J亚群禽白血病研究进展

J亚群禽白血病病毒是上世纪90年代初从商品代肉鸡中分离鉴定出来的新的ALV亚群,主要引起肉鸡的骨髓瘤白血病(myloid leucosis,ML)。2009年,J亚群禽白血病在我国呈高发态势。我国于1999年首先在肉用型鸡群分离鉴定出ALV-J的中国株,随后相关研究依次展开。论文就ALV-J的流行病学、检测方法、病毒变异、免疫抑制及与其他免疫抑制疾病共感染等几个方面进行了简要介绍。     

J亚群禽白血病的诊断和防制

J亚群禽白血病是由J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)引起的一种肿瘤性疾病。自20世纪80年代末。Dr．Payne等从肉用型鸡群中分离到并鉴定出J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)以来，该病在世界各国均已有不同程度流行。国内的研究开始于l999年，由杜岩等首次分离和鉴定到ALV-J。随后我     

黄羽肉鸡中一株ALV-J的分离与鉴定

通过抗体检测、病毒分离、间接免疫荧光检测和序列分析等诊断方法确认了山东黄羽肉鸡感染了J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)。对ALV-J env基因克隆测序后分析发现这株地方鸡群毒株的gp85基因与从白羽肉鸡中分离到的ALV-J具有非常高的同源性。进化树分析表明本文分离到的ALV-J毒株与从中国三黄鸡以及从中国和美国白羽肉鸡中分离到的一些参考毒株密切相关。本文报道了山东地区黄羽肉鸡中ALV-J的感染,ALV-J在地方品系鸡中的净化亟待解决。     

麻鸡J亚群白血病与组织滴虫混合感染

禽J亚群白血病是由白血病病毒J亚群(ALV-J)引起的、主要侵害肉鸡的一种肿瘤性疾病.1991年,Payne在肉种鸡中首次发现此病[1].1999年,杜岩等[2]在国内首次从商品代肉鸡中分离检测到ALV-J,此后在蛋鸡、地方种鸡中也陆续发现ALV-J感染[3].     

ALV-J和REV诱导雏鸡腔上囊细胞凋亡试验

禽白血病/肉瘤病毒群可引起禽类的多种肿瘤性疾病[1].1988年英国的Payne及其同事又从肉用型鸡群中分离得到了一株新的白血病病毒,命名为J亚群禽白血病病毒(avian leukosis virus subgroup J, ALV-J).该亚型主要感染肉鸡,可使肉仔鸡早期发生白血病,并可造成免疫抑制[2].     

ALV-J HB2009株诱发鸡白血病的致病性研究

禽白血病是由反转录病毒(禽白血病/肉瘤病毒群)引起的以造血组织细胞异常增生为特征的肿瘤性疾病.根据病毒囊膜糖蛋白的特性可分为10个亚群(A～J).其中J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)自1989年英国Payne[1]在肉鸡群中首次发现以来,在世界各地肉鸡群中陆续暴发了J亚群禽白血病.     

肉用鸡成髓细胞白血病

在过去的3年内,肉用种鸡群中的成年鸡成髓细胞白血病(myeloidleukosis)(或称骨髓细胞瘤,myelcytomatosis)(ML)使世界范围内的禽肉加工业遭受了严重损失。本病是由一种有囊膜的病毒引起的,这种病毒属于禽白血病病毒(avianleukosisvirus,ALV)的一个新亚群,即J群,通常称之为ALV-J。70年代后期和80年代,ML病例在英国的商品代肉鸡中散在发生,但未达到引起人们重视的程度。一般来说,由ALV引起的白血病对于肉用型鸡并不是一个重要的疾病。事实上许多肉鸡品种似乎对通常ALV亚群病毒有遗传抵抗力。1988年,在研究肉用种鸡的ALV感染状况时,从…     

蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病与马立克氏病混合感染的诊断

禽白血病与马立克氏病均为肿瘤性疾病.禽白血病属反转录病毒科,禽C型反转录病毒属,划分为A～J 10个亚群[1].1991年Payne首次报道,从商品代肉用鸡中分离得到J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J),主要引起肉鸡的髓细胞瘤[2].……     

应用组织芯片免疫组化法检测ALV-J

禽白血病J亚群（ALV-J）是英国的Payne和他的同事们在20世纪90年代初从肉鸡中分离出来的新亚群，主要引起肉鸡的骨髓瘤白血病。自1999年，我国一些肉用型种鸡场陆续发生了禽白血病J亚群。并且近几年来，ALV-J已从最初只引起肉种鸡发病开始向蛋鸡及中国地方种鸡蔓延。组织芯片技术是一种新型特殊的生物芯片技术，它能明显提高工作效率，减少实验误差。本研究将组织芯片技术和免疫组化染色结合起来，用特异性抗ALV-J囊膜蛋白gp85的单克隆抗体来检测发病鸡只的各组织器官的组织切片。在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、卵巢、腺胃、骨髓、髓细胞瘤组织均检出病毒阳性抗原。结果表明组织芯片技术和免疫组化染色相结合为临床诊断ALV-J提供了一个高通量、敏感的检测方法。     

禽白血病（J-亚型）的诊断

禽白血病病毒是一种反转录病毒。近年来,在商 品肉用型鸡群中禽白血病(ALV-J)呈流行趋势。J-亚 群白血病病毒主要引起肉用型鸡的以骨髓细胞瘤为 主的白血病,称之为鸡的J-亚型白血病。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.