Growth Analysis Using Classical and Functional Techniques in Relation to Soil Moisture in Mustard

A Reid experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil moisture on growth of two mustard cultivars using classical and functional techniques of growth analysis. Two soil moisture levels were irrigated at 10-day intervals and a rainfed control was included. Total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) were significantly increased by irrigation at most of stages of growth. Starting from a lower value, LAI and LAD reached a peak and then gradually declined. Among the growth attributes, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) increased significantly under irrigation. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased more in the irrigated plants than the rainfed plants at the later stages of growth. LAR and LWR declined throughout with increasing time and plant weight. Seed yield of the irrigated plants was positively correlated with the pre-flowering LAI and the post-flowering CGR and NAR. In the rainfed plants, seed yield was positively correlated with LAI and CGR at the post-flowering stage and negatively with the post-flowering NAR and pre-flowering LAR.     

Impact of Water Stress on Maize Grown Off-Season in a Subtropical Environment

During the last decade, the production of off‐season maize has increased in several regions of Brazil. Growing maize during this season, with sowing from January through April, imposes several climatic risks that can impact crop yield. This is mainly caused by the high variability of precipitation and the probability of frost during the reproduction phases. High production risks are also partially due to the use of cultivars that are not adapted to the local environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate crop growth and development and associated yield, yield components and water use efficiency (WUE) for maize hybrids with different maturity ratings grown off‐season in a subtropical environment under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Three experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil with four hybrids of different maturity duration, AG9010 (very short season), DAS CO32 and Exceler (short season) and DKB 333B (normal season). Leaf area index (LAI), plant height and dry matter were measured approximately every 18 days. Under rainfed conditions, the soil water content in the deeper layers was reduced, suggesting that the extension of the roots into these layers was a response to soil water limitations. On average, WUE varied from 1.45 kg m⁻³ under rainfed conditions to 1.69 kg m⁻³ under irrigated conditions during 2001. The average yield varied from 4209 kg ha⁻¹ for the hybrids grown under rainfed conditions to 5594 kg ha⁻¹ under irrigated conditions during 2001. Yield reductions under rainfed conditions were affected by the genotype. For the hybrid DKB 333B with a normal maturity, yield was reduced by 25.6 % while the short maturity hybrid Exceler was the least impacted by soil water limitations with a yield reduction of only 8.4 %. To decrease the risk of yield loss, the application of supplemental irrigation should be considered by local farmers, provided that this practice is not restricted by either economic considerations or the availability of sufficient water resources.     

Green Area Duration during the Grain Filling Period of an Argentine Wheat Cultivar as Influenced by Sowing Date, Temperature and Sink Strength

The effects of sowing date, air temperature during the grain filling period, sink-strength, and then-interactions on the wheat green area (leaves, leaf sheaths and peduncles) duration from anthesis to total senescence were determined under field conditions at Buenos Aires (Argentina). The individual grain weight was determined as an average of either all grains or basal grains of the spikelets 7 and 8 through the treatments.
The delayed sowing date reduced the period of leaf senescence when it was regarded as calendar time between anthesis to maturity, but it did not affect that period regarded as thermal time. Similarly, the increased temperature has also increased the rate of senescence. On the other hand, the sink strength did not affect the green area duration; since neither the rate nor the period of senescence was altered.
Similarly, both sowing date and mean temperature decreased the individual grain weight, but the sink strength did not affected the weight of the basal grains, which could be interpreted as the effects of the other two factors were independent to the availability of assimilates per grain.
The effect of increased grain filling temperature on reducing grain weight did not operate via reducing the availability of assimilates although it also reduced the total grain area duration. We observed that the increased temperature decreased the individual grain weight of the basal grains at any source sink ratio.     

