苹果渣替代麦麸饲喂雏鸡效果试验

选用400只商品代尼克红母雏,随机分为4组,每组100只,设5个重复,每个重复20只。试验组日粮分别由基础日粮和用风干未发酵苹果渣粉、半干发酵苹果渣粉、膜发酵苹果渣粉分别替代基础日粮中59,6的麸皮。试期为6周。结果显示,添加半干发酵苹果渣粉组和膜发酵苹果渣粉组试鸡6周龄平均体重及日增重显著高于喂基础日粮的对照组和风干未发酵苹果渣粉组（P〈0．05）,喂基础日粮的对照组略高于风干未发酵苹果渣粉组,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。表明发酵苹果渣粉对雏鸡生长发育有显著的促进效果。     

苹果渣饲喂雏鸡试验效果

选择400只商品代尼克红母雏,随机分为4组,每组100只。设5个重复,每个重复20只。试验期为6周。试验日粮分别用5%的风干未发酵苹果渣粉、半干发酵苹果渣粉、膜发酵苹果渣粉替代基础日粮中5%的麸皮。结果显示,添加苹果渣粉的II、III、IV试验组雏鸡绒羽生长较快,新羽光顺,紧贴体表,发育较整齐,成活率较高。苹果渣可改善雏鸡对饲料的转化率。     

苹果渣代替麸皮饲喂肉鸭效果试验

选用60只樱桃谷鸭,随机分为4组,每组5只,设3个重复,每个重复5只,试验日粮分别用风干未发酵苹果渣粉(试验组II),半干发酵苹果渣粉(试验组III),膜发酵苹果渣粉(试验组IV)各5%替代基础日粮中5%的麸皮,试验期为6周,对照组(I)为基础日粮组,麸皮含量为5%。结果显示,6周龄平均体重及日增重II组略低于I组(P>0.05),III和IV组都显著高于I和II组(P<0.05);饲料转化率II、III、IV组高于I组,分别提高了1.4%,7.6%和19.36%。III、IV组高于II组,分别提高了6.12%和17.72%,其中,膜发酵处理的效果(试验组IV)较好。结果表明,膜发酵苹果渣对肉鸭生长发育有显著的促进效果。     

苹果渣饲喂雏鸡效果实验

选择400只商品代尼克红母雏,随机分为4组,每组100只,设5个重复,每个重复20只,试验期为6周,试验日粮分别用5%的风干未发酵苹果渣粉、半干发酵苹果渣粉、膜发酵苹果渣粉替代基础日粮中5%的麸皮,结果显示,添加苹果渣粉的(II)(.III)(.IV)3个试验组雏鸡绒羽换长较快,新羽光顺,紧贴体表,发育较整齐,实验结果说明,成活率较高,改善雏鸡对饲料的转化率,观察其饲喂效果,为其在养禽生产中推广应用提供参考。     

发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、被毛品质、血液抗氧化指标以及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、被毛品质、血液抗氧化指标以及血清生化指标的影响。选用45日龄健康生长獭兔96只(公、母各半),采用单因素试验设计,随机分成4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只獭兔。对照组饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别在基础日粮上添加10%、20%、30%发酵苹果渣。预试期5 d,正试期50 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加30%发酵苹果渣饲喂獭兔后,能够显著提高平均日增重并降低耗料增重比(P0.05);添加30%发酵苹果渣能够显著提高被毛重量和被毛面积(P0.05);添加20%苹果渣能够显著提高血液总抗氧化能力并降低丙二醛含量(P0.05);添加30%发酵苹果渣能够对血清中尿素和葡萄糖含量产生显著影响(P0.05)。综上可知,添加发酵苹果渣能提高獭兔生长性能和血液抗氧化能力,改善其被毛品质,在本试验条件下以添加30%的发酵苹果渣饲喂效果最佳。     

