邯郸地区家兔球虫种类调查

我们对邯郸地区的７ 个县市的家兔球虫种类进行了调查,共采集９５２ 份兔粪,结果,邯郸地区兔球虫的感染率为７０％ ,并全部为混合感染。共鉴定出兔艾美耳球虫９ 种,它们分别是穿孔艾美耳球虫（感染率为８５％ ）、中型艾美耳球虫（感染率为６５％ ）、斯氏艾美耳球虫（感染率为６０％ ）、无残艾美耳球虫（感染率为５６％ ）、盲肠艾美耳球虫（感染率为５０％ ）、肠艾美耳球虫（感染率为４０％ ）、大型艾美耳球虫（感染率为３０％ ）、长型艾美耳球虫（感染率为２２％ ）、梨型艾美耳球虫（感染率为１７％ ）,其中优势种是穿孔艾美耳球虫,而梨型艾美耳球虫最少感染     

山东潍坊某獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫感染情况调查

为掌握山东潍坊某獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫的流行情况,采用麦克马斯特计数法对采集的168份獭兔粪便样品进行兔球虫感染情况调查。结果表明,该獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫感染率为83.93%,OPG平均值为0.8×10~4,个体OPG高达2.0×10~5,66.0%样品为2~5种球虫混合感染。1~3月龄幼兔和4~7月龄青年兔感染率较高,分别为92.0%和91.9%,且幼兔感染强度OPG值最高,平均值为2.0×10~4。调查共检出7种兔艾美耳球虫,以中型艾美耳球虫、维氏艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫和小型艾美耳球虫为优势种。     

杨凌地区家兔球虫种类的初步调查

对陕西杨凌地区的家兔球虫种类进行初步调查，结果表明，该地区家兔球虫感染率为100％，且均为混合感染。感染强度OPG最大值为21875。本次共检出11种家兔艾美耳球虫，即：盲肠艾美耳球虫（Eimeria coecicola）、小型艾美耳球虫（E.exigua）、黄色艾美耳球虫（E.flavescens）、肠艾美耳球虫（E.inrestinalis）、无残艾美耳球虫（E．irresidua）、大型艾美耳球虫（E.magna）、松林艾美耳球虫（E.matsubayashii）、中型艾美耳球虫（E.media）、穿孔艾美耳球虫（E．perforans）、梨形艾美耳球虫（E．piriformis）和斯氏艾美耳球虫（E.stiedai），其中穿孔艾美耳球虫和中型艾美耳球虫为优势虫种。     

榆林市某兔场笼养比利时兔球虫感染情况调查

为了解榆林市某兔场笼养比利时兔球虫的感染情况,试验采用饱和盐水漂浮法、司陶尔虫卵计数法和重铬酸钾培养法对57份粪便样品进行兔球虫感染情况调查。结果表明:该兔场兔球虫平均感染率为64.9%。成年兔感染率为61.5%,感染强度为400个;幼兔感染率为72.2%,感染强度为600个。共检出8种球虫,分别为小型艾美耳球虫(E.exigua)、纳格浦尔艾美耳球虫(E.nagpurensis)、黄艾美耳球虫(E.flavescens)、梨形艾美耳球虫(E.piriformis)、大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)、斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)、松林艾美耳球虫(E.matsubayashii),其中黄艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫、斯氏艾美耳球虫所占比例较高,分别为23%、19%、17%。说明该兔场笼养兔球虫感染率较高,黄艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫、斯氏艾美耳球虫为优势种。     