Environmental and genetic determination of protein content and grain yield in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions

The unpredictability of the Mediterranean climate causes fluctuations in wheat yield and quality, but offers the opportunity for obtaining high‐quality durum wheat in terms of grain protein content. Twenty‐five durum wheat genotypes were grown under irrigated and rainfed conditions at each of two latitudes in Spain during 1998 and 1999. Differences between latitudes in grain protein content and chlorophyll content in the flag leaf were attributable to nitrogen fertilization management. Cycle length until anthesis was less affected by the environment than grain‐filling duration, and was longer under irrigated conditions than in the rainfed sites. A negative asymptotic curve was the best equation to fit the relationship between yield and protein content, suggesting that yield improvements in fertile environments may be attained with negligible reductions in protein content. ‘Jabato’, ‘Waha’, ‘Lagost‐3’, ‘Massara‐1’ and ‘Vit?on’ showed medium to high yield, yield stability and high protein content. Chlorophyll content in the flag leaf, measured at anthesis with the soil‐plant analysis development (SPAD) portable field unit, may be useful for the fast and cheap detection of durum wheat genotypes with high grain protein content in drought‐stressed Mediterranean environments.     

冬小麦济麦22和春小麦津强8号的产量形成差异分析

为探明冬小麦和春小麦产量形成差异,2016年10月-2017年6月以冬小麦品种济麦22和春小麦品种津强8号为材料,在大田条件下研究了冬小麦和春小麦生育期、叶面积指数、干物质积累及产量构成。结果表明,春小麦出苗比冬小麦延长8d,营养生长期缩短77~78d,灌浆期延长1~2d,全生育期缩短143~144d。拔节期和开花期,春小麦和冬小麦的叶面积指数无显著差异,但灌浆期春小麦叶面积指数比冬小麦叶面积指数增加6.34%~7.67%,不同生育时期春小麦和冬小麦干物质积累量无差异。春小麦收获穗数和千粒重比冬小麦分别增加2.35%~5.29%和4.28%~5.13%,但穗粒数比冬小麦少1.4~2.3,春小麦与冬小麦理论产量和实际产量均无显著差异。综上所述,春小麦可通过增加播量,增加穗数,保持稳定的叶面积指数和干物质积累量,实现小麦稳产,可为区域变革麦-玉种植制度,实现麦-玉周年双机收子粒提供理论支撑。     

密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析

提高种植密度是玉米高产的重要措施之一,并且群体密度对冠层光合特性与产量有重要影响,为阐明不同基因型玉米品种的耐密性,本研究以先玉335、郑单958、吉单209为供试品种,设置60 000株 hm^-2、75 000株 hm^-2、90 000株 hm^-2、105 000株 hm^-2 4种密度处理,测定并计算6个生育期的叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)、净同化率(NAR)以及产量性能参数平均叶面积指数(MLAI)、平均净同化率(MNAR)、收获指数(HI)、单位面积穗数(EN)、单穗粒数(GN)、千粒重(GW),并结合产量性能参数的变化对各品种进行耐密性分析。结果表明,不同品种产量性能参数对密度胁迫的反应相同,MLAI、EN与密度呈显著正相关,MNAR、HI、GN、GW与密度呈显著负相关;各品种产量对密度的响应呈一元二次方程关系,并具有良好的相关性;在试验密度范围内,品种耐密性表现以先玉335最好、郑单958次之,吉单209较差,其中,先玉335的适宜密度范围为90 000~105 000株 hm^-2,郑单958与吉单209的适宜密度范围为75 000~90 000株 hm^-2。     

水浇地与旱地春小麦新型光谱曲线特征变量与叶绿素关系的对比研究

为了利用新型光谱曲线特征变量对水浇地与旱地春小麦叶绿素含量进行估算,测定水浇地与旱地春小麦冠层光谱、叶绿素含量、叶宽和苗高,并利用各地春小麦冠层光谱曲线“峰谷”存在差异的特点,通过分析光谱曲线特征变量与水浇地和旱地春小麦叶绿素含量的相关性,分别建立了水浇地和旱地春小麦叶绿素含量最佳估算模型并检验模型精度。结果表明：在723 nm、730 nm和736 nm前后,水浇地、阴坡地、阳坡和双面坡地春小麦原始光谱与叶绿素含量的相关性表现出完全相反的变化规律。在以上波段之前,相关系数为负,之后为正。各地春小麦叶绿素含量与绿边和黄边曲线变化速率及反射绿峰两边的夹角存在很好的相关性,与水浇地、阴坡地、阳坡和双面坡相关性最好的光谱曲线特征变量分别为K pv、Kb和GPA1,相关系数均大于0.80。抛物线和线性模型是估测各地类春小麦叶绿素含量的最佳模型,模型R2均超过0.89,预测能力均大于92%。研究结果为以后利用高光谱信息监测小麦长势及产量提供了新思路和方法。     

