346天,上(下)树进度与气温关系密切,赤松毛虫不仅直接取食为害,还可造成松针死亡或折断,其蛹重—携卵量的关系为y=-54.9+148.3x(r=0.9612,S=±4.9),呈直线紧密相关关系。根据赤松毛虫年生活史及其活动规律,本文还提出了最佳防治期。     

黄二星舟蛾的研究

黄二星舟蛾Ｌａｍｐｒｏｎａｄａｔａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ（Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ）是栎类树木的重要食叶害虫，在南京地区一年发生２代，以蛹在林地表土层内越冬。幼虫共６龄，其头宽和体长的增长符合Ｄｙａｒ′ｓ规律，雌蛹重与携卵量、产卵量呈线性相关，成虫趋光性强，灯下成虫时辰变化规律：雄蛾为“单峰型”，雌蛾为“双峰型”。成虫期灯诱、幼虫期航空化学防治和烟剂防治均有良好的效果。     

双色鹿尺蠖形态特征及生物学特性初步观察

双色鹿尺蠖Alcis bastelbergeri(Hirschke,1908)是危害华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii和白桦Betula platyphylla的主要害虫,2012年在内蒙古地区首次发现。作者采用室内饲养与林间笼养调查相结合的方法,研究明确了该虫卵、各龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的形态特征及生物学特性。室内卵产在笼壁上,室外产在树干、树杈、杂草上,呈不规则散布,产卵量200余粒,卵历期11~15 d;幼虫共5龄,以2龄幼虫越冬;老熟幼虫在树冠下土层中化蛹,暗红色,蛹历期20~24 d;成虫灰褐色,雌蛾平均寿命15 d,林间雌雄比为1∶1.1。     

枣尺蠖雌蛹重与携卵量的相关性

枣尺蠖雌蛹重与携卵量的相关性枣尺蠖ＳｕｃｒａｊｕｊｕｂａＣｈｕ近年来在山东省枣区的发生呈上升趋势。为掌握其种群数量变动规律，给发生量的预测提供依据，我们于１９９１～１９９４年对枣尺蠖雌蛹重与携卵量的相关性进行了研究。方法是：每年的３月中、下旬在小枣产...     

团花绢野螟形态特征及生物学特性初步观察

团花绢野螟Diaphania glauculalis Guenée是危害团花树的重要害虫。采用室内饲养与林间调查相结合的方法,研究了该虫的生物学特性及形态,明确了团花绢野螟卵、各龄幼虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫的形态。室内卵集中产在养虫笼壁上,孵化率达98.3%,卵期约4~5 d。幼虫共5龄,低龄幼虫群集取食,食量较小,3龄以后幼虫开始分散危害,食量大增。老熟幼虫于叶片内结蛹室化蛹,蛹期7~9 d。雄成虫翅展略小于雌成虫。成虫羽化多集中于夜间,具有较强的趋光性。羽化第2天便可交尾,持续时间50~180 min,交尾翌日即产卵。     

黄二星舟蛾的研究

黄二星舟蛾Ｌａｍｐｒｏｎａｄａｔａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ（Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ）是栎类树木的重要食叶害虫，在南京地区一年发生２代，以蛹在林地表土层内越冬。幼虫共６龄，其头宽和体长的增长符合Ｄｙａｒ′ｓ规律。雌蛹量与携卵量，产卵量呈线性相关、成虫趋光性强，灯下成虫时辰变化规律：雄蛾为“单峰型”，雌蛾为“双峰型”，成虫期灯诱、幼虫期航空化学防治和烟剂防治均有良好的效果。     

木兰青凤蝶生物学特性的初步研究

木兰青凤蝶[Graphiumdoson(FelderetFelder)]在浙江1a发生3～4代,以蛹在叶背越冬。以幼虫为害广玉兰、含笑的嫩叶、芽,成虫4～10月份均有发生,卵散产于嫩叶正面的叶缘,一般1叶1卵,偶见2卵,幼虫共5龄,5龄幼虫为害最烈,1d能取食4～6张含笑嫩叶,老熟幼虫在老叶背面化蛹,第2代部分蛹有滞育越夏现象。     