福建省家兔球虫病感染情况调查

为掌握福建省家兔球虫病的发病情况及影响因素,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和卵囊培养法分别对福建省9县市的兔场进行了家兔球虫病感染情况的调查。结果表明,所调查的县市中家兔球虫病平均感染率为44.00%;幼兔的感染率较高,平均达59.33%,种兔的感染率相对较低,平均为4.71%;不同品种感染情况为福建黄兔感染率最高达51.52%,福建白兔较低为4.41%;种兔和幼兔的感染率2013年度分别为15.63%、89.26%明显高于2012年度的3.14%和32.85%;本次共检出12种艾美耳球虫,分别是斯氏艾美耳球虫、中型艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫、黄艾美耳球虫、新兔艾美耳球虫、野兔艾美耳球虫、纳格浦尔艾美耳球虫、无残艾美耳球虫、长形艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫、肠艾美耳球虫。     

西昌市郊兔球虫感染情况调查

为了摸清西昌市兔球虫感染现状,进而更好地为防治兔球虫病提供依据,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏虫卵计数法,对采自西昌市郊的101份新鲜粪样进行兔球虫感染情况调查。结果显示:西昌市郊兔球虫平均感染率为85.1%,共检出11种艾美耳球虫,优势虫种为盲肠艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫。调查表明:西昌市兔球虫感染非常普遍,呈混合感染,且致病种占有一定的优势。     

榆林市獭兔球虫种类的初步调查

对陕西榆林的獭兔球虫种类进行初步调查,结果表明,该地区獭兔球虫感染率为100%,且均为混合感染.感染强度OPG最大值为21875.本次共检出11种獭兔艾美耳球虫,即:盲肠艾美耳球虫、小型艾美耳球虫、黄色艾美耳球虫、肠艾美耳球虫、无残艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫、松林艾美耳球虫、中型艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫和斯氏艾美耳球虫,其中穿孔艾美耳球虫和中型艾美耳球虫为优势虫种.     

新疆奎屯部分地区奶牛球虫感染现状调查

为调查奎屯地区奶牛球虫感染与流行现状,试验选取奎屯不同地区的5个规模化奶牛养殖场,对2~3月龄、6月龄、1~2岁、5~6岁的牛直肠采集粪便共290份进行球虫检测。结果发现被检5个规模化奶牛场均存在球虫感染,感染率最高为58.14%;共检出8种艾美耳属球虫,分别是牛艾美耳球虫（Eimeriabovis）（8.62%）、邱氏艾美耳球虫（Eimeriazuernii）（9.31%）、椭圆艾美耳球虫（Eimeria ellipsoidalli）（11.03%）、柱状艾美耳球虫（Eimeria cylindrce）（5.86%）、阿拉巴艾美耳球虫（Eimeria alabamensis）（4.13%）、亚球艾美耳球虫（Eimeria subspherica）（9.31%）、奥博艾美耳球虫（Eimeria auburnensis）（5.17%）、加拿大艾美耳球虫（Eimeria canadensis）（3.44%）,且优势虫种为椭圆艾美耳球虫（Eimeria ellipsoidalli）、邱氏艾美耳球虫（Eimeria zuernii）、亚球艾美耳球虫（Eimeriasubspherica）、牛艾美耳球虫（Eimeriabovis）。     

陕西杨凌某兔场球虫种类与感染情况调查研究

本研究采用家兔粪便检查法和球虫卵曩培养法对杨凌某兔场球虫种类和感染情况进行了调查研究。结果表明,家兔球虫总感染率为67.5%,其中3~4月龄幼兔球虫感染率高达95%,15~16月龄的成年兔感染率为40%;鉴定出兔球虫种类8种,全为多种混合感染。优势种为穿孔艾美耳球虫(E.perforans)、黄艾美耳球虫(E.flavescens)、无残艾美耳球虫(E.irresidua)、斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai),所占比例分别为28.7%,19.3%,18.0%和16.7%。研究结果为该兔场球虫病的防治提供了参考资料。     

