绿盲蝽对花期葎草的产卵选择性

前期研究发现,葎草进入盛花期后对绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum成虫吸引力明显增强,植株上绿盲蝽成虫种群密度快速上升。2011年和2016年,研究了绿盲蝽成虫对初花期与盛花期葎草的产卵选择性。结果发现:盛花期葎草植株上的绿盲蝽成虫密度和卵密度显著高于初花期。绿盲蝽卵主要集中产在花上,而幼芽、嫩茎和叶柄上落卵量较低。同时,在盛花期葎草上,绿盲蝽若虫种群密度以及高龄若虫比例显著偏高。本研究进一步证实了绿盲蝽成虫对盛花期葎草的产卵偏好习性。     

中黑苜蓿盲蝽成虫和卵在棉株上的时空分布

在田间笼罩内观察了中黑苜蓿盲蝽卵在2个Bt棉品种99B、鲁93 2和1个常规棉品种春矮早上的分布情况,以及成虫在99B棉株上的日节律。结果表明：棉花苗期和盛花期,成虫对产卵部位的选择与棉花品种无关,均趋向于棉株中上部较嫩的叶柄处产卵;在99B上,成虫主要集中在棉株的中上部活动,早晨和傍晚各有1次起飞高峰,但白天的活动性不强。因此,应在早晨或傍晚进行成虫的田间抽样调查或喷施农药,田间卵量调查则应集中在棉株中上部的叶柄处。     

中黑盲蝽对棉花的为害及损失研究

中黑盲蝽在棉花各生育期对叶、蕾、铃各器官的为害量或为害程度和田间盲蝽群体的密度呈正相关,而个体平均为害量则和群体密度呈负相关。若虫自然群体平均每头破叶4.71片,或可为害2.6—3.7个蕾,或1.93个铃,按成活个体计算则为害量可增加3—5倍。为害损失一般成虫期大于若虫期,蕾铃期大于真叶期。损失因素不在于叶片受害后形成的“破叶”,而是受害幼蕾幼铃超过正常的脱落所引起的减产和晚收。田间百株百头盲蝽群体,其为害损失,真叶期可达2.5—7.7％,蕾期6.2—18.8％;铃期9.1—15.1％以上;各生育期连续为害,产量损失为16.9％。     

新疆棉田牧草盲蝽的空间分布规律

为明确新疆棉田牧草盲蝽Lygus pratensis(Linnaeus)的空间分布型,于2012-2014年对新疆喀什地区棉田牧草盲蝽种群数量进行了系统调查,应用5种聚集度指数、Iwao m*-m回归方程和Taylor幂法则分析判定牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫及整个种群(成虫和若虫)在棉田的空间分布型,并利用种群聚集均数分析聚集原因。结果表明,牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫及整个种群的久野指数C_A0、负二项分布参数k0、丛生指数I0、聚块指数m*/~-1,表明三者在新疆棉田均呈聚集分布。且牧草盲蝽成虫和若虫的Blackith聚集均数λ2,说明二者在棉田的聚集是由环境因素引起的。Iwao m*-m回归分析结果表明,牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫和整个种群个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分为个体群(α0、β1);Taylor幂法则分析结果表明,牧草盲蝽成虫、若虫和整个种群在棉田更趋向于聚集分布,聚集度依赖于密度。     

扁桃棉花间作对棉田牧草盲蝽发生与为害的影响

为明确扁桃棉花间作对棉田牧草盲蝽Lygus pratensis(Linnaeus)发生及为害的影响,2014-2015年采用目测法对单作棉田、扁桃棉花间作(东西)田、扁桃棉花间作(南北)田3种类型棉田牧草盲蝽发生与为害情况进行了调查。结果显示:3种类型棉田牧草盲蝽种群动态趋势基本一致且无显著性差异,但均呈现显著的季节性变化;对3种类型棉田牧草盲蝽不同虫态百株累计虫量而言,单作棉田成虫、若虫和成若虫累计数量均显著高于2种间作类型的棉田,单作棉田百株棉花棉铃被害率亦显著高于2种间作类型棉田。对2种类型的间作棉田,扁桃棉花间作(东西)田牧草盲蝽各虫态的种群数量和棉铃被害率均低于扁桃棉花间作(南北)田,其中2015年各虫态的种群数量达到显著性差异。研究表明相较于单作棉田,扁桃棉花间作不利于棉田牧草盲蝽的发生与危害。     

“促花王3号”可防止棉铃虫泛滥成灾

棉株顶尖是棉铃虫等害虫集中为害的部位,人工打顶使棉铃虫卵残留,成虫、若虫为害棉花顶尖、嫩叶、幼蕾、幼铃等,可造成棉苗顶芽焦枯变黑,形成多头棉或枝叶丛生疯长,棉叶破碎,幼蕾、铃脱落。给棉花整枝打顶芽,又叫“摘心”,是棉花整枝工作中的中心环节,打顶方法是摘除棉株主茎顶尖一叶一心。     

