三峡库区不同植被覆盖坡地的土壤优先流运动特征研究

研究土壤优先流运动特征与植被覆盖、坡位及土壤结构的关系,既能丰富山坡水文学的研究内容,还能进一步揭示森林涵养水源、保持水土的机制。以三峡库首大老岭林区常绿林、林灌混合落叶林和弃耕草地覆盖的坡地为研究对象,运用染色示踪和图像处理的方法,定量分析了3种植被覆盖的坡面上、下坡位的优先流染色特征,阐明了植被覆盖和坡位对土壤优先流运动和坡面水分入渗特征的影响。结果表明：（1）各样地染色面积比（SAR）和染色路径数（SPN）均呈现浅层高、深层低的特征。不同植被覆盖下,0~60 cm土层的SAR表现为落叶林坡地（44.2%）>弃耕坡地（36.1%）>常绿林坡地（35.3%）,SPN表现为落叶林坡地（43条）>常绿林坡地（19条）>弃耕坡地（15条）。不同坡位下,0~60 cm土层的SAR表现为上坡（41.5%）>下坡（35.6%）,SPN表现为上坡（23条）<下坡（28条）。落叶林坡地土壤染色深度最大,60~110 cm深度土层仍有很多狭长的水流路径延伸,而其他样地较少出现;（2）各样地的染色路径宽度（SPW）以1~10 cm和>10 cm为主,二者之和占剖面总染色面积的84.2%。除弃耕地坡上位点缺少均质流与非均质指流外,其他样点0~30 cm土层以均质流和非均质指流为主,30 cm以下为不同类型大孔隙流的混合分布;（3）弃耕坡地的侧向流最为明显,染色剂延伸到染液喷洒区外50 cm处,常绿林地和落叶林地仅延伸至10~20 cm。植被覆盖类型与坡位的耦合作用影响了土壤理化性质,从而影响优先流路径的形成与水分的入渗过程。常绿林与落叶林的水源涵养能力强于弃耕坡地,耕作形成的犁底层限制了弃耕坡地的水分垂直入渗,增加了侧向入渗与地表径流的风险,需要通过破除犁底层或种植根系发达的乔灌木以增加降雨蓄存能力。     

紫色土丘陵区坡面土壤有机碳含量及储量分布特征

为探明坡耕地土壤有机碳空间分布特征,对紫色土丘陵区坡耕地不同部位土壤有机碳及活性有机碳顺坡和深度分布进行分析。结果表明:坡耕地上坡土层深度仅为22.3cm,中坡和下坡土层深度约为上坡的2.09倍和3.30倍;与上坡比较,中坡和下坡土壤容重下降了0.2和0.04,土壤孔隙度增加了19.82%与3.83%。沿坡从上向下土壤有机碳及活性有机碳储量显著增加,下坡土壤有机碳及活性有机碳储量比上坡和中坡分别增加了674.74%,104.09%和958.51%,267.75%;不同部位土壤有机碳及活性有机碳含量随土层深度增加呈降低趋势,中坡和下坡土壤有机碳及活性有机碳含量的深度分布满足Y=alnX+b对数方程,上坡不符合该方程。坡耕地土壤有机碳与其活性有机碳含量呈极显著正相关。土壤沿坡耕地重新分配影响有机碳空间分布格局。     

耕作引起的紫色土母岩破碎运动定量分析

紫色土区存在耕作破碎母岩补充土壤的现象,尤其是在土层浅薄且岩性松软的泥页岩区,然而目前鲜有相关方面报道。为定量评估不同自然条件和耕作方式下母岩破碎运动特征,以裸露泥岩为研究对象,在野外模拟耕作试验中使用物理示踪法追踪2种含水率(7.44%和14.77%)和5个坡度(5°、10°、15°、20°、25°)条件下,不同深度(2、4、6 cm)耕作引起的母岩破碎运动情况。结果表明:1)含水率是影响母岩破碎运动的重要因素,且耕作深度越小其影响越大;2)随着耕作深度的增大,岩屑的平均位移呈逐渐减小的变化趋势,2 cm深度耕作引起的岩屑位移最大;3)岩屑位移随着深度的增加快速减小,且岩石含水率高的坡面减小幅度更大;4)母岩含水率较高(14.77%)时,坡度对坡面岩屑运动没有显著影响(P>0.1),但母岩含水率较低(7.44%)时,坡度与坡面岩屑位移存在显著正相关关系(P<0.1)。可见,耕作破碎母岩过程受到岩石含水率、耕作深度和坡度的共同影响,且各因子在不同深度的作用机制不同。该研究为揭示母岩人为风化成土和侵蚀机制初步提供了技术支撑和依据。     

衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地土壤水分变化动态研究

2007年对衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地0-50 cm土壤进行研究.结果表明:(1)在同一水平空间位置上,土壤平均含水量总的变化趋势是阴坡>阳坡.而土壤水分变异系数则呈现出相反的变化规律;(2)在同一垂直空间位置上,阴坡与阳坡不同坡位的土壤含水量的变化规律均为:下坡>中坡>上坡.阳坡的土壤水分变异系数的大小顺序是:阳坡上坡>阳坡中坡>阳坡下坡;而阴坡则呈现出相反的变化趋势;(3)土壤含水量的消长与同期的降雨量有关,1-6月为雨季水分补偿期,7-12月属于旱季水分亏缺期;(4)在同一水平空间,不同坡向土壤含水量剖面变化明显.随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量增加.从土壤水分的变异系数来看,阳坡土壤水分的变异系数随土壤的加深而变大,阴坡土壤水分的变异系数随土壤深度的加深而变小,土壤水分的最稳定层均出现在10-30 cm处.     

土壤侵蚀因素对紫色丘陵区坡耕地耕层质量影响

土壤侵蚀是导致坡耕地耕层土壤质量退化和土壤生产力不稳定的关键因素。该文以紫色丘陵区坡耕地为例,对坡耕地不同地力等级耕层土壤质量、渗透性能及耕层类型进行聚类分析,讨论了土壤侵蚀对坡耕地耕层厚度影响及合理耕层土体构型。结果表明:(1)紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤质量具有中等程度变异性,有效土层厚度(15~80 cm)和耕层厚度(15~25 cm)变异系数分别为12.18%和37.26%,土壤有效磷变异系数可达94.51%,说明土壤物理指标变异性小于化学指标变化;三级以下地力耕层构型为近似全虚或全实剖面结构,五等地力坡耕地产量下降50%左右。(2)紫色土坡耕地不同坡位、不同垂直深度的耕层土壤物理性质、持水性能及耕作性能差异显著(P0.05),土壤容重为上坡下坡中坡,土壤抗剪强度为上坡中坡下坡,土壤稳定入渗为下坡中坡上坡,土壤贯入阻力表现为中坡上坡下坡;除土壤入渗外,土壤容重、抗剪强度、贯入阻力均表现为底土层心土层耕层;坡耕地0~40 cm土层中蓄存降水可被农作物利用70%左右。(3)中度侵蚀程度坡耕地,年均耕层厚度薄化值为1.04~3.04 mm,坡耕地合理耕层建立可选择有效土层厚度、耕层厚度、土壤容重、土壤抗剪强度、土壤有机质、土壤渗透性为坡耕地合理耕层评价最小数据集,耕层构型总体保持上虚下实型、耕层厚度20~25 cm、有效土层厚度50~60 cm。(4)紫色土坡耕地可分为四种耕层类型,其障碍耕层主要表现为有效土层厚度限制型(第II类)、耕层厚度限制型(第III类)和土壤养分限制型(第IV类),分别占耕层总量30%、10%、3%;紫色土坡耕地合理耕层建立应重点关注有效土层厚度和耕层厚度调控。研究结果可为客观认识土壤侵蚀与紫色土坡耕地耕层退化关系、合理耕层构建提供理论依据和技术参数支持。     