埃及柽麦蛾的生物学特性研究

埃及柽麦蛾在新疆 1年发生 3代 ,以老熟幼虫或蛹在枯枝落叶中越冬。成虫寿命平均 6～ 7天。卵散产 ,卵期 7天 ,幼虫共有 5龄 ,各龄幼虫变化较大。埃及柽麦蛾的幼虫有粘叶形成丝巢的习性 ,给防治带来一定的困难     

花斑皮蠹不同虫态对熏蒸剂的敏感性研究

为了搞清楚不同条件下采集的花斑皮蠹各虫态对熏蒸剂磷化铝的敏感性,采用密闭容器熏蒸法对其室内毒力进行测定,结果表明：成虫、4龄幼虫、老龄幼虫、蛹和卵的LD（50）,A组分别是4.95、7.39、25.14、26.43和34.09 g/m3;B组分别是10.94、16.13、38.25、43.13和43.25 g/m3。各虫态对磷化铝敏感性由强到弱依次为成虫、4龄幼虫、老龄幼虫、蛹、卵,连续使用磷化铝熏蒸防治花斑皮蠹,其耐药性明显提高。     

银珠主要害虫小白纹毒蛾形态特征和生活习性观察

小白纹毒蛾Notolophus australis posticus Walker属鳞翅目,毒蛾科,是危害银珠苗木的主要害虫。采用室内观察与林间观察相结合的方法,研究了该虫的生活习性及形态,明确了小白纹毒蛾卵、各龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的形态。     

白蜡虫卵营养价值与食用安全性研究

从白蜡虫卵的综合利用角度出发,研究了白蜡虫卵和卵囊壳的营养成分和食用安全性.研究结果表明白蜡虫卵及卵囊壳含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿质元素、维生素等,卵的粗蛋白含量为44.6%,卵囊壳中为53.57%,氨基酸总量分别为33.16%和50.53%,必需氨基酸总量分别为12.38%和17.90%,是一种极具营养价值的昆虫食品.安全毒理学研究表明,白蜡虫卵为实际无毒物质,无任何致突变和致畸作用,说明人类食用白蜡虫卵是安全可靠的.     

日粮中添加酶制剂对环颈雉繁殖机能影响的研究

主要探讨了酶制剂对环颈雉繁殖机能的影响。分别在种雉日粮中添加 0 5 %纤维素酶 +0 5 %淀粉酶、0 5 %纤维素酶 +0 5 %中性蛋白酶、0 3 %纤维素酶 +0 3 %淀粉酶 +0 4%中性蛋白酶。试验结果表明 ,种雉总产蛋数、产蛋总重及产蛋率均有明显提高 ,种蛋受精率、孵化率也有所提高 ;同时 ,料蛋比及啄蛋数、碎蛋数均有明显降低。平均蛋重及种蛋品质无显著变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,种蛋中粗蛋白、无氮浸出物含量有所提高。综合比较 ,以添加 0 5 %纤维素酶 +0 5 %中性蛋白酶 ,作用效果最好。     

Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung toxischer Wirkungen von Derivaten der 2,4-Dichlor- und 2,4,5-Trichlorphenoxyessigsäure (2,4-D und 2,4,5-T) auf Bruteier von Fasanen,Wachteln und Hühnern

Studies on the susceptibility of eggs of gallinaceous birds to 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. First report Studies were performed on a total of 3,693 eggs from Japanese quails, 1,080 eggs from pheasants and 500 hen's eggs to investigate the possible effect of 2,4-D or a mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on the hatching rate, body weight and malformations of offsprings.Non-incubated and preincubated (3 days) eggs were sprayed with up to 10 times the amount of herbicides normaley used. The eggs serving as controls were treated with tap water.As compared with the controls, the herbicides did not affect hatching rate, body weight or the number of malformations.     