干苹果渣对断奶幼兔血清生化指标的影响

研究干苹果渣对断奶幼兔血清生化指标的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取平均体重为(0.49±0.63)kg的35日龄断奶健康幼兔64只,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复4只幼兔,公母各半,每个处理间断奶幼兔体重差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验设1个对照组和3个试验组,具体处理如下,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组用干苹果渣替代基础日粮中5%的苜蓿草粉,试验Ⅱ组用于苹果渣替代基础日粮中10%的苜蓿草粉,试验Ⅲ组用干苹果渣替代基础日粮中20%的苜蓿草粉.结果表明,在血清蛋白含量方面,随着干苹果渣用量的增加,血清总蛋白、白蛋白以及球蛋白呈现出降低的趋势,但各组间差异并不显著(P＞0.05).在血清尿素氮含量方面,血清尿素氮随着干苹果渣用量的增加而升高,但各组间差异并不显著(P＞0.05).在血清抗氧化指标方面,血清SOD、GSH-Px含量随着干苹果渣用量的增加而降低,试验组与对照组差异并不显著(P＞0.05);但血清MDA含量随着干苹果渣用量的增加而升高,并且试验Ⅲ组MDA含量显著高于对照组和另外2个试验组(P＜0.05),其余各组血清MDA含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).综上所述,添加10%干苹果渣最有利于断奶幼兔的生长.     

发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫指标的影响

为研究发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫指标的影响,选择45日龄健康生长獭兔96只(公母各半),采用单因素试验设计,随机分成4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只獭兔。分别饲喂基础日粮(CK)、10%发酵苹果渣(试验Ⅰ组)、20%发酵苹果渣(试验Ⅱ组)、30%发酵苹果渣(试验Ⅲ组)。预试期5 d,正式期50 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,添加30%发酵苹果渣饲喂獭兔后能够显著提高平均日增重和耗料增重比(P0.05);(2)30%发酵苹果渣组能够显著提高被毛重量、全净膛重、半净膛重和肉中蛋白质含量,分别提高14.3%、9.6%、8.9%和5.25%(P0.05);(3)与对照组相比,20%和30%发酵苹果渣组能够显著提高血液免疫指标Ig G含量(P0.05),分别提高7.94%和7.52%。综上,添加发酵苹果渣饲喂獭兔具有提高獭兔生产性能、屠宰性能,改善其肉品质和提高血液免疫的作用,在本试验条件下以添加30%的效果最佳。     

金银花在肉鸡饲料中的应用效果研究

采用对比试验,将60只7日龄哈巴特肉鸡随机分为2组（对照组和试验组）,每组10个重复,每个重复3只,饲养在不锈铜笼中。对照组和试验组分别饲基础喂日粮、添加0．3％金银花基础日粮,结果表明,试验期间试验组与对照组鸡的日采食量、日增重、饲料转化率、周末体重差异不显著（P〉0．05）。添加0．3％金银花在7—21日龄与21-42日龄时,肉鸡的日增重分别比对照组提高3．98％和1．33％;胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏脏器指数分别比对照组提高6．94％、4．93％、2．86％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）.     

杆菌肽锌和喹乙醇对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选用600只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,随机分成3组,每组2个重复。第1组基础日粮＋30×10－6杆菌肽锌,第2组基础日粮＋20×10－6喹乙醇,第3组喂基础日粮为对照组,试验期42天。结果表明,第1和第2组鸡全或平均日增重较第3组分别提高8．12％（P＜0．05）和6．49％（P＜0.05）,料肉比分别下降10．85％（P＜0．05）和9．43％（P＜0．05）,死亡率分别下降3.97个百分点（P＞O．05）和4.76个百分点（P＞0．05）。第1组与第2组相比各指标差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

