Putrescine and carnauba wax pretreatments alleviate chilling injury,enhance shelf life and preserve pomegranate fruit quality during cold storage

Keeping in mind to reduce chilling injury and retain quality; pomegranate (Punica granatum L., cv. Mridula) fruits were treated with putrescine, carnauba wax and putrescine + carnauba wax prior to cold storage at 2 °C. Before analyzing physical, physiological and biochemical parameters fruits were subjected to post cold storage exposure at 20 °C for 3 days. Untreated fruits developed rapidly chilling injury, with main symptoms being brown discolouration of the skin, surface pitting, weight and firmness loss during storage. All these undesirable changes were significantly delayed by putrescine + carnauba wax application. Respiration and ethylene evolution rate were also brought down by combined application of putrescine and carnauba wax treatment. The superiority of combine treatment over other applications seems arises due to additive benefit of antisenescence and barrier properties of putrescine and carnauba wax, respectively.     

利用叶绿素荧光预测水蜜桃果实冷害研究

采用叶绿素荧光技术检测冷藏条件下水蜜桃冷害发生进程中初始荧光（Fv）、最大荧光（Fm）、可变荧光（Fv = Fm/Fo）、光化学效率（Fv/Fm）等叶绿素荧光动力学参数的变化,分析了叶绿素荧光参数与果肉出汁率的相关性以及与呼吸作用的关系。研究结果发现,在冷藏过程中,叶绿素荧光参数都呈下降趋势,冷害发生以后,Fm和Fv/Fm下降速度加快,而中途加温处理能够缓解Fm和Fv/Fm降低。同时,Fm和Fv/Fm与果肉出汁率之间存在显著的正相关,利用测定Fm和Fv/Fm能够初步预测冷害的发生情况。     

荔枝冷害过程中果皮色泽、花色素苷和类黄酮含量的变化

 研究了‘糯米糍’荔枝果实在3 ℃和0 ℃条件下果皮的色泽和花色素苷及类黄酮含量的变化。结果表明, 果实在0 ℃下14 d 时褐变指数迅速增大, 21 d 时已遭受不可逆的冷害。在冷藏过程中, 果皮的色泽指标a、L、C 值及花色素苷、类黄酮、总酚含量均随贮藏时间的延长而下降, 0 ℃下比3 ℃下降快。0 ℃下14～21 d , a、L、C 值分别下降了27.95 %、33.58 %和58.47 % , 而21 d 时果皮花色素苷、类黄酮和总酚含量依次为采收时的18.08 %、35.99 %和41.64 %。说明冷害加速了荔枝果皮花色素苷的降解及类黄酮和总酚的变化, 促进了褐变进程的发生。果皮a、L、C 值与褐变指数、花色素苷含量呈显著相关性( P < 0.05) ,采用自动测色色度计可真实地反映果皮花色素苷含量和褐变程度。     

Differential response of zucchini varieties to low storage temperature

Several parameters related to cold damage in zucchini have been measured in fruits from different varieties cultivated in the province of Almería (south-eastern Spain). The purpose of this work is to correlate physiological parameters with commercial quality and chilling damage, in order to establish reliable criteria for selecting varieties having better genetic adaptation to low-temperature storage. The results show that, for varieties harvested during February, the variety Natura was the best adapted to storage at 4 °C, as its fruits suffered less from chilling injuries, had a lower weight loss, and the levels of metabolites malonyldialdehyde and H₂O₂ were not as high as in the other varieties. Genetic variation was detected for some of the parameters analysed. The positive correlation among the levels of MDA, H₂O_2, and chilling injury, as well as the negative correlation among catalase and chilling injury, makes these parameters good indicators of chilling damage in our system.     

