怎样适时防治小麦吸浆虫

1.解析小麦吸浆虫发生的特点及规律小麦吸浆虫分红吸浆虫和黄吸浆虫两种。麦红吸浆虫,成虫体长2-2.5毫米,展翅约5毫米,桔红色,幼虫体长约2-3毫米,蛆状,橙黄色;麦黄吸浆虫,成虫为姜黄色,体形与红吸浆虫相仿。危害特点。小麦吸浆虫是一种毁灭性害虫。以幼虫吮吸麦粒浆汁,造成瘪粒而减产,一般损失10%~20%,严重的减产40%~80%,甚至绝     

气候变化与桐柏小麦病虫害

随着全球的气候变暖,加重了桐柏县小麦病虫害的发生。冬天气温偏高,致使小麦病菌丝、孢子及麦蜘蛛、麦蚜虫等害虫大量越冬;夏季气温偏低,使小麦害虫高速繁殖、高密度存活;秋暖延长了害虫的活动期;春末阴雨增多有利于病虫发生。因此,应适当推迟小麦播期,采用药剂拌种,春季推广"一喷三防",并且坚持防病治虫综合治理。     

桑橙瘿蚊防治及预测预报研究进展

桑橙瘿蚊属双翅目、长角亚目、瘿蚊科,为害桑的瘿蚊科害虫除桑橙瘿蚊（Diplosis mori Yokoyama）外,还有桑吸浆虫（Contarinia sp．）桑根瘿蚊（Diplosis fasciata Niwa）,叶瘿蚊（Diplosis morivorella Naito）、椹瘿蚊（Contarina morulae Jiang）、桑枝斑瘿蚊（Trishomomyia maculaata Sasaki）、山东桑瘿蚊（Giardomyia sp．）、浙江桑瘿蚊（Epimyia sp．）等,以桑橙瘿蚊发生最严重,桑吸浆虫次之,     

攀西地区桑瘿蚊发生特点观察

桑瘿蚊(Contarinia sp.)又名桑吸浆虫,属双翅目,瘿蚊科,已上升为攀西地区桑树的主要害虫之一,在安宁河流域、金沙江流域、雅砻江流域的蚕区均有不同程度的发生,以安宁河流域的西昌市、德     

粤北桑芽瘿蚊形态特征观察

粤北桑芽瘿蚊Giadomyiasp是粤北桑树的主要害虫之一，其形态特征主要表现在成虫触角、前翅、外生殖器的形态，卵、幼虫胸骨片的形状，蛹胸足长短等方面，与广东老蚕区（顺德）的桑吸浆虫（Contariniasp．）有着明显差异。     

小麦秸秆合理加工喂牛羊

<正>小麦秸杆用氨水、尿素、氢氧化钠、石灰等处理后可用来饲喂牛羊,不仅使小麦秸秆得到合理利用,而且增加了牛羊的饲料来源,降低养殖成本。任何品种小麦秸秆牛羊都可以吃,小麦秸秆的干物     

桑品种与桑树害虫发生的关系

凡是能够抵御病虫为害的作物称为抗性品种.在自然界中,不同作物或同种作物的不同品种,对同种害虫的受害程度往往不同,这可能与抗性有关.本文采用常规的试验方法对几种常见的桑品种和桑树害虫进行了调查,统计出各桑品种常见害虫的发生数量,总结出常见害虫对有关桑品种的危害程度,为生产上推广抗性品种提供参考.     