有机铬对肉鸭生产性能屠宰指标和血中胆固醇含量的影响

选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为5个组(4个试验组和1个对照组),每组4个重复,每个重复30只肉仔鸭。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,A组为对照组,喂以基础日粮;B组、C组、D组和E组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0．2、0．4、0．6和0．8mg／kg 吡啶羧酸铬(以铬计),试验期42天。结果表明,试验组肉鸭的腹脂率极显著低于对照组(P<0．01),胸肌率极显著高于对照组 (P<0．01),血中胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0．05),而生产性能和屠宰率与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0．05)。     

Reduction of ammonia emission from growing pig rooms by feeding a lower protein diet supplemented with apple pomace

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing a reduced crude protein (CP) diet with apple pomace on the ammonia emissions from growing pig rooms. Four pigs (45 kg BW) each were assigned to one of two diets. Each group was housed in a separate room and fed a standard diet (CP 16.6%) or a low CP, amino acid‐supplemented diet (CP 9.1%) containing 23.1% of dried apple pomace for two 7‐day experimental periods. After the completion of the first period, the pigs were switched to the other diet. The daily ammonia emissions, measured for 3 days after a 4‐day adaptation period, were much lower for pigs fed the apple pomace‐supplemented diet than for pigs fed the standard diet (0.47 g/pig vs 7.30 g/pig, respectively). The daily nitrogen intake for the standard diet and the apple pomace‐supplemented diet was 58.1 and 35.5 g/pig, respectively. The pigs fed the apple pomace‐supplemented diet excreted more fecal nitrogen than pigs fed the standard diet (17.5 g/day vs 11.0 g/day, respectively), but urinary nitrogen excretion with the apple pomace‐supplemented diet was estimated to be 2.9 g/day, which was much lower than that for the standard diet (27.0 g/day). The addition of apple pomace to a reduced CP, amino acid‐supplemented diet reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and thereby ammonia emission.     

Reduction of urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry by feeding a low protein diet supplemented with apple pomace to growing pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a reduced crude protein (CP) diet with apple pomace on the urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry in the growing pigs. Four barrows (35 kg bodyweight) were assigned to one of two diets. Each pig was placed in a metabolism cage and fed a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet (CP 11.33%; low CP diet) or a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet containing 23.08% dried apple pomace (CP 9.47%; apple pomace diet) for two 14-day experimental periods. After the completion of the first period, the pigs were switched to the other diet. Urine and feces were quantitatively collected daily for 5 days after a 9-day adaptation period. The daily nitrogen intake for the low CP diet and the apple pomace diet was 17.76 g/pig and 18.64 g/pig, respectively. The pigs fed the apple pomace diet excreted more fecal nitrogen (6.86 g/day) than the pigs fed the low CP diet (3.63 g/day) ( P  < 0.001), but urinary nitrogen excretion with the apple pomace diet was 3.11 g/day, which was much lower than that for the low CP diet (5.95 g/day) ( P  < 0.001). The daily ammonia emission from the mixture of urine and feces determined by an in vitro method was much lower for pigs fed the apple pomace diet (120 mg) than that for pigs fed the low CP diet (603 mg) ( P  < 0.01). The addition of apple pomace to a reduced CP, amino acid-supplemented diet reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and thereby ammonia emission.     

益生菌发酵苹果渣对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和粪便微生物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌发酵苹果渣对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和粪便微生物菌群的影响。选择平均体重(5.87±0.10)kg断奶仔猪120头,随机分为5组(每组设3个重复,每个重复8头猪):负对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不含抗生素),正对照组在基础饲粮中添加0.1%的混合型抗生素,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加4%、6%、8%益生菌发酵苹果渣的试验饲粮。试验期35 d。结果表明:与负对照组相比,饲粮添加抗生素和6%益生菌发酵苹果渣均显著提高断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比、粪便中大肠杆菌数量和腹泻率(P0.05);添加抗生素和6%益生菌发酵苹果渣可以显著降低血清中尿素氮和总胆固醇的含量(P0.05),显著提高生长激素、胰岛素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺素含量(P0.05)。随着益生菌发酵苹果渣添加量的增加,生长性能、腹泻率、粪便大肠杆菌数量以及血清中尿素氮、总胆固醇和激素指标呈现二次变化趋势(P0.05),当添加量为6%时效果最好。与正对照组相比,添加益生菌发酵苹果渣能极显著增加粪便中菌群总数(P0.01),而对其他各项指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,添加6%益生菌发酵苹果渣能提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,调节肠道微生态平衡,降低粪便中大肠杆菌数量和腹泻率,提高血清中内分泌激素含量,降低尿素氮和胆固醇含量。     