等高犁耕朝向对紫色土坡面土壤再分布的影响

选择一块坡长15 m、坡度14.16%的坡地,采用磁性示踪法分析等高向下犁耕（向下坡方向翻垈）和等高向上犁耕（向上坡方向翻垈）的土壤再分布特征,利用模拟耕作（15次）检验两种等高犁耕的长期作用下对土壤剖面和微地貌演化的影响。结果表明:等高向下犁耕导致土壤发生向下坡移动,土壤位移量为15.62～28.70 kg/m,坡度对其影响不显著（p=0.93）;等高向上犁耕导致土壤同时发生向下坡和向上坡移动,土壤净位移量为-10.91～8.23 kg/m,坡度对其有显著影响（p < 0.001）,土壤净位移方向随着坡度的增大由向上坡转为向下坡,本研究条件下临界坡度为14%;等高向下犁耕15次后坡顶侵蚀深度是原土层深度的132%,耕作后土层深度与耕作深度相当,表明等高向下犁耕加速土壤侵蚀和促进母岩成土的双重作用共同维持着坡顶土层深度的稳定;等高向上犁耕15次后坡顶土层深度增加了12.7%,表明等高向上犁耕具有保护坡顶土层深度的作用。等高向上犁耕是一种防治类似紫色土的薄层土壤耕作侵蚀和土壤退化的有效措施。     

耕作侵蚀对坡耕地土壤水稳定性团聚体和水分特征的影响

通过模拟顺坡耕作(短期连续耕作45次)的方法研究模拟长期耕作对不同景观位置水稳定性团聚体和水分特征曲线分布等特征的影响。研究结果表明:与对照地相比(等高耕作1次),模拟顺坡耕作样地(试验地)通过连续耕作45次后导致上坡和下坡土壤剖面深度发生显著变化(P0.05),在上坡减小55.16%,然而下坡土壤剖面深度增加了40.62%;在中坡部位没有发生显著变化(P0.05)。与对照地相比,试验地平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)在上坡部位分别减少29.61%和35.63%,在下坡,MWD和GMD值分别显著增加78.23%和93.48%,然而在中坡,试验地MWD和GMD值仅分别增加13.51%和12.28%。试验地土壤水贮量在上坡部位比对照地降低了49.38%。对照地与试验地水分特征曲线分布显著变化主要发生在上坡和下坡部位。比较对照地,试验地在上坡的低吸力段(0~330kPa)土壤持水能力明显降低,而下坡的高吸力段(330~15 000kPa)土壤持水能力显著增大。这些变化主要是由于耕作侵蚀导致不同景观位置土壤再分布而产生的土壤空间变异性。     

应用15N示踪技术研究耕作方式对甘蔗氮肥吸收利用的影响

为探讨甘蔗适宜的机械耕作方式,以甘蔗品种桂糖42号为材料,采用田间微区¹⁵N示踪技术,研究深松45 cm+旋耕25 cm(T1)、深翻40 cm+圆盘耙碎土25 cm(T2)和旋耕25cm(T3)3种耕作方式对氮肥利用效率及去向的影响。结果表明,3种耕作方式下新植蔗吸收的N有43.40%~46.45%来自当季施用的氮肥,氮肥利用率、残留率和损失率范围分别为14.39%~18.43%、50.70%~55.49%和26.08%~34.91%;宿根蔗吸收的N来自上季施用氮肥的比率为13.27%~14.78%,上季氮肥在宿根季的利用率、残留率和损失率范围分别为7.79%~10.35%、31.41%~34.12%和11.02%~11.50%;两季甘蔗收获后,氮肥残留均随土层深度的增加而明显递减,但T3在0~20 cm土层残留较多,其他耕作方式在20~60 cm土层残留较多。两季甘蔗干物质积累量、肥料氮来源比率、氮肥利用率及氮肥残留率以T1最高,T2次之,T3最低,T1与T3间差异达显著水平;两季甘蔗氮肥损失率以T3最高,T2次之,T1最低,其中在新植蔗3个处理间的差异达显著水平。综上,在红壤旱地,深松深翻能促进甘蔗对氮肥的吸收,减少氮肥损失,增加甘蔗产量,其中深松45 cm+旋耕25 cm(T1)的耕作方式效果较好。本研究结果可为红壤蔗地合理耕作提供科学依据。     