不同贮藏温度条件下薄皮甜瓜品质和生理特性的变化

以京蜜薄皮甜瓜为试材,研究不同贮藏温度条件下薄皮甜瓜品质和生理特性的变化。结果表明:贮藏温度是影响薄皮甜瓜采后品质和生理变化的重要因素。低温可减缓薄皮甜瓜质量和可溶性固形物损失,抑制呼吸强度和乙烯释放,但温度过低会引起冷害,0℃条件下贮藏3d、5℃贮藏6d即会有冷害发生;贮藏温度偏高,可加快薄皮甜瓜后熟衰老过程,室温条件下贮藏9d,腐烂严重,失去商品价值;10℃条件下贮藏能较好保持薄皮甜瓜的风味和感官品质,是京蜜薄皮甜瓜适宜的贮藏温度。     

MeJA与低温预贮对枇杷冷害和活性氧代谢的影响

 研究了低温预贮（10 ℃ 6 d）结合茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA 10 µmol · L^-1）处理对‘解放钟’枇杷果实冷害和活性氧代谢的影响。发现低温预贮与MeJA结合处理,能够有效降低冷藏枇杷的冷害指数,抑制果实硬度的上升和出汁率的下降;此外,显著减少枇杷果实中丙二醛（MDA）的积累并抑制细胞膜透性的升高,维持超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（AsA-POD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-POD）较高的活性,并降低超氧阴离子（）生成速率和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量。结果表明,低温预贮与MeJA结合处理可以维持枇杷果实活性氧代谢平衡,延缓膜脂过氧化进程,从而减轻枇杷在冷藏过程中的冷害症状,延长果实贮藏寿命。     

酵母多糖处理对樱桃番茄抗冷性及品质的影响

以0.1、0.5、1.0、3.0 g · L-1的酵母多糖处理‘佳西娜’樱桃番茄,浸泡20 min后用聚乙烯（PE）保鲜袋包装（不封口）,置于（2 ± 1）℃、湿度85% ~ 95%的环境中贮藏,研究酵母多糖处理对番茄冷害以及生理生化和品质的影响。结果表明：酵母多糖处理能显著抑制樱桃番茄冷害的发生,延缓各品质指标的下降,同时可提高整个抗氧化酶系统的活性。在贮藏过程中,0.5 g · L-1质量浓度的酵母多糖处理的樱桃番茄受冷害程度最低、品质良好。     

槲树叶提取液对冷藏期间桃品质及抗氧化系统的影响

以生理成熟期‘新泰红’桃果实为试材,分别用0、2.5、5.0、7.5 g/L槲树叶提取液浸泡果实,以蒸馏水为对照,并于0℃冷藏,测定冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白等品质指标以及酶活力与活性氧等物质,探讨槲树叶提取液对采后桃果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:槲树叶提取液处理能够有效延缓冷藏期间桃果实冷害指数升高以及硬度下降,使整个冷藏期间果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量维持相对较高水平,并且能够有效延缓膜脂过氧化产物(丙二醛)以及活性氧物质(超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢和羟基自由基)积累;同时,槲树叶提取液处理还能够显著抑制果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,从而延缓冷藏期间桃果实褐变程度。综上所述,槲树叶提取液处理能够缓解冷藏期间桃果实冷害症状,以5.0 g/L槲树叶提取液处理效果最为明显。     

冷害导致砂糖橘果实品质劣变

 将砂糖橘（Citrus Reticulata Blanco CV. Shiyueju）果实置于1℃、3℃、6℃和9℃下贮藏,比较其贮藏效果及冷害对果实品质的影响。结果表明：砂糖橘最适贮藏温度为6℃,在1~3℃温度贮藏易发生冷害。冷害导致果实外观品质下降,果肉乙醛和乙醇含量累积,果肉异味,品质下降。1℃贮藏果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率较6℃高,丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,丙酮酸脱羧酶（PDC）和乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）活性大幅度提高。说明在冷害温度下,砂糖橘果肉异味是由于乙醛和乙醇累积,而果实呼吸强度的提高与PDC和ADH活性的增加密切相关。     

Effect of intermittent warming on the reduction of chilling injury of Villa Franka lemon fruits stored at cold temperature

Storing lemon fruits at temperatures below 13°C caused chilling injury, namely physiological and chemical disorders and the development of excessive rot. However, warming the fruit for 7 days at 13°C after every 21 days in cold storage prevented chilling injury and enabled lemons to be kept in storage for six months and longer and retain marketable quality.     