Crop nitrogen demand and canopy area expansion in winter wheat during vegetative growth

The effect of nitrogen (N) on crop growth and productivity is mediated through effects on both light interception (green crop area) and radiation use efficiency (RUE). The effects of N nutrition on these factors were studied using data on green area index (GAI), above-ground dry matter and N uptake from growth analysis measurements in winter wheat from a number of experiments in Denmark with different application rates of N. Only measurements taken prior to anthesis were used in the statistical analyses. The N uptake was found to be proportional to GAI, and to have an additional curvilinear response to dry matter implying decreasing N concentration with increasing dry matter. This supports the hypothesis that nitrogen is associated with both the green surfaces of the crop canopy and with the dry matter component. A model of GAI expansion is presented incorporating three limiting factors: an exponential increase in GAI in thermal time, a minimum leaf area ratio, and a minimum ratio of GAI to N content in above-ground dry matter. This simple function has potential to be used as a tool for targeting timing and rates of N fertilisation in relation to a desired development of GAI. Such N application strategies should also consider the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), which was defined based on the relationship between N uptake and both GAI and dry matter. The response of RUE to NNI showed a curvilinear response with a tendency for saturation at high NNI. The design of N application strategies should therefore ensure that low NNI is avoided during the most productive periods in the growing season.     

旱作和灌溉条件下小麦籽粒淀粉粒粒度的分布特征

在灌溉和旱作2种栽培条件下, 以籽粒淀粉含量不同的小麦品种鲁麦21和德99-3为试验材料, 研究了籽粒淀粉粒的分布特征及基因型差异。结果表明, 与灌溉栽培相比, 旱作栽培条件下2个小麦品种籽粒B型淀粉粒(2.0~9.8 mm和<9.8 mm)的体积、表面积百分比显著增加, 而粒径>18.8 mm的A型淀粉粒的体积、表面积百分比明显减少。水分亏缺降低了2个品种的籽粒直链淀粉和总淀粉含量, 而增加了籽粒蛋白质含量、峰值黏度和最终黏度, 这表明旱作栽培有利于小麦籽粒品质的改善。相关分析表明, 2个品种籽粒的直链淀粉和总淀粉含量均与2.0~9.8 μm和<9.8 mm的淀粉粒体积百分比呈负相关, 与9.8~18.8 mm的淀粉粒体积百分比呈正相关, 籽粒蛋白质含量与2.0~9.8 mm和<9.8 mm的淀粉粒呈显著和极显著正相关, 而与9.8~18.8 mm的淀粉粒呈负相关。表明小淀粉粒(2.0~9.8 mm和<9.8 mm)的直链淀粉和总淀粉含量较低、蛋白质含量较高, 而大淀粉粒(9.8~18.8 mm和>9.8 mm)具有较高的直链淀粉和总淀粉含量。     

基于GF-1/2卫星数据的冬小麦叶面积指数反演

叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是监测作物生长状况的重要参数,准确、快速、大面积估算LAI不仅有助于更好地监测农作物,而且也有助于其在建模、总体作物管理及精准农业中的应用。本研究为了利用国产遥感影像快速、大面积反演冬小麦LAI,以GF-1/2影像作为数据源,提取常用植被指数,结合不同生育期(起身期、拔节期、开花期)实测LAI数据,建立反演冬小麦LAI的单变量和多变量经验模型,并对其进行验证。结果表明,GF-1起身期、GF-1拔节期以及GF-1开花期提取的植被指数中,MSR(modified simple ratio)、GNDVI(green normalized difference vegetation index)、EVI(enhanced vegetation index)与LAI间的相关系数最大,分别为0.708、0.671和0.743,说明这些植被指数与冬小麦LAI间的相关性较显著;GF-1不同生育期的反演模型相比,基于拔节期GNDVIGF-1建立的二次多项式模型和基于开花期EVIGF-1、GSRGF-1(green simple ratio)、NDVIGF-1(normalized difference vegetation index)建立的PLSR(partial least squares regression)模型R2最大,均为0.783,PLSR模型的RMSE小于二次多项式模型,说明该多变量模型的稳定性优于单变量模型;同一个生育期不同影像相比,基于GF-2的NDVIGF-2建立的二次多项式模型和基于NDVIGF-2、MSRGF-2、SAVIGF-2(soil-adjusted vegetation index)建立的PLSR模型精度高于基于GF-1的2种模型,R2分别为0.768和0.809;不同生育期反演的LAI分布图表明,LAI反演值与实测LAI值基本吻合。以上研究结果说明国产高分辨率遥感影像在农作物生理参数反演中有一定的应用价值,可以为以后的相关研究提供一定的参考。     