耕作模式对坡耕地土壤水分和大豆产量的影响

为了探讨北方土石低山地区不同耕作模式对坡耕地的土壤水分特征及其对作物产量的影响,以10°坡耕地大豆田为研究对象,监测了传统耕作(CT)、免耕(ZT)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NT)和横垄(CR)4种不同处理下0～100cm土壤水分垂直变化和水平变化,测定了大豆产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:1)在大豆不同生育期中,各处理在0～40cm土壤水分含量均表现为:NTZTCRCT,当土层深度大于40 cm时,各处理间土壤水分含量的大小关系发生波动变化,其中ZT和NT能明显改善0～50cm土层土壤水分含量,较CT处理保墒效果提高25.34%～35.57%。2)CT和ZT处理坡位间土壤水分含量的大小关系,受大豆生育期内总降雨量的影响较小,分别表现为:下坡位中坡位上坡位和下坡位≈中坡位上坡位,而NT和CR处理坡位间土壤水分含量的大小关系,会随着大豆生育期内降雨总量的不同而产生微变。3)各处理剖面土壤水分空间分布格局均表现出下湿上干的特点,CT和CR湿润土层(体积含水率≥11.6%)分别位于坡底40～100 cm和坡顶40～100 cm处,而干燥土层(体积含水率≤8.6%)则分别位于坡顶10～30 cm和坡底10～20 cm处。ZT湿润土层(体积含水率≥12%)分布集中性较差,NT湿润土层分布集中性最好,且范围最大,占据了整个坡面40～100cm深度范围。4)所考虑的3个因素对土壤水分含量影响作用的大小表现为:耕作模式剖面深度坡位。5)在2a试验中,与CT相比CR、ZT和NT处理产量分别平均增加8.77%、15.68%和26.74%,水分利用效率分别平均提高6.32%、11.6%和20.61%,因此建议在研究区种植大豆时,优先采用NT耕作模式。     

复种模式对豫西褐土团聚体稳定性及其碳、氮分布的影响

  【目的】  长期单一的玉米–小麦复种模式会引起土壤结构破坏、农田生产力下降。探究不同复种模式对农田土壤团聚体稳定性及其碳、氮分布的影响,为维持土壤结构稳定,实现农业可持续发展提供科学依据。  【方法】  定位试验在河南洛阳褐土上进行。设置冬小麦–夏玉米 (T1)、冬小麦–夏花生 (T2)、冬小麦–夏玉米||花生间作 (2行玉米间作4行花生,T3) 3个复种模式处理。试验始于2014年6月,2019年10月夏季作物收获后 (共11茬作物),采集0—20和20—40 cm土层土壤样品,利用湿筛法和干筛法分析土壤团聚体组成、团聚体稳定性、有机碳和全氮在不同粒级团聚体中的含量及分配比例。  【结果】  与T1相比,在0—20 cm土层中,T2和T3处理土壤中 > 0.25 mm粒级的机械性团聚体 (DR_0.25) 占比分别增加了5.9%和9.9%,> 0.25 mm粒级的水稳性团聚体 (WR_0.25) 占比分别增加了50.3%和57.9%,不稳定性团粒指数 (E_LT) 分别较T1减少了33.2%和50.6%,土壤团聚体破坏率 (PAD) 分别较T1减少49.3%和51.4%,土壤团聚体平均质量直径 (MWD) 分别较T1增加36.4%和47.0%,几何平均直径 (GMD) 分别较T1增加100.0%和120.0%。在20—40 cm土层中,T2和T3处理土壤中不稳定性团粒指数 (E_LT) 分别较T1减少了13.2%和18.0%,土壤团聚体破坏率 (PAD) 分别较T1减少21.4%和28.8%,土壤团聚体平均质量直径 (MWD) 分别较T1增加4.8%和6.0%,几何平均直径 (GMD) 分别较T1增加11.5%和7.7%。各粒级的有机碳和全氮含量均以2～0.25 mm粒级最高,且0—20 cm土层的有机碳和全氮含量高于20—40 cm土层。与T1处理相比,T3处理显著提高了0—20 cm土层各粒级土壤全氮的贡献率和 > 0.25 mm粒级土壤有机碳的贡献率,降低了 < 0.25 mm粒级土壤有机碳的贡献率;T2处理显著提高了0—20 cm土层除 >2和<0.053 mm粒级外的土壤全氮的贡献率和 > 0.25 mm粒级土壤有机碳的贡献率,降低了0.25～0.053 mm粒级土壤有机碳的贡献率。与T1处理相比,T2和T3处理提升了0—20和20—40 cm土层土壤总有机碳、全氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量,3个处理的土壤容重和pH无显著差异。  【结论】  冬小麦–夏花生、冬小麦–夏玉米||花生复种模式较传统冬小麦–夏玉米复种模式明显增加了土壤大团聚体含量,增强了团聚体的机械稳定性和水稳定性,还可显著提高土壤团聚体 (特别是 > 0.25 mm粒级团聚体) 的碳、氮含量,提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,更有利于豫西褐土区农田土壤肥力保持。且冬小麦–夏玉米||花生复种的效果优于冬小麦–夏花生复种。     

Effect of tillage treatments upon soil tests for soil acidity,soil phosphorus and soil potassium at three soil depths

Abstract

Soil samples were obtained at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 0–9 inch depths from experimental plots receiving five tillage treatments. Each of two samplers composited approximately six one‐inch cores from each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for acidity, P and K using routine analysis procedures in the University of Illinois Soil Testing Laboratory.