2015年全国小麦中后期病虫发生趋势预报

<正>4月8日~10日,全国农技中心在山东泰安市召开了全国小麦中后期病虫害发生趋势会商会,预计2015年全国小麦中后期病虫总体呈重发态势,程度重于上年和常年,小麦赤霉病、穗期蚜虫大发生态势明显。一、发生趋势1.发生种类和面积。小麦中后期病虫以赤霉病、条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病、纹枯病和蚜虫、吸浆虫、麦蜘蛛为主,叶枯病、根腐病、全蚀病、黑穗病、病毒病、胞囊线虫病、地下害虫、一代粘虫、灰飞虱、麦叶蜂、麦茎蜂、蝗虫等在局部地区会造成一定危害。预计2015年全国小麦中后期病虫害发生约6.9亿亩,占全生育期发生面积的7     

不同茶树品种间害虫种群数量及为害比较

正害虫与其寄生植物有着长远的相互协同进化的关系,在长期共同进化过程中,寄主植物演化出一些对害虫的防御机制,这些防御特性在各种植物的不同品种之间表现程度不同。实际生产过程发现,在同一生态条件下,茶树品种间害虫发生量存在着明显的差异。为此,根据茶园害虫发生情况,对不同茶树品种上小绿叶蝉、小卷叶蛾、绿盲蝽三种害虫的发生情况进行了调查。1材料1.1小绿叶蝉种群调查调查茶树品种包括名山白毫131、鄂茶1号、金     

饲料用小麦麸的特点

1产品特点小麦麸（wheat bran）俗称麸皮,是以小麦籽实为原料加工面粉后的副产品。小麦麸的成分变异较大,主要受小麦品种、制粉工艺、面粉加工精度等因素影响。我国对小麦麸的分类方法较多。按面粉加工精度,可将小麦麸分为精粉麸和标粉麸;按小麦品种,     

Ileal amino-acid digestibility of wheat, autoclaved wheat and spaghetti by-products for broiler chicks

An experiment was conducted to determine true and apparent ileal amino‐acid digestibility of a native cultivar of wheat (Mahdavi), autoclaved wheat (120°C for 30 min) and spaghetti by‐products available in Iran. One hundred 21‐day‐old broiler chickens were fed a standard corn–soybean meal starter diet from day 0 to 28 post hatch. At 28 days 80 chicks were distributed according to possessing very nearly the same average bodyweight to 20 wire cages. The experimental units were allocated at random to five dietary treatments with four replicates per treatment. The basal diet contained corn and soybean meal as the major ingredients. Three test diets were formulated containing wheat, autoclaved wheat and spaghetti by‐products as the sole source of dietary protein and each test diet was combined with a basal diet 50:50 on a weight basis to form three assay diets. The apparent and true digestibility of amino acid in the test ingredients were estimated from those in the assay diets basal/test diet mixtures, using the difference method. The apparent and true amino‐acid digestibility of the test ingredients were significantly different (P < 0.01). Autoclaving of wheat increase its amino‐acid digestibility (P < 0.01). Among the test ingredients, the average ileal amino‐acid digestibility of spaghetti by‐products was higher than wheat and autoclaved wheat but it was lower than values for the basal diet (P < 0.01).     

基于APSIM模型小麦生育期需水量的模拟分析

为探讨小麦(Triticum aestivum)生育期水资源的合理利用,本研究运用APSIM模型模拟不同生育期降水量变化条件下小麦的产量,并求得不同生育期小麦需水量的阈值。结果表明,区域降水年型基本呈旱涝交替出现;小麦生育期总需水量为325.3mm;其中,出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、旗叶期、开花期和灌浆期需水量分别为34.72、80.6、67.1、43.81、58.67和30.4mm,分别占小麦生育期降水总量的10.67%、27.85%、20.63%、13.47%、18.04%和9.35%。出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、旗叶期、开花期和灌浆期平均降水亏缺率分别为70.78%、48.83%、46.22%、40.35%、75.66%和-121.05%;春小麦需水关键期为出苗期、拔节期、开花期。     

基于APSIM模型的可视化小麦生长系统分析

以气象参数、土壤条件和作物属性等基础数据为驱动,通过耦合基于APSIM的小麦（Triticum aestivum）生长模拟模型、形态结构建成模块构建小麦功能－结构模块（Wheat Function Morphostructure Module）。利用计算机图形技术,在.NET平台上,调用OpenGL作图工具,可以绘制小麦器官三维形态,并通过功能－结构反馈校正建立形态建成过程与生理生态过程的内在融合,分析了小麦形态结构随生长过程动态变化的可视化生长系统的研发过程,从而为提高系统开发中预测的准确性和图形对象高仿真度提供关键的技术支持。     

