冬小麦济麦22和春小麦津强8号的产量形成差异分析

为探明冬小麦和春小麦产量形成差异,2016年10月-2017年6月以冬小麦品种济麦22和春小麦品种津强8号为材料,在大田条件下研究了冬小麦和春小麦生育期、叶面积指数、干物质积累及产量构成。结果表明,春小麦出苗比冬小麦延长8d,营养生长期缩短77~78d,灌浆期延长1~2d,全生育期缩短143~144d。拔节期和开花期,春小麦和冬小麦的叶面积指数无显著差异,但灌浆期春小麦叶面积指数比冬小麦叶面积指数增加6.34%~7.67%,不同生育时期春小麦和冬小麦干物质积累量无差异。春小麦收获穗数和千粒重比冬小麦分别增加2.35%~5.29%和4.28%~5.13%,但穗粒数比冬小麦少1.4~2.3,春小麦与冬小麦理论产量和实际产量均无显著差异。综上所述,春小麦可通过增加播量,增加穗数,保持稳定的叶面积指数和干物质积累量,实现小麦稳产,可为区域变革麦-玉种植制度,实现麦-玉周年双机收子粒提供理论支撑。

Comparison of Yield Formation Between Winter Wheat Jimai 22 and Spring Wheat Jinqiang 8

In order to explore differences in yield formation process between spring wheat and winter wheat, a field experiment were conducted from October 2016 to June 2017 to study the growth duration, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation (DMA) and yield components of winter wheat Jimai 22 and spring wheat Jinqiang 8. The results showed that the seedling days of spring wheat were 8d longer than winter wheat, but the vegetative growth duration were shortened by 77-78d, and the grain filling period was prolonged by 1-2d, and so the whole growth period was shortened by 143-144d compared with winter wheat. Compared to winter wheat, there were no significant difference in LAI of spring wheat at jointing and anthesis stage, but was higher by 6.34%-7.67% at grain filling stage. There were no siginificant difference in DMA at each growth stage among spring wheat and winter wheat. With the increase of sowing amount of spring wheat, the ears number increased by 2.35%-5.29%, the 1000-grain weight increased by 4.28%-5.13%, the number of grains per spike of decreased by 1.4-2.3 respectively, compared with those of winter wheat. There was no significant difference in actual yields and theoretical yields between spring wheat and winter wheat. The stable yield of spring wheat can be achieved by increasing the amount of sowing, spikes number, maintaining stable LAI and DMA, which can provide technical support for the reform of wheat-summer maize planting system, and to achieve double machine grain harvest in wheat and summer maize.