Few significant differences were attributed to sampler and it was concluded that samplers using similar sampling techniques were obtaining soil samples from the same population.

No significant differences in soil acidity at different depths were observed. The different tillage methods did significantly affect soil P at the 0–3 inch depth, but had no significant effect on soil P at deeper depths. Different tillage methods also significantly affected soil K values at different depths.     

土壤含水率与土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响

土壤含水率和土壤碱度是表征土壤物理化学性质的两个重要参数。通过室内三轴不固结不排水试验，研究了土壤含水率和土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响。试验处理采用5种土壤碱度(土壤可交换钠百分比ESP=0、5、10、20、40)和4种土壤质量含水率(0.05、0.10、0.20以及饱和含水率0.34)水平。试验结果显示，土壤黏聚力随着土壤含水率的增加基本上呈先增大后减小之趋势；当土壤含水率在0.10附近时黏聚力达到其最大值。土壤内摩擦角随着土壤含水率的增加而线性减小。土壤碱度对土壤黏聚力的影响机理较为复杂，其影响效果随土壤含水率的增加而减小；但土壤碱度对土壤内摩擦角的影响较小。土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响程度明显地小于土壤含水率对其的影响程度。     

Relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture

Microbial activity is affected by changes in the availability of soil moisture. We examined the relationship between microbial activity and water potential in a silt loam soil during four successive drying and rewetting cycles. Microbial activity was inferred from the rate of CO₂ accumulating in a sealed flask containing the soil sample and the CO₂ respired was measured using gas chromatography. Thermocouple hygrometry was used to monitor the water potential by burying a thermocouple in the soil sample in the flask. Initial treatment by drying on pressure plates brought samples of the test soil to six different water potentials in the range -0.005 to -1.5MPa. Water potential and soil respiration were simultaneously measured while these six soil samples slowly dried by evaporation and were remoistened four times. The results were consistent with a log-linear relationship between water potential and microbial activity as long as activity was not limited by substrate availability. This relationship appeared to hold for the range of water potentials from ?0.01 to ?8.5 MPa. Even at ?0.01 MPa (wet soil) a decrease in water potential from ?0.01 to ?0.02 MPa caused a 10% decrease in microbial activity. Rewetting the soil caused a large and rapid increase in the respiration rate. There was up to a 40-fold increase in microbial activity for a short period when the change in water potential following rewetting was greater than 5 MPa. Differences in microbial activity between the wetter and drier soil treatments following rewetting to the original water potentials are discussed in terms of the availability of energy substrate.     

Volumetric soil measures for routine soil testing

Abstract

The design, dimensiors and materials for constructing volumetric soil measures for routine soil testing use are presented. Scoop calibration techniques are also described. Reproducibility of results obtained under routine laboratory, conditions are shown. The measures include volumes of 1.0‐, 2.5‐, 5.0‐ and 10‐ cm³ respectively.     

Usability of soil survey soil texture data for soil health indicator scoring

Soil textural information is an important component underlying other soil health indicators. Soil texture analysis is a common procedure, but it can be labor intensive and expensive. Soil texture data typically are available from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, which may be an option for determining soil health texture groups (SHTG). The SSURGO database provides soil texture information in the soil map unit (SMU) name, taxonomic class category (family), and detailed values (≤ 2 mm soil fraction) of percent sand, silt and clay by soil horizon. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using SSURGO data for SHTG at the 147-ha Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in New York state as an alternative for soil texture data determined manually on collected soil core samples. Comparative results revealed that representative values for soil texture from the SSURGO database generally matched measured mean values for all SMUs.     

A soil core for routine soil sampling

Abstract

The design, materials and dimensions for constructing a coring device for sampling soil fauna and flora at different depths is described.     