饲粮中添加发酵苹果渣对肉羊生产性能和血清指标的影响研究

试验研究在肉羊上使用发酵苹果渣饲料的效果。对照组饲喂精料,试验组饲喂羊只的精料中分别添加5%、10%、15%、20%发酵苹果渣饲料。结果显示,试验组与对照组平均日增重及料重比差异显著(P<0.05),添加15%发酵苹果渣组肉羊日增重最显著;在日粮中添加发酵苹果渣能够显著的提高肉羊血清中胰岛素、生长素、T3和IL-6的含量;在日粮中添加15%发酵苹果渣可降低尿素氮含量、提高血液中葡萄糖含量。试验结果表明,在肉羊精料中加入15%发酵苹果渣饲料可明显提高平均日增重,降低了料重比,促进肉羊生长。     

非特异性卵黄抗体对雏鸡生长性能、免疫机能及微生物数量的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加非特异性卵黄抗体（IgY）对雏鸡生长性能、免疫机能及微生物数量的影响,为IgY作为饲料添加剂在畜禽饲料中的应用提供理论依据。选取同一批出雏、体重接近的1日龄罗曼褐公雏240只,随机分为2组（对照组和试验组）,每组6个重复,每个重复20只雏鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%非特异性IgY,试验期6周。每周末称重,在6周龄末从每个重复选取接近该重复平均体重的试验鸡2只屠宰,测定其消化器官的发育、相关免疫指标及肠道微生物数量。结果发现,与对照组相比,日粮中添加非特异性IgY显著提高了1和5周龄雏鸡体重（P < 0.05）;显著提高了雏鸡腺胃重、脾脏重、血清白细胞介素-2、空肠食糜分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）含量（P < 0.05）;显著提高了盲肠乳酸杆菌数量（P < 0.05）。以上结果表明,雏鸡日粮中添加非特异性IgY可以促进雏鸡的生长和消化器官发育,提高机体的免疫机能,促进肠道有益菌生长。     

红豆杉干粉对产蛋初期仙居鸡生产性能和生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的红豆杉干粉对产蛋初期仙居鸡的生产性能、血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响。选取400只140日龄仙居鸡,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加2%、3%和4%红豆杉干粉,预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:在试验初期(1～30 d),各试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)均低于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率低于对照组(P<0.05);在试验中期(31～60 d),各试验组ADFI、平均蛋重与对照组无显著差异, 4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率高于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的料蛋比低于对照组(P<0.05);在试验后期(61～90 d),3%红豆杉干粉组的平均日采食量高于对照组(P<0.05),3%红豆杉干粉组的平均蛋重低于对照组(P<0.05),4%红豆杉干粉组的产蛋率高于对照组(P<0.05);在试验46～90 d, 2%红豆杉干粉组平均日增重较对照组降低(P<0.05);各试验组血清总抗氧化能力高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加不同水平红豆杉干粉可以改善仙居鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力,建议产蛋期日粮中添加4%红豆杉干粉。     

Effects of Nonspecific IgY on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Microbiota Number of Chicks

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary nonspecific IgY on growth performance, immune function and microbiota number of chicks, to provide the theory basis for practical application as feed additive in livestock and poultry. 240 one-day-old Roman rooster hens with same batch of hatching and similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups (control group and experimental group), with 6 replicates in each group and 20 chicks in each replicate. Chicks in the control group were fed with a basal diet, and the others in the experimental group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% nonspecific IgY. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. At the age of 6 weeks, 2 chicks from each replicate were weighed and slaughtered, and the development of internal organs, immune index and microbiota number were determined. The results showed that:Comparing with the control group, the weight of chicks at the age of 1 and 5 weeks, the glandular stomach weight, spleen weight, serum IL-2 content, jejunal sIgA content and cecal Lactobacilli number in experimental group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of nonspecific IgY could enhance growth performance, digestive organ development, immune function, and intestinal bacteria number.     