‘徐香’猕猴桃采收后逐步降温处理对果实冷害、品质和活性氧代谢的影响

 研究了直接降温和3 种逐步降温处理对‘徐香’猕猴桃果实冷害、品质和活性氧代谢的影 响。结果表明：逐步降温处理有效降低冷藏猕猴桃果实的冷害指数和冷害率,并保持较高的好果率和货 架期品质;显著减少膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的积累和抑制细胞膜透性的增加,保持较高的超氧化物歧化 酶、过氧化氢酶及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和较低的脂氧合酶活性,并降低超氧阴离子自由基生成速率 和过氧化氢含量。这表明,逐步降温减轻‘徐香’猕猴桃果实冷害的发生与活性氧清除酶活性的提高, 及活性氧积累的降低有关。3 种逐步降温中,10 ℃→5 ℃ 2 d →2 ℃ 2 d→0 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃逐步降温对冷 害的控制效果更为显著。     

猕猴桃3 个品种果实耐冷性差异研究

 以猕猴桃早熟红肉品种‘红阳’、中熟黄肉品种‘华优’和晚熟绿肉品种‘徐香’的果实为 试材,研究其在0 ℃（RH 90% ~ 95%）低温贮藏过程中冷害发生情况及相关生理生化变化。结果表明： 不同品种耐冷性不同,中华猕猴桃‘红阳’和‘华优’耐冷性较弱且冷害表现早于美味猕猴桃‘徐香’。 贮藏后期‘红阳’和‘华优’冷害指数、冷害率、MDA 含量和LOX 活性显著高于‘徐香’,且乙烯释放 量及前期的呼吸速率也较高;而‘徐香’冷害程度较轻,整个贮期始终保持较高的POD 活性和较低的PPO 活性,好果率高且失重率低,贮藏效果好于‘红阳’和‘华优’,且‘华优’硬度下降较快。表明‘红阳’ 和‘华优’对低温的耐性弱于‘徐香’,这种耐冷性差异为今后选育耐冷性品种提供一定的依据。     

间歇升温对冷藏桃果实游离脯氨酸含量和冷害的影响

观察分析了间歇升温对冷藏大久保桃果实游离脯氨酸含量、细胞膜透性及冷害的影响,结果表明:冷藏(2±1℃)30d及4d货架期(25—28℃)后,升温24h和36h的桃果实未发生冷害,脯氨酸含量在货架期下降;升温12h和对照的果实冷害严重,脯氨酸含量在货架期急剧上升,显著和极显著高于前两个处理,冷害越严重,值越大。细胞膜透性与冷害发生及严重程度无关,冷藏期间升温处理果实的膜透性大于对照,货架期结束时,各处理间无显著差异。     

蔬菜冷害控制的研究进展

许多热带、亚热带的冷敏型蔬菜在不适宜的低温下会出现冷害,冷害会造成蔬菜生理代谢失调并引发一系列的冷害症状,降低了蔬菜的食用品质和商业价值。本文阐述了蔬菜发生冷害时的生理变化和冷害发生的机理,综述了国内外蔬菜冷害控制技术的研究进展,并对冷害控制技术的下一步研究提出了展望。     

采后玉露桃果实冷害发生与ROP基因的表达调控

以软溶质玉露桃果实为材料,于8℃、5℃、0℃和LTC(8℃锻炼3d再转到0℃贮藏)下贮藏30d后转至货架(20℃)2d,对各个处理果实的腐烂和冷害程度、果实品质变化规律以及ROP基因的表达模式进行了比较,以探讨ROP基因与低温胁迫的关系。结果表明,经5℃和0℃贮藏30d的玉露桃果实在货架期间褐变加重,经5℃处理的果实褐变最重,经0℃处理果实表现后熟障碍;经8℃贮藏30d以及后续2d货架期的果实不出现冷害症状,但果实腐烂严重;LTC处理果实经冷藏后在货架期后熟正常,且果实冷害和腐烂均被明显抑制。各处理桃果实在采后低温贮藏过程中总可溶性糖和总有机酸质量分数均趋下降,其中5℃处理果实总可溶性糖质量分数下降幅度最大。结合应用EST检索和RT-PCR克隆扩增,分离出桃ROP基因(PpROP)。实时定量PCR结果显示,PpROP在5℃下表达迅速增强,第5天达到高峰,其丰度明显高于其他处理,LTC处理使PpROP表达维持较低水平。     