白蜡虫卵营养价值与食用安全性研究

从白虹虫卵的综合利用角度出发，研究了白蜡虫卵和卵囊壳的营养成分和食用安全性。研究结果表明：白虹虫卵及卵囊壳含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿质元素、维生素等，卵的粗蛋白含量为44.6%，卵囊壳中为53.57%，氨基酸总量分别为33.16%和50.53%，必需氨基酸总量分别为12.38%和17.90%，是一种极具营养价值的昆虫食品。安全毒理学表明，白蜡虫卵为实际无毒物质，无任何致突变和致畸作用，说明人类食用白蜡虫卵是安全可靠的。     

Zur Wirkung von Dimilin auf die Imagines und Eier des Erlenblattkäfers,Agelastica alni L. (Coleopt., Chrysomelidae)

Effects of Dimilin on adults and eggs of Agelastica alni L. (Coleopt., Chrysomelidae) In consequence of treating adults ofA. alni with Dimilin the median number of egg clusters per female decreased about by a half. The absolute number of eggs was not affected. On the contrary the number of fertilized eggs as well as the number of hatched larvae decreased considerably. In the controlbreedings there were no differences between the quote of fertilized eggs and that of hatched eggs, but the treatment of adults with Dimilin resulted in a great difference between these quotes. The behaviour of male and female adults did'nt show changes. The eggs were susceptible to Dimilin, the young eggs more than the elder ones.     

松褐天牛产卵繁殖研究

通过对松褐天牛在健康木和伐倒木刻槽、产卵及卵成活率的研究发现:松褐天牛虽然在健康木上能刻槽,但刻槽数较少,且几乎不产卵,偶有产卵也不能正常孵化成活;在伐倒木上则刻槽较多,产卵量大,且成活率高。接种在伐倒木上的松褐天牛卵孵化率高,幼虫生长发育正常,而接种在健康木上的松褐天牛卵孵化率低,幼虫生长发育情况较差。     

栗山天牛的生物学特性及生物防治技术研究

结合野外观察和室内试验,对栗山天牛的生物学特性进行了观察研究。结果表明,栗山天牛羽化后未交配的雌成虫75.86%,怀有未成熟卵粒,平均未成熟卵为8.53粒/♀;成熟卵平均23.76粒/♀。产卵前期平均为4.6d,产卵期平均14.8d,产卵量平均33.2粒/♀。雌虫寿命平均22.3d,雄虫寿命略短,平均19.1d。栗山天牛危害主要分布在上坡、山脊和阳坡的栎树。人工捕捉是目前较为成熟的成虫防治技术,前期和盛期捕捉到的雌虫大多数怀卵量较大。利用寄生性天敌花绒寄甲防治天牛幼虫和蛹是主要的防治技术,前景广阔。     

Development and fecundity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trissolcus japonicus</Emphasis> on fertilized and unfertilized eggs of the brown marmorated stink bug, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halyomorpha halys</Emphasis>

Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug, is a serious agricultural and horticultural pest native to East Asia, which became an invasive pest in northern temperate parts of other regions in the mid-1990s. Trissolcus japonicus is a dominant egg parasitoid of H. halys in its native range. In this paper, we investigated mating, oviposition and fecundity of both virgin and mated females of H. halys. Virgin H. halys females produced unfertilized eggs, while mated females produced fertilized eggs, but mating states of adult females did not affect the number of eggs produced. We further compared the development and fecundity of T. japonicus on fertilized or unfertilized eggs of various ages. Fertilized eggs were tested continuously for up to 5 days (time to hatch), while unfertilized eggs were tested for up to 11 days (time to egg collapse). The fertilization status of the host egg had a significant effect on the development, emergence success, and sex ratio of T. japonicus progeny. A small increase in development time was observed for T. japonicus in fertilized eggs, fewer T. japonicus emerged from fertilized eggs than unfertilized eggs, and the proportion of female progeny was lower on fertilized eggs. The age of host eggs also significantly affected the development rate and fecundity of T. japonicus, with unfertilized eggs becoming more favorable than fertilized eggs as egg age increased. In summary, unfertilized H. halys eggs were better suited for T. japonicus development and fecundity, indicating their potential use in T. japonicus mass rearing.     