不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响

为研究饲粮中添加不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响,选取体重［（50.81±1.53） kg］、胎次（第3胎）、产奶量［（2.15±0.05） kg·d^-1］、泌乳日期［（125.00±2.51） d］相近或一致的健康关中奶山羊50只,随机分成5组,每组10只羊,每只羊为1个重复。各组苹果渣添加比例分别为0（对照）、9%、18%、27%和36%。试验预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明：18%和27%组的产奶量和4%校正乳产量均极显著高于0（对照）、9%、36%组（P<0.01）;各组干物质采食量无显著性差异（P>0.05）;各组间乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率无显著性差异（P>0.05）;18%组粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于0（对照）、9%组（P<0.05）,18%组中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于0（对照）、27%和36%（P<0.05）;各组间血清总蛋白、血清葡萄糖、血清甘油三酯、血清尿素氮无显著性差异（P>0.05）;瘤胃液pH值随着苹果渣添加比例的增加而降低,9%、18%、27%、36%组的瘤胃液pH值均显著低于对照（P<0.05）。由此可见,饲粮中添加适量苹果渣可以提高关中奶山羊的产奶量,4%校正乳产量,粗蛋白与中性洗涤纤维表观消化率等指标,降低瘤胃液pH值,改善羊乳品质和血清生化指标,苹果渣作为一种新型饲料资源可以开发利用,且在本试验中,饲粮中苹果渣的添加水平为18%时效果最佳。     

复合胶原蛋白粉对肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3组,对照组,饲喂不含复合胶原蛋白粉的日粮,试验1用复合胶原蛋白粉替代日粮中一半豆粕,试验2用复合胶原蛋白粉替代日粮中全部豆粕。分析测定试验的生长发育指标屠宰指标及肉质指标结果,与对照组相比一半替代组,肉仔鸡末重、日增重、日采食量分别提高15.74%（P〈0.01）、2.59%（P〉0.05）、13.90%（P〈0.01）,全部替代组三指标有所降低,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;实验组屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均以一半替代组为最高;腹脂率以一半替代组为最低其它指标差异不显著;各试验组胸肌及腿肌差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;除全部替代组胸肌中蛋白含量比对照组相提高了4.24%（P〈0.05）除外,其它各指标在各组间均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。表明用复合胶原蛋白粉替代肉仔鸡日粮中一半豆粕可以提高科技转化率和生长性能。     

The effect of ragwort (Senecio jacobea) on the liver of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) : a histopathological and enzyme histochemical study.

1. Twenty-five 1-week-old male chicks were fed for 6 weeks on a standard diet incorporating 7% dried and ground ragwort (Senecio jacobea). The chicks received the standard diet for a further 6 weeks whilst a control group of 25 similar birds received the standard diet throughout. 2. Two birds from each group were killed at intervals of about 1 week and their livers were examined histologically and histochemically. 3. Ragwort feeding caused megalocytosis, focal necrosis, focal hyperplasia and portal fibrosis. There were no veno-occlusive changes. 4. As the lesion progressed there was an overall loss of enzyme activity especially in the areas of necrosis. The groups of small hyperplastic cells showed normal or increased activity and there was increased enzyme activity in the megalocytes. 5. The development of groups of proliferating cells may be a prelude to the neoplastic changes described in earlier reports of longer term studies of the effects of pyrolizidine alkaloids on the liver of chicks.