变动气调贮藏保持大久保桃品质的研究

研究了大久保桃在变动气调(Dynamic controlled atmosphere,DCA)、常规气调5%O2+10%CO2(Controlled atmosphere,CA)和普通冷藏(对照)条件下0～1℃贮藏70d及20℃货架3d后果实的生理变化、冷害症状和感官品质。结果表明,与对照相比,DCA和CA贮藏均能有效地减少果实的腐烂和褐变,保持果实硬度,减轻果肉组织伤害,降低果实冷敏感性,提高贮后品质;与CA贮藏相比,DCA处理效果更好。     

Changes in endogenous abscisic acid and soluble sugars levels during dormancy-release in bulbs of Lilium rubellum

Changes in endogenous abscisic acid and soluble sugars levels during dormancy-release of lily bulbs of Lilium rubellum were investigated. Shoot emergence and flowering of the bulbs stored for 14 weeks at 4 °C occurred more synchronously, and the time span from first to last flower in the plants was shorter than those of bulbs stored for 10 weeks at 4 °C. Longer duration of bulb storage showed accelerating effects of increasing leaf number and stem length but negatively affected flower size. Flower number per plant was not much influenced by bulb storage duration. Concentration of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level in the bulbs during bulb storage decreased as storage duration increased, and it remained at a constant level after being stored for 10 weeks. This result suggests that the decrease in the endogenous ABA level during bulb storage is correlated with dormancy-release. Concentrations of soluble sugars also changed during bulb cold storage. Sucrose concentration increased as the chilling term increased to 10 weeks but decreased afterward. Glucose and fructose increased from the beginning of chilling to the end of a 14-week cold storage.     

外源茉莉酸甲酯对黄瓜采后冷害及生理生化的影响

 以对低温敏感的黄瓜‘神农5号’果实为材料, 研究了外源茉莉酸甲酯处理后的果实有关抗冷性的生理生化指标的变化。结果表明, 该处理减缓了黄瓜果实冷害症状的发展, 降低了细胞膜电解质渗出率、脯氨酸和可溶性固形物含量。处理后, 黄瓜组织中过氧化氢酶的活性升高, 过氧化物酶活性降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性没有显著变化。此外, 不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯对黄瓜叶绿素含量的影响不同。因此,茉莉酸甲酯可能通过代谢途径的改变来降低黄瓜冷害。     

Molecular characterisation and expression analysis of a sHSP gene involved in heat shock treatment-induced chilling tolerance in highbush blueberry fruit

Plant small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are abundant and diverse proteins involved in various stresses. In this study, a small heat shock protein gene (VcHSP17.7) encoding a 160-amino acid protein was isolated from the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VcHSP17.7 is a member of the plant cytosolic class II sHSPs; this finding was supported by the subcellular localisation pattern of a VcHSP17.7-YFP fusion protein. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the VcHSP17.7 gene was expressed in all analysed tissues. Heat shock experiments were conducted using mature blueberry fruit. The anthocyanin content was lower in heat shock-treated fruit than in control fruit after 14 days of storage at 2°C. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower in heat shock-treated fruit than in control fruit during subsequent low-temperature storage, which indicates that heat shock treatment may have alleviated chilling injury (CI) and enhanced the chilling tolerance of the blueberry fruit. Meanwhile, the expression of VcHSP17.7 in blueberry fruit was induced by heat shock treatment and gradually increased during subsequent low-temperature storage. These results suggest that VcHSP17.7 might be involved in the chilling tolerance of blueberry fruit caused by heat shock treatment.     

1-MCP和延迟预冷对‘蜜脆’苹果冷藏效果的影响

以‘蜜脆’苹果为试材,研究1-MCP和延迟预冷处理对其冷藏效果的影响,为‘蜜脆’苹果的贮藏保鲜提供一定的理论依据和技术指导。分别采用1-MCP(1.0μL.L-1,24 h)、延迟预冷(20℃,7 d)及2者的结合对‘蜜脆’苹果进行采后处理,处理后的果实置于(3±0.5)℃下冷藏,定期测定贮藏期的各项生理生化指标,并在贮藏末期观察统计主要生理病害的病情指数。结果表明,1-MCP能显著抑制果实的乙烯释放速率和呼吸速率、减缓果实硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,保鲜效果优于延迟预冷处理,这2种处理方式均能减轻果实低温伤害的发生,但却加重了苦痘病的发生;与对照相比,结合处理组虽然也加重了苦痘病的发生,但却完全抑制了冷害的发生,并保持了较好的贮藏品质。