棉花不同生育期棉盲蝽的为害损失及防治指标的研究

本项研究以绿盲蝽(Lygus Lucorum Mey Dur)及中黑盲蝽(Adelphocoris Suturalis Jak.)为对象。棉花从子叶、真叶、现蕾到结铃各个阶段都能遭受棉盲蝽的为害。由于盲蝽成、若虫以刺吸口器刺伤幼嫩器官和生长点,使部份器官受到直接损伤并影响到棉株正常生长,导致减产。两种盲蝽不同种群数量在真叶期和蕾铃期为害造成籽花产量的损失均呈抛物型曲线。绿盲蝽在真叶期和蕾期为害,其经济阈限按防治费用与产量损失金额相等时,分别为百株有虫4.7头和12.57头,中黑盲蝽在蕾期的经济阈限为百株10.77头。据此,提出在真叶期及蕾期的防治指标依次为百株5头及10～12头。     

利用四季豆饲养盲蝽的方法

四季豆是多种盲蝽的寄主植物,该研究旨在发展一个利用四季豆豆荚规模化饲养多种盲蝽的技术.研究结果表明:绿盲蝽与中黑盲蝽的若虫最佳饲养密度约为100头/盒(2L),成虫为60～80头/盒.绿盲蝽成虫喜好在切头豆荚的两端伤口处产卵,而中黑盲蝽喜欢在完整豆荚的两端产卵.养虫盒内添加一些弯曲的纸条有助于提高若虫存活率和成虫产卵量.产卵后的豆荚需晾干后放置在25～28℃、相对湿度60%～70%、光照16:8(L:D)的环境下,以减少豆荚腐烂和提高卵的孵化率.利用这一方法饲养盲蝽的若虫存活率、成虫产卵量和卵孵化率分别达60%、40粒和80%.     

牧草盲蝽在南疆的发生危害及其防治

牧草盲蝽在南疆一年发生4代 ,以6月中下旬～7月初第 2代若虫和成虫的危害对棉花产量威胁最大 ,常造成棉株中下部蕾铃大量脱落。防治该虫以农业防治和机械网捕法效果较好。     

中黑盲蝽在转Bt基因棉和常规棉上的实验种群生命表

为比较两个转Bt基因棉品种99B和鲁93-2与一个传统非转基因棉品种春矮早对中黑盲蝽的抗性差异,在室内25±1 ℃、85%±5%RH和自然光照条件下,测定各品种上中黑盲蝽的发育历期、存活率和产卵量,组建了特定年龄生命表,并在田间笼罩内测定成虫对各品种的产卵选择性.结果表明:在春矮早上,中黑盲蝽的卵期和若虫期最长,卵孵化率、1龄若虫存活率、羽化率及雌成虫的产卵量最低.中黑盲蝽在春矮早上的种群趋势指数4.35、净增殖率3.68和内禀增长率0.04,均比其它两个品种的相应参数低.棉花苗期和盛花期,春矮早上的成虫落居量和落卵量均显著低于99B和鲁93-2上的同期水平.表明非转基因棉春矮早对中黑盲蝽的不选择性和抗性均较99B和鲁93-2强.     

简化棉铃虫查卵方法的研究与应用

摘要:棉田棉铃虫的卵株率与卵密度间相关极显著,因而利用有卵株率取代卵密度来进行棉铃虫发生期的分析和确定防治指标,易于被接受和掌握。同时,简化棉铃虫的查卵方法,对于棉铃虫的测报调查和指导大面积的防治具有重要意义。     

Effects of plant feeding on the development,survival and reproduction of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Diets consisting of leaves of cotton and/or water were insufficient to promote the complete development and survival of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) to the adult stage. However, nymphs fed leaves lived longer than those provided with only water. Addition of Alabama argillacea (Huebner) larvae to the diet of P. nigrispinus added a substantial increment to the survival during the nymphal stage. The addition of cotton leaves to the diet of P. nigrispinus nymphs promoted an increase in the weight of newly eclosed adults, independent of predator sex. In addition, diets supplemented with cotton leaves promoted an increase in the duration of the oviposition period, the number of egg clutches per female, and the number of eggs per female. No effects were noted on either the duration of the pre-oviposition period, the number of eggs of the first clutch, the number of eggs per clutch, the interval between egg clutches, or sex ratio. Feeding on plant material by P. nigrispinus is a potentially positive attribute in biological control against cotton leafworm.     