Dry matter partitioning and canopy traits in wheat and barley under varying N supply

The prediction of the allocation of carbon and nitrogen into the different organs, e.g., leaves, stems, roots of a growing plant is a pivotal part of mechanistic growth models. Based on 2 year (winter wheat) and 3 year (winter barley) field trials with different N treatments (0–240 kg N ha⁻¹), the objectives of this study were to verify currently used parameters for (i) specific leaf area, and (ii) allometric relationships between leaf and stem dry matter (DM).Green area index (GAI) differed between years and increased with N supply rate. The course of the specific leaf area (SLA) within the growth period after winter showed a large variation between the years as well as between the N treatments. During stem elongation, SLA positively correlated with GAI in both crops, indicating that leaves became thinner when the canopy was denser. The allometric relationships between stem and leaf dry DM clearly varied with the growth stages. Stem DM of wheat showed a higher proportion of the total above-ground biomass compared to barley. The effect of N fertilization on allometry remained small during early growth stages in barley, whereas in wheat, an increased N supply significantly decreased the proportion of stem DM.Our results suggest similar GAI and SLA patterns for wheat and barley, albeit depending on the N supply. Especially, using a constant SLA in plant growth models seems to be not suitable.     

源库调节对灌溉与旱地小麦开花后光合产物生产和分配的影响

灌溉条件下,减源可使小麦叶片光合速率增加,减库光合速率降低。增降幅度因品种而异。鲁215953、山农48-2,鲁麦14和莱州953等品种减源后光合速率增加较少,但减库后光合速率明显降低;鲁麦15、核生2 , D041和太780等品种则相反。旱地无灌溉条件下,无论源或者库的调节对小麦叶片光合速率的影响都比较小。说明源库与光合速率之     

基于叶形纸称重法的烤烟田间最大叶面积指数研究

为给科技人员正确应用烤烟叶面积相关指标提供参考依据,在现行优质烟生产条件下,针对14个基因型烤烟叶面积指数最大时期的关联指标进行研究。结果表明：采用叶形纸称重法测算烤烟叶面积校正系数是完全可行的。田间单株叶面积在1.84~2.90 m²,平均为2.08 m²;最大叶面积指数在3.07~4.83,平均为3.47。不同基因型烤烟之间,叶面积校正系数和最大叶面积指数差异较大,不宜采用某一常数值进行机械套用,而应针对特定品种进行探索。     

Effect of Soil Moisture on Relative Leaf Water Content, Chlorophyll, Proline and Sugar Accumulation in Wheat

The responses of four wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to soil moisture were determined by measuring plant parameters such as relative leaf water content (RLWC) and the chlorophyll, proline and sugar contents of the leaf over two seasons. Two levels of irrigation treatments were adopted: irrigated and rainfed. The rainfed plants had consistently higher amounts of proline and sugar but lower RLWC and chlorophyll content. As drought intensified, differences between the irrigated and the rainfed plants with respect to all of these characters increased. The RLWC values of the irrigated plants were significantly higher in the morning but lower values were found at noon, showing some recovery in the afternoon.     

Canopy Development and Light Absorption of Grain Legume Species in a Short Season Mediterranean-type Environment

Leaf area index (LAI), fractional canopy light interception (F) and plant mortality at maturity, were determined for nine short-duration pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) genotypes in response to drought during the late-vegetative and flowering (stress 1), the flowering and early podfill (stress 2), or podfill (stress 3) stages. LAI and F were reduced, but plant mortality did not increase under drought. Stress 2 reduced LAI to the greatest extent, consistent with the effects on seed yield. At the end of stress 1, seed yield was closely related to LAI for the different genotypes in stressed but not in unstressed (control) plots. Reductions in LAI due to reproductive growth were as great or greater than those due to water stress. Indeterminate genotypes had smaller but more leaves per plant compared to the determinate genotypes. The importance of these differences to drought resistance was not apparent. Production of leaves with decreasing specific leaf area throughout plant growth may be advantageous, especially when drought is likely to occur during reproductive growth. Values of F during and following water stress gave an indication of genotypic drought resistance, with the most drought-sensitive genotype showing the largest reduction in F under water stress and the slowest rate of recovery following rewatering. For short-duration pigeonpea, where plant mortality is not a factor under water stress, the maintenance of both LAI and F appears to indicate genotypic drought resistance.     