河南省奶牛球虫病流行病学调查

对河南省豫东、豫西、豫南、豫北及郑州市五个地区的47家奶牛场对成年牛、青年牛、小牛、犊牛共抽取1 520头份粪便进行球虫检测,结果发现被检牛场球虫感染全部阳性,其中感染率最高的场达91.72%,最低为14.09%。本次调查共发现11种艾美耳属球虫,分别是椭圆艾美耳球虫（27.85%）、牛艾美耳球虫（15.34%）、奥博艾美耳球虫（13.41%）、邱氏艾美耳球虫（9.01%）、加拿大艾美耳球虫（8.36%）、曼德拉艾美耳球虫（5.59%）、亚球艾美耳球虫（4.28%）、巴西艾美耳球虫（3.09%）、柱状艾美耳球虫（1.38%）、怀俄明艾美耳球虫（0.72%）、阿拉巴艾美耳球虫（0.53%）。椭圆艾美耳球虫感染率最高,其次是牛艾美耳球虫和奥博艾美耳球虫,邱氏艾美耳球虫和加拿大艾美耳球虫也有较高的感染率。     

Epidemiological Investigation and Species Identification of Eimeria of a Rex Rabbit Farm in Fujian Province

In order to investigate coccidium infection of a Rex rabbit farm in Fujian province, 494 fecal samples were collected from different ages of Rex rabbits and examined by McMaster's method and the method of saturated saline flotation.The results showed that the total prevalence was 87.45% and the mean oocysts per gram (OPG) value was 2.56×10⁴.The prevalences of coccidia among each rabbit age were different, and it was highest at the age of about 40 d (98.61%) and about 65 d (98.95%) rabbits.The prevalence and OPG values at the age under 30 d (19.23% and 331) were significantly lower, and the distribution pattern of OPG values was negative binomial distribution in rabbits by using fitting of distributions.In total, 11 species of Eimeria were identified from oocyst-positive samples.The infection of Eimeria was mixed infection with more than two Eimeria species, and mostly of which were infected by 3 to 7 Eimeria species.The dominant species of Eimeria were E.perforans, E.media, E.exigua and E.magna, and their prevalences were 20.15%, 16.79%, 13.94% and 13.48%, respectively.     

福建某獭兔场兔艾美耳球虫感染情况调查及种类鉴定

为掌握福建某规模化獭兔场兔球虫病的流行情况,采用麦克马斯特计数法(McMaster's method)和饱和氯化钠溶液漂浮法,对采集的494份獭兔粪便样品中兔球虫感染情况和卵囊种类进行调查分析。结果显示,该獭兔场兔球虫总感染率和平均每克粪便卵囊数(OPG值)分别为87.45%和2.56×10⁴,各日龄段均有感染,其中以40日龄左右兔和65日龄左右兔感染率最高,分别达98.61%和98.95%;30日龄以下哺乳仔兔感染率和OPG值均最低,分别为19.23%和331,且该场兔球虫卵囊的OPG值分布符合负二项分布。本次调查共检出11种兔艾美耳球虫,均为混合感染,感染球虫种类多为3~7种;其中感染比例最高的4种兔球虫依次为穿孔艾美耳球虫(20.15%)、中型艾美耳球虫(16.79%)、小型艾美耳球虫(13.94%)和大型艾美耳球虫(13.48%)。     

Coccidia of domestic and feral goats in South Australia

Faecal samples were examined from 497 domestic and 318 feral goats in South Australia. Oocysts of Eimeria species were detected in 97% of the domestic goats and 3% of the fetal goats. The species of Eimeria identified from domestic goats (and their prevalences) were E. hirci (82%), E. arloingi (81%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (51%), E. alijevi (49%), E. caprina (32%), E. christenseni (29%), E. caprovina (12%), E. jolchijevi (9%) and E. apsheronica (6%). Two of these species, E. caprina and E. jolchijevi, were not found in the feral goats. E. christenseni, E. caprovina and E. jolchijevi were more prevalent in domestic goats < 12 months old than in adults.     