Effects of gamma radiation on the Mediterranean flour moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephestia kuehniella</Emphasis>, eggs and acceptability of irradiated eggs by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichogramma cacoeciae</Emphasis> females

The sensitivity of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, eggs in different stages of development to gamma irradiation was studied and the acceptability of irradiated eggs by Trichogramma cacoeciae females was examined. Eggs ranging in age from 1–24 to 49–72 h were exposed, at 24 h intervals, to gamma radiation dosages ranging from 25 to 400 Gy and effects of gamma radiation on egg hatch and adult emergence was investigated. In addition, the developmental rate of immature stages (larvae and pupae), resulting from irradiated eggs, to the adult stage was examined and the acceptance of irradiated eggs to T. cacoeciae females was evaluated. Results showed that the radio-sensitivity of E. kuehniella eggs decreased with increasing age. Egg hatch in 1–24-h-old eggs was significantly affected at 25 Gy dose and at 75 Gy dose, no egg hatch was observed. When irradiating 25–48-h-old eggs, however, egg hatch was less than 5% at 100 Gy dose, and eggs 49–72-h-old were more resistant; 50 Gy had no significant effect on egg hatch and 300 Gy did not completely prevent it. Irradiation also negatively affected survival to the adult stage. When 25–48-h-old eggs were irradiated, survival to the adult stage was completely prevented at 75 Gy dose and no survival was observed beyond 100 Gy dose in 49–72-h-old eggs. In addition, the rate of development of immature stages resulting from irradiated eggs was negatively affected. While more than 97% of control moths emerged within 30 days, this ratio decreased to 53 and 69% in 1–24 and 25–48-h-old eggs exposed to 25 Gy dose. Furthermore, irradiation positively affected the degree of acceptance of eggs to parasitization; irradiated eggs (≤49-h-old) were more acceptable to T. cacoeciae than cold-treated ones.     

Influence of leaf portion and plant species on the egg-laying behaviour of the predatory ladybird Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Col., Coccinellidae) in the presence of a natural enemy

The effectiveness of natural enemies against arthropod herbivores can depend on the characteristics of the plant on which they are found. The influence of the plant on the egg-laying behaviour of the promising whitefly predator, Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Col., Coccinellidae) was examined in order to be able to use it effectively in biological control programs. The present work investigated the possible influence of the portion of the leaf on the number of eggs laid as well as the effect of plant species on the way in which eggs are deposited by S. parcesetosum. The experiments were conducted on cucumber and cotton leaves with Bemisia tabaci (Genn .) (Hom., Aleyrodidae) as prey in the absence and presence of a natural enemy, the lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neur., Chrysopidae) at two different temperatures. The results showed that at 18°C, S. parcesetosum females significantly preferred to lay their eggs between the veins and close to the veins of cucumber leaves, mean of 10.1 and 7.5 eggs, in the absence of C. carnea, respectively, while in its presence significantly more eggs were deposited close to the veins and close to the petiole. On cotton leaves, close to the petiole, a mean of 8.4 eggs in the absence of the lacewing, as well as close to the veins, mean of 6.3 eggs in the presence of the lacewing, were found to be the most suitable leaf portions for egg-laying. At 30° C, the females laid their eggs preferentially close to the veins of cucumber leaves in the absence and presence of C. carnea. On cotton leaves, S. parcesetosum females significantly preferred to lay their eggs close to the petiole, mean of 7.6 and 6.1 eggs, as well as close to the veins, mean of 6.2 and 8.7 eggs, in the absence and presence of the lacewing, respectively. At both temperatures, the ladybird females laid their eggs singly on cucumber leaves in the absence and presence of C. carnea. While on cotton leaves, the females had a tendency to deposit their eggs together in the absence and presence of the lacewing, except at 30°C in its absence. Within the same plant species, significant differences were found in the total number of eggs laid by S. parcesetosum females on cotton leaves at 18°C as well as on cucumber leaves at 30°C in the absence and presence of the natural enemy. In addition to the effects of presence and absence of C. carnea, and where eggs were laid, some significant differences due to plant species was found at both temperatures.This article is dedicated to Prof. Dr Wolfgang Schwenke on his 84th birthday.