CO2 and ozone effects on canopy development of potato crops across Europe

This paper describes the effects of elevated CO₂ (550 and 680 μl l⁻¹) and O₃ (60 nl l⁻¹ O₃ as an 8 h mean), alone or in combination, on canopy development and senescence in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Bintje) across a range of European agro-climatic conditions. The assessments were made within the European CHIP project (CHanging climate and potential Impacts on Potato yield and quality) that was conducted for two growing seasons (1998 and 1999) in free air CO₂ enrichment systems (FACE) and open-top chamber facilities (OTCs) at seven European sites. A comparison of chambered and unchambered experimental plots was included to examine the effects of chamber enclosure. Phenological growth stages, plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and the number of green and yellow leaves were recorded non-destructively throughout the growing season and by a destructive intermediate harvest at maximum leaf area (MLA). In the dynamic growth analysis CO₂ and O₃ effects were studied over three developmental stages: canopy expansion, full canopy and canopy senescence. Chamber enclosures promoted potato crop development (taller plants, more leaves) during the initial growth stages and led to a faster decline of LAI and a higher number of yellow leaves. The growth in ambient plots varied between sites and seasons, as did the scale of the treatment responses. Despite the large background variation, some overall treatment effects could be detected across all sites. Both levels of increased CO₂ reduced final plant height in comparison to ambient concentrations, which indicates a premature ending of the active plant growth. At the stage of full canopy and crop senescence the average number of green leaves was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 680 μl l⁻¹ CO₂ (OTC experiments) and LAI showed the same tendency (P=0.07). As there was however no indication of a decreased leaf formation during initial growth and at full canopy, this must have been due to an earlier leaf fall. In the FACE experiments LAI had already began to decline at the stage of full canopy at 550 μl l⁻¹ CO₂ but not in ambient CO₂ (DAE×CO₂, P<0.05). These observations strongly indicated that elevated CO₂ induced a premature senescence during full canopy. O₃ did not have an overall detrimental effect on crop development during initial growth nor at full canopy, but did induce a faster reduction of LAI during crop senescence (DAE×O₃, P<0.05). Final plant height was not affected by O₃. There were few CO₂×O₃ interactions detected. There was a suggestion (P=0.06) that O₃ counteracted the CO₂-induced decrease of green leaves at full canopy, but on the other hand during crop senescence the decline of LAI due to elevated O₃ was faster at ambient compared to elevated CO₂ (P<0.05). These responses of canopy development to elevated CO₂ and O₃ help to explain the treatment responses of potato yield within the CHIP project at sites across Europe.     

Genotypic and temperature effects on wheat grain yield and quality in a hot irrigated environment

High temperature influences both grain yield and end‐use quality of wheat. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of selected wheat genotypes under heat stress and to examine the effects of high temperatures during grain filling on grain yield and end‐use quality parameters. Fifteen bread wheat genotypes in 2000/2001 and 18 genotypes in 2002/2003 were evaluated under the optimum and late‐sowing conditions of the irrigated hot environment of the Gezira Research Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan. The genotypes comprised released varieties and elite lines from the Sudanese wheat improvement programme. Data collected included grain yield, grain weight and grain end‐use quality including protein content, protein composition, SDS sedimentation values (SDSS) and gluten strength as determined by mixograph analyses. High temperatures significantly decreased grain yield by decreasing grain weight. Although genotypes exhibited variation in magnitude of response, results indicated that high temperature during grain filling increased both soluble and insoluble protein contents, SDSS, mixograph peak height (MPH) and the descending slope at 2 min past peak (MDS). In contrast, mixograph peak time (MPT) and the curve width at 2 min past peak (MCW) were significantly decreased. Flour protein correlated positively with SDSS, MPH and MDS and negatively with MCW. MPT correlated negatively with MDS and positively with MCW. Results indicate that high temperature increased both soluble and insoluble protein contents, SDSS and MPH, and hence the gluten strength, but decreased flour mixing time and tolerance and hence the dough elasticity. Variation observed among genotypes suggests that grain end‐use quality could be improved under high temperature conditions utilizing the available variability; however, it might require evaluation under various growing conditions.     