Comparison of rolled, NaOH treated and ensiled wheat grain in dairy cattle diets

The effect of three wheat grain treatments on the zootechnical performance (feed intake, milk production and milk fat and protein production) of dairy cattle was studied with 18 Holstein cows in each of two feeding trials (both a 3 × 3 Latin square design). Rolled wheat, NaOH treated wheat and immature wheat ensiled with Graintona-Plus (Vee-lik, Zuienkerke, Belgium) were compared in a ration with fixed DM proportions of wheat, maize silage and prewilted grass silage. The nutritive value of the three wheat treatments was derived from in situ rumen degradability studies and from in vivo digestibility experiments.

In situ rumen incubations showed that NaOH treatment strongly decreased protein and starch degradability of the wheat. Due to that importantly decreased starch degradability NaOH treated wheat may be a source of starch with a reduced risk of rumen acidosis as compared to rolled wheat. On the other hand, due to the ensiling, immature wheat had a very high washable starch fraction, despite the Graintona-Plus treatment. The protein value differed importantly, with the DPI (true protein digested in the small intestine; [Tamminga, S., van Straalen, W.M., Subnel, A.P.J., Meijer, R.G.M., Steg, A., Wever, C.J.G., Blok, M.C., 1994. The Dutch protein evaluation system: the DVE/OEB-system. Livest. Prod. Sci. 40, 139–155]) value being 103, 125 and 76 g/kg DM for rolled, NaOH treated and ensiled wheat, respectively. The RDPB (degraded protein balance; [Tamminga, S., van Straalen, W.M., Subnel, A.P.J., Meijer, R.G.M., Steg, A., Wever, C.J.G., Blok, M.C., 1994. The Dutch protein evaluation system: the DVE/OEB-system. Livest. Prod. Sci. 40, 139–155]) value of the NaOH treated wheat was − 51 vs. − 37 and− 33 g/kg DM for rolled and ensiled wheat. In vivo digestibility trials with Holstein cows indicated that the net energy value of the wheat treatments was not significantly different.

In Trial 1, all diets were formulated to supply 105% of the requirements of DPI and net energy lactation (NEL; [Van Es, A.J.H., 1978. Feed evaluation for ruminants: I. The system in use from May 1977 onwards in the Netherlands. Livest. Prod. Sci. 5, 331–345]) and a safe RDPB level (± 200 g/day). On average 4.6 kg wheat DM was fed daily. Following trial 1, trial 2 was carried out, with the maize silage, grass silage and wheat fed in the same proportions as in trial 1, but fed ad libitum, to compare the intake level of the three diets. In both trials, the NaOH treated wheat resulted in the best performance with importantly increased milk yield and the highest yield of fat and protein corrected milk. Ensiled immature wheat resulted in a significant lower milk production and milk protein yield and in a higher milk fat content. In trial 1, DM-intake of the three groups was comparable due to the experimental design. In trial 2 intake of the cows fed NaOH treated wheat was significantly higher (23.5 vs. 21.1 kg/day for the other two groups).     

木聚糖酶对小麦中非淀粉多糖体外酶解效果的影响研究

为了探究木聚糖酶对小麦非淀粉多糖的降解效果。试验采用单因子设计,用气相色谱法测定不同木聚糖酶水平,在一定水分(料水比为1:10)、温度(40℃)和pH值(6.0)条件下酶解2 h,小麦非淀粉多糖含量变化。在酶水平为每克小麦60 000 IU时,降解效果最大;以可溶性非淀粉多糖、不可溶性非淀粉多糖、总非淀粉多糖含量变化为指标,每千克小麦的适宜木聚糖酶添加量分别为0.718 g、0.732 g、0.717 g。添加木聚糖酶对小麦非淀粉多糖有显著的降解效果。     

小麦蛋白粉在饲料中的应用

综述了小麦蛋白粉的基本营养特性及其在动物生产中的应用,并对其应用前景进行了分析.     