扁秆荆三棱种群密度对棉花形态指标､产量和品质的影响

为明确扁秆荆三棱不同种群密度对棉花形态指标?产量和品质的影响?本试验将扁秆荆三棱种群密度设为0?20?40?60?80?100株/m 26个梯度, 在棉花整个生长期每10 d测一次株高?茎粗和主茎节数, 采收期测棉花单株结铃数?单铃重?产量和纤维品质?扁秆荆三棱对棉花株高?茎粗和主茎节数影响随扁秆荆三棱种群密度的增大而增加?扁秆荆三棱种群密度为80株/m 2时对棉花第6节果枝以上结铃数和单铃重影响最大, 结铃数和单铃重相对于对照分别减少了2.86个和1.82 g?棉花的产量随扁秆荆三棱种群密度的增加而降低, 其中扁秆荆三棱种群密度为20株/m 2时影响不大?对棉花纤维品质的影响主要表现在对棉纤维马克隆值的影响和成熟度的影响?扁秆荆三棱种群密度能显著影响棉花株高?茎粗和主茎节数, 进而对棉花产量产生极大影响?扁秆荆三棱种群密度为20株/m 2时对棉花产量和品质影响不大, 因此应将扁秆荆三棱种群密度控制在20株/m 2以下?     

Plant stalks as oviposition traps for Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) under field conditions

Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important pest on cotton, fruit trees, tea and many other crops in China. Its small eggs are often laid inside plant tissues, making them difficult to detect and survey. In this study, the stalks of 20 plant species were assessed for use as oviposition traps for A. lucorum under field conditions in 2013, 2014 and 2017. During 2013–2014, A. lucorum adults laid eggs in the stalks of all plant species tested. When honey was added to bundles of stalks, the numbers of A. lucorum eggs laid in the stalks increased 1.79- to 44.00-fold compared with the stalks of the same plants without honey added. In general, the plant stalks of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. and scandent hop Humulus scandens (Lour) Merr. attracted a great number of eggs among all plant species tested. In 2017, a positive correlation was found between the number of A. lucorum eggs laid in cotton plant stalks and A. lucorum adults in the corresponding field plots. Oviposition traps using cotton plant stalks provide a simple and practical method for monitoring the egg-laying dynamics of A. lucorum under field conditions.     

Effects of two different neem products on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

In this study, the effects of two different commercial neem insecticides (NeemAzal T/S and Neem Oil) were determined on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) under laboratory conditions. Neem Azal and Neem Oil were applied at concentrations of 0.5 % and 2 %, respectively. Mortality was recorded after 3, 7 and 14 days for nymphs and adults; 7 and 14 days for old (4-day-old) eggs; and 14 days for newly laid (one-day-old) eggs. Both products have no significant effect on adults and newly laid eggs. However Neem Oil was found to be more effective than NeemAzal T/S on nymphs and on old laid eggs after 7 and 14 days. It can be concluded that both neem products have potential for insecticidal efficacy (approximately 60 %) against nymphs of N. viridula. at concentrations recommended by manufacturers for registered pests.     

Effects of two different neem products on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

In this study, the effects of two different commercial neem insecticides (NeemAzal T/S and Neem Oil) were determined on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) under laboratory conditions. Neem Azal and Neem Oil were applied at concentrations of 0.5 % and 2 %, respectively. Mortality was recorded after 3, 7 and 14 days for nymphs and adults; 7 and 14 days for old (4-day-old) eggs; and 14 days for newly laid (one-day-old) eggs. Both products have no significant effect on adults and newly laid eggs. However Neem Oil was found to be more effective than NeemAzal T/S on nymphs and on old laid eggs after 7 and 14 days. It can be concluded that both neem products have potential for insecticidal efficacy (approximately 60 %) against nymphs of N. viridula. at concentrations recommended by manufacturers for registered pests.     

烟粉虱成虫对不同寄主植物的选择性

选用棉花、烟草、番茄、甘蓝进行非选择性和选择性试验研究 ,探讨烟粉虱成虫对 4种寄主植物的嗜食性。结果表明 ,在 4种寄主作物共同存在时 ,烟粉虱成虫喜欢取食烟草 ,排列顺序为 :烟草 >番茄 >棉花、甘蓝 ;产卵量排列顺序为 :烟草、番茄 >甘蓝、棉花。当只有番茄和烟草两种寄主植物时 ,烟粉虱成虫趋向于取食烟草 ,但在番茄上产卵 ;只有烟草和甘蓝时 ,烟粉虱倾向于取食烟草并产卵 ;只有棉花和番茄时 ,烟粉虱对两种寄主没有明显的趋向 ;只有棉花和烟草时 ,烟粉虱显著的喜好在烟草上产卵 ;只有棉花和甘蓝时 ,烟粉虱趋向在棉花上取食产卵 ,但没有达到显著水平 ;同样只有番茄和甘蓝时 ,烟粉虱喜好在番茄上取食产卵 ,但没有达到显著水平。     

番茄青枯病病原菌拮抗菌株的筛选及其田间防控作用研究

从番茄青枯病发病严重田块的健康植株根际土壤中分离筛选得到2株高效拮抗菌株,命名为W12和W118,经16SrDNA基因鉴定均属芽胞杆菌属;用PCR扩增的方法扩增脂肽类抗生素合成基因,结果表明W12和W118含有合成bacillomycin、iturin和fengycin三种抗生素的基因;将2株拮抗菌用于田间试验,结果表明混合菌株防控效果最好,3次灌菌后防控效果达到62.3%,单独施用菌株W118较单独施用W12防控效果好,3次灌菌后防控效果达到56.7%。