Why soil erosion models over-predict small soil losses and under-predict large soil losses

Evaluation of various soil erosion models with large data sets have consistently shown that these models tend to over-predict soil erosion for small measured values, and under-predict soil erosion for larger measured values. This trend appears to be consistent regardless of whether the soil erosion value of interest is for individual storms, annual totals, or average annual soil losses, and regardless of whether the model is empirical or physically based. The hypothesis presented herein is that this phenomenon is not necessarily associated with bias in model predictions as a function of treatment, but rather with limitations in representing the random component of the measured data within treatments (i.e., between replicates) with a deterministic model. A simple example is presented, showing how even a `perfect' deterministic soil erosion model exhibits bias relative to small and large measured erosion rates. The concept is further tested and verified on a set of 3007 measured soil erosion data pairs from storms on natural rainfall and run-off plots using the best possible, unbiased, real-world model, i.e., the physical model represented by replicated plots. The results of this study indicate that the commonly observed bias, in erosion prediction models relative to over-prediction of small and under-prediction of large measured erosion rates on individual data points, is normal and expected if the model is accurately predicting erosion rates as a function of environmental conditions, i.e., treatments.     

Relationships between soil respiration and soil moisture

The interaction of soil microbes with their physical environment affects their abilities to respire, grow and divide. One of these environmental factors is the amount of moisture in the soil. The work we published almost 25 years ago showed that microbial respiration was linearly related to soil-water content and log-linearly related to water potential. The paper arose out of collaboration between two young researchers from different areas of soil science, physics and microbiology. The project was driven by not only our curiosity but also the freedom to operate without the constraints common to the current system of science management. The citation history shows three peaks, 1989, 1999 and from 2002 to the present day. Interestingly, the annual citation rate is as high as it has ever been. The initial peak is due to the application of the work to studies on microbial processes. The second peak is associated with the rise of simulation modelling and the third with the relevance of the findings to climate change research. In this article, our paper is re-evaluated in the light of subsequent studies that allow the principle of separation of variables to be tested. This re-evaluation lends further credence to the linear relationship proposed between soil respiration and water content. A scaled relationship for respiration and water content is presented. Lastly, further research is suggested and more recent work on the physics of gas transport discussed briefly.     

Tillage effects on soil degradation, soil resilience, soil quality, and sustainability

Soil degradation, decrease in soil's actual and potential productivity owing to land misuse, is a major threat to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. The problem is particularly severe in the tropics and sub-tropics as a result of high demographic pressure, shortage of prime agricultural land, harsh environments, and resource poor farmers who presumably cannot afford science based recommended inputs. Tillage methods and soil surface management affect sustainable use of soil resources through their influence on soil stability, soil resilience, and soil quality. Soil stability refers to the susceptibility of soil to change under natural or anthropogenic perturbations. In comparison, soil resilience refers to soil's ability to restore its life support processes after being stressed. The term soil quality refers to the soil's capacity to perform its three principal functions e.g. economic productivity, environment regulation, and aesthetic and cultural values. There is a need to develop precise objective and quantitative indices of assessing these attributes of the soil. These indices can only be developed from the data obtained from well designed and properly implemented long-term soil management experiments conducted on major soils in principal ecoregions.     

黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响及其评价

为了研究黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响,采用盆栽试验,人为剥离黑土表层0、5、10、15、20、25和30 cm土壤以模拟侵蚀厚度不同的耕层土壤,分析土壤侵蚀厚度对土壤理化性质、大豆生物性状和水分利用效率等指标的影响。并对TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)模型进行改进,用于评价侵蚀厚度不同的土壤的土地生产力。结果表明:土壤全N、碱解N、全P、速效P、有机质含量和土壤田间持水率均随侵蚀厚度的增加而递减,土壤容重随侵蚀厚度的增加而递增。土壤侵蚀厚度对大豆生长有显著影响,随着侵蚀厚度的增加,大豆减产率呈"S型"曲线递增,产量、耗水量呈"Z型"曲线递减,水分利用效率呈指数曲线关系递减。改进的TOPSIS模型对不同侵蚀厚度下土地生产力的评价结果较为理想,计算的土地生产力指数随土壤侵蚀厚度的变化呈"Z型"曲线,与大豆产量的变化趋势相同,且二者呈指数函数关系,决定系数达0.996,均方根误差为0.65。研究结果可为黑土区土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。