饲用小麦生产与利用研究现状及发展前景

随着生活水平的提高和食品消费结构的变化,对动物蛋白的需求迅速增长。然而,由于缺乏优质粗饲料,畜牧业的发展受到了很大的限制。饲用全株小麦产量高、营养品质好,已成为一种优质的饲料来源,因此,围绕饲用小麦的相关研究意义重大。梳理近年来国内外关于饲用小麦生产和利用的现状及发展趋势,重点概述的内容有:1)品种选育:种质创制技术、逆境分子育种和常规饲用小麦品种筛选;2)栽培管理:常规田间管理、放牧利用管理和粮饲兼用管理;3)青贮加工的影响因素:栽培管理、生育期、添加剂和其他因素;4)家畜的饲喂效果:采食量、消化率、畜产品产量和品质等。此外,总结了饲用小麦各研究领域中所存在的问题和不足。同时,对新形势下饲用小麦的研究趋势和研究重点进行了展望,以期对我国饲用小麦的生产和推广利用提供指导与参考。目前,饲用小麦的发展背景主要是粮食过剩、饲草供需矛盾和动物生产性能等问题,它在产量和营养方面表现优异,尤其在冬季饲料缺乏时,小麦具备更大的生长优势,无论是放牧还是青贮利用都较方便,这也缓解了目前的饲料危机,为畜牧业的安全发展提供了保障。但是,粮用小麦品种一般为矮秆,其全株产量受限,为更好地发挥小麦的饲用价值,培育饲用专用品种势在必行。     

不同轮作模式对后茬作物小麦产量及生理指标的影响

本研究在前茬作物分别是种植4年的苜蓿田,玉米田,大豆田的情况下,研究了3种轮作模式(苜蓿-小麦;大豆-小麦;玉米-小麦)对其后茬作物小麦产量(籽粒产量、出籽率、地上部生物量)与小麦的生理指标(叶色值、叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、硝酸还原酶活性)之间的影响。结果表明:苜蓿-小麦轮作模式下比玉米、大豆轮作小麦模式会显著提高后茬作物小麦产量,而后2种模式在产量上差异不显著。苜蓿-小麦轮作模式显著改善小麦旗叶叶色值、叶面积指数,提高了小麦在灌浆期和成熟期的净光合速率、降低了在孕穗期的蒸腾速率;苜蓿-小麦轮作模式显著提高了小麦生长在整个生长期间的硝酸还原酶活性。说明此种轮作模式有利于改善后茬作物小麦对氮肥的利用率、提高其产量。     

华山新麦草在小麦遗传改良中的应用研究进展

华山新麦草是仅分布于中国秦岭山脉华山段的特有农作物野生近缘物种,具有抗寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄、抗病、优质等优异性状特点。因此,华山新麦草可作为小麦抗病、抗逆等性状遗传改良的重要种质资源,对拓宽小麦遗传基础、创制新种质资源具有重要意义。本文围绕华山新麦草种群生态保护研究及其在小麦遗传改良中的应用现状,阐述了华山新麦草分类及进化、种群生态和小麦遗传改良过程中的应用情况,并针对华山新麦草的生态保护及在小麦育种中的应用前景进行了展望,以期对今后特异种质资源在小麦遗传育种实践中高效利用该种质资源有所启发。     

不同小麦麸水平的饲粮对蛋雏鸡血清酶活力的影响

本试验采用玉米淀粉—大豆分离蛋白半结合型饲粮,研究了不同小麦麸水平(0.8,16,24,32,40％)蛋用雏鸡全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、血清碱性磷酸酶活力变化情况,结果表明①小麦麸水平为24、32、40％的试验组雏鸡全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而小麦麸水平为8、16％组低于对照组(P<0.05)。②各试验组间血清碱性磷酸酶活力差异不显著(P>0.05)。