Genotype x environment interaction for durum wheat grain yield and selection for drought tolerance in irrigated and droughted environments in Iran

Durum wheat is grown in the Mediterranean region under stressful and variable environmental conditions. In a 4-year-long experiment, 14 genotypes [including 11 durum breeding lines, two durum (Zardak) and bread (Sardari) wheat landraces, and one durum (Saji) newly released variety] were evaluated under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Iran. Several selection indices [i.e. stress tolerance index (STI), drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), and irrigation efficiency (IE)] were used to characterize genotypic differences in response to drought. The GGE biplot methodology was applied to analyze a three-way genotype-environment-trait data. Combined ANOVA showed that the year effect was a predominant source of variation. The genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) in grain yield in the both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Graphic analysis of the relationship among the selection indices indicated that they are not correlated in ranking of genotypes. The two wheat landraces and the durum-improved variety with high DTE had minimum yield reduction under drought-stressed environments. According to STI, which combines yield potential and drought tolerance, the “Saji” cultivar followed by some breeding lines (G11, G8, and G4) performed better than the two landraces and were found to be stable and high-yielding genotypes in drought-prone rainfed environments. The breeding lines G8, G6, G4, and G9 were the efficient genotypes responding to irrigation utilization. In conclusion, the identification of the durum genotypes (G12, G11, and G4) with high yield and stability performance under unpredictable environments and high tolerance to drought stress conditions can help breeding programs and eventually contribute to increasing and sustainability of durum production in the unpredictable conditions of Iran.     

氮肥运筹对弱筋小麦群体指标与产量和品质形成的影响

以弱筋小麦品种扬麦9号和宁麦9号为材，研究了不同施氮水平及基追比对群体指标、产量和品质的影响。结果表明，孕穗期叶面积指数（LAI）随施氮量的增加而提高；小麦籽粒产量及成熟期生物产量、花后干物质积累量与施氮量均呈二次曲线关系；籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与施氮量呈极显著正相关。增加后期追氮比例及同比例2次追氮均提高了成熟期生物产量、花后干物质积累量、茎蘖成穗率、孕穗期LAI、籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量。花后干物质积累量、成熟期生物产量、成穗数、茎蘖成穗率与产量呈显著或极显著正相关，拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期LAI与产量呈显著或极显著二次曲线关系。弱筋小麦实现优质和产量7 000 kg hm^-2的氮肥运筹技术以施氮量200 kg hm^-2和基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为7∶2∶1，其高产优质协调的关键群体调控指标，最适LAI为6.9，花后干物质积累量和成熟期生物产量分别为5 300和16 500 kg hm^-2，成穗数为466×104 hm^-2，茎蘖成穗率为50%。     

可用于小麦品质改良的农家种种质筛选

为了筛选综合性状较好的可用于小麦品质改良的农家种资源,以212份小麦农家种为材料,采用Vp1B3分子标记和田间喷雾进行了抗穗发芽鉴定,用硬度指数法进行了硬度测定,并考察了部分农艺性状。结果表明,212个农家种中Vp-1Ba（感穗发芽）、Vp-1Bb（抗穗发芽）和Vp-1Bc（抗穗发芽）基因型的频率分别为70.28%,6.16%,23.70%,以Vp-1Ba基因型为主。3种基因型穗发芽率差异不显著,212个农家种的穗发芽率在7.79%~28.56%之间,平均为15.28%;农家种硬度指数(HI)平均值为71.22;农家种平均株高达到113.46 cm;农家种对白粉病抗性变异丰富,有3个品种为白粉病免疫;农家种平均穗粒数为28.33,平均千粒重为30.96 g。针对抗穗发芽、籽粒硬质、株高适宜、抗白粉病、高产等育种目标,筛选出等‘金包银’、‘玉麦1’、‘大红芒2’等12个种质材料,为进一步培育优质小麦奠定了基础。