Comparison of Drug Resistance of E.coli from Pigs in Different Regions under the Same Breeding Mode

In order to compare the resistance of E.coli from pigs of different regions under same breeding mode in Xinjiang, we collected fecal samples from pig farms of Hutubi (207), Manasi (210) and Changji (210) in a certain scale, respectively, a total of 627 samples, and isolation rate of E.coli from fecal samples were all 100.0%.The broth dilution method was used to detect resistance of E.coli to antimicrobials, and we compared the differences of resistance rate of E.coli from pig farms in three regions by chi square test. E.coli from pig farms of Hutubi region to apramycin, amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ceftiofur existed extremely significant differences comparing with another two regions (P< 0.01).E.coli from pig farms of Manasi region to ciprofloxacin existed significant differences comparing with another two regions (P< 0.05), and existed extremely significant differences to norfloxacin (P< 0.01).E.coli from pig farms of Changji region to norfloxacin had extremely significant differences comparing with Hutubi region (P< 0.01), and existed significant differences to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin comparing with Manasi region (P< 0.05).3 to 8 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 94.7% in Hutubi region, 3 to 7 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 89.5% in Manasi region and 4 to 8 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 82.4% in Changji region, respectively.There was no significant difference among different regions on multi-drug resistance (P> 0.05).The results indicated that E.coli from pigs of different regions under the same breeding mode had different characteristics of resistance.In addition, the resistance of E.coli from pigs were very serious and mainly multi-drug resistant, drug resistance patterns were diversified.     

The coccidia of sheep and goats in Senegal

A survey of the coccidia in domestic sheep and goats was undertaken to ascertain the type of Eimeria species and the number of different coccidial species in individual faecal samples. Simultaneously the prevalence and the oocyst output was investigated in 2234 sheep and 577 goats during a 12-month period. Eight Eimeria species were encountered in sheep: E. ahsata, E. crandallis, E. faurei, E. intricata, E. ovina, E. ovinoidalis, E. pallida and E. parva.

In goats the following species were found: E. ahsata, E. arloingi, E. christenseni, E. crandallis, E. faurei, E. intricata, E. ninakohlyakimovae and E. parva.

The prevalence in sheep was 94% and in goats 85%, multiple parasitism was the rule. No seasonal fluctuation was observed in the prevalence or oocyst output. The sheep and goats' oocyst output was moderate, the mean for both being in the range of 1000–5000 oocysts/g of faeces.     

Flock-level prevalence of Eimeria species among broiler chicks in northern Jordan

Six chicks (3–6 weeks of age) were taken randomly from each of 200 broiler farms in northern Jordan, these chicks were submitted for post-mortem and parasitological examinations. Seven Eimeria spp. were identified: E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. mivati, E. mitis, and E. tenella. Half (50%) of the farms surveyed had all six chicks infected, 23% of the farms were free of the infection. E. tenella was the most prevalent species (39%) followed by E. necatrix (12%), E. brunitti (12%), and E. maxima (10%). Prevalences did not vary by flock size. Also, neither the use of coccidiostat nor previous coccidiosis clinical outbreaks was associated with the prevalence of coccidiosis.     

同一养殖模式下不同地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性比较

本试验旨在比较新疆相同养殖模式下不同地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况。分别在某规模化养猪场呼图壁(207份)、玛纳斯(210份)和昌吉(210份)地区采集粪样,共计627份样品,各地区猪源大肠杆菌的分离率均为100.0%。采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离出的大肠杆菌进行临床常用抗菌药物的药敏试验,并通过卡方检验比较3个地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药率的差异。结果显示,呼图壁地区猪源大肠杆菌对安普霉素、阿米卡星、阿莫西林—克拉维酸和头孢噻呋的耐药率均极显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.01);玛纳斯地区猪源大肠杆菌对环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.05),对诺氟沙星的耐药率极显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.01);昌吉地区猪源大肠杆菌对诺氟沙星的耐药率极显著高于呼图壁地区(P< 0.01),而对阿莫西林—克拉维酸和氨苄西林的耐药率均显著高于玛纳斯地区(P< 0.05)。呼图壁地区3~8耐菌株占94.7%,玛纳斯地区3~7耐菌株占89.5%,昌吉地区4~8耐菌株占82.4%。不同地区之间3~7耐菌株数差异不显著(P> 0.05)。结果表明,在相同的养殖模式下,不同地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况不同。此外,养殖场猪源大肠杆菌的耐药问题严重,以多药耐药为主,耐药谱型呈多样化。     

Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum from Pig on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Faecal Microflora Number and Serum Immune Indices in Weaned Piglets

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, faecal microflora number and serum immune indices of weaned piglets.A total of 160 weaned piglets with an average age of (30±2) days and averge body weight of (7.85±0.68) kg were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate feeding basal diet, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation diets, respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 d.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average daily gain, the feed conversion ratio, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorusin of Lactobacillus fermentum groups were all increased in varying degrees.The optimum supplemental level of Lactobacillus fermentum should be 0.2%, and at this level, the average daily gain was significantly increased by 8.70% (P<0.05), the F/G was decreased by 4.62% (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of faecal E.coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum IgG was significantly increased by 8.39% (P<0.05).The results indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation could improve the immune function, growth performance, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus and reduce the number of faecal E.coli of weaned piglets.     

猪m6A去甲基化酶FTO、ALKBH5基因表达水平与大肠杆菌F18感染抗性的关系分析

为了探讨猪6-甲基腺嘌呤（m⁶A）去甲基化酶mRNA表达水平与仔猪大肠杆菌F18抗性的关系,本研究运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测m⁶A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5基因在35日龄苏太猪断奶仔猪大肠杆菌F18抗性型和敏感型个体十二指肠和空肠组织中的mRNA表达差异,同时分别利用F18ab、F18ac大肠杆菌菌体刺激和内毒素LPS诱导猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）,检测FTO、ALKBH5基因表达变化。结果表明,FTO、ALKBH5基因在抗性型个体十二指肠和空肠中的表达量均极显著或显著高于敏感型个体（P<0.01,P<0.05）;不同F18大肠杆菌菌体刺激IPEC-J2细胞后,FTO基因表达水平均无显著变化（P>0.05）,而ALKBH5基因在F18ac刺激后表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;LPS诱导4 h时,FTO和ALKBH5基因表达量均显著上调（P<0.05）。本研究在细胞和个体水平上初步验证并发现了m⁶A去甲基化酶FTO和ALKBH5基因表达水平与大肠杆菌感染仔猪密切相关,为今后深入研究RNA去甲基化修饰在仔猪细菌性腹泻调控中的作用机制提供了理论基础。     

Relationship Between Expression Levels of Porcine m6A Demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 Genes and Resistance to E.coli F18 Infection

To investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression level of m⁶A demethylase and E.coli F18 resistance in piglets,Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression differences of m⁶A demethylase FTO and ALKBH5 genes in the duodenum and jejunum tissues of E.coli F18-resistant and -sensitive individuals from 35-day Sutai weaned piglets.In E.coli F18ab,F18ac bacteria-stimulated and endotoxin LPS-induced porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2),the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes were detected,respectively.The results showed that the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes in the duodenum and jejunum of resistant individuals were extremely significantly or significantly higher than those of sensitive individuals (P<0.01,P<0.05),and the expression of FTO gene were not significantly changed in E.coli F18 bacteria-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells (P>0.05),but the expression levels of ALKBH5 gene were significantly up-regulated after F18ac stimulation (P<0.05).After LPS induction for 4 hours,the expression levels of FTO and ALKBH5 genes showed significant up-regulation in IPEC-J2 cells (P<0.05).This study preliminarily verified and indicated that the expression levels of m⁶A demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 genes were closely related to E.coli resistance of piglets at the cellular and individual levels,which will provide a theoretical basis for future in-depth study of the regulation mechanism of RNA demethylation modification on bacterial diarrhea in piglets.