成都地区3家马术俱乐部马匹的肠道寄生虫检测

本试验通过饱和盐水漂浮法和斯陶尔氏法对来自成都的A、B和C三个马术运动俱乐部的101份马匹粪样进行寄生虫检测,为赛马饲养管理者制定驱虫方案和检验驱虫效果提供重要参考。结果显示,肠道寄生虫总感染率为82.18%(83/101),3家俱乐部均检出圆线虫、马副蛔虫2种虫卵,混合感染率为14.85%(15/101)。圆线虫感染率为81.19%(82/101),每克虫卵数(EPG)为300个;马副蛔虫感染率为15.84%(16/101),EPG为555个。圆线虫在各年龄段的赛马均有分布,其感染率和感染强度随着年龄增加而降低。检出马副蛔虫的马匹多为幼龄马且多处于圆线虫和马副蛔虫混合感染的状态。结果表明,3家马术俱乐部马匹的寄生虫感染率和感染强度表现出明显差别。     

巴音布鲁克镇周围散养马消化道寄生虫病感染情况调查

目的：为了解巴音布鲁克散养马消化道寄生虫的感染情况。方法：采用寄生虫病病原（粪便）常规检查法及EPG检查法对该地区的散马消化道寄生虫进行调查。结果：消化道寄生虫总感染率为81.67%（98/120）；其中线虫感染率为75.83%（91/120），球虫感染率为15.83%（19/120），大部分为混合感染。经EPG调查，每克马粪便平均感染525个虫卵。结论：经本实验对随机采样的巴音布鲁克散养马体内寄生虫有了初步了解，对以后长年考察该镇马寄生虫的感染情况及当地散养马业的健康发展提供了科学依据。     

圈养蛇类寄生虫病感染调查

新动物园圈养蛇类寄生虫病感染情况备受关注。本试验旨在了解福州动物园圈养蛇类消化道寄生虫感染情况,调查寄生虫感染的种类和程度,为建立科学的防治方法和驱虫程序提供科学依据。本试验采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和自然水洗沉淀法收集虫卵,运用麦克马斯特计数方法对9种蛇类14条蛇共计20份粪便样本进行调查。寄生虫总感染率为100%(9/9),寄生虫种类为蛔虫、鞭虫、球虫、类圆线虫,其中以蛔虫的感染最为严重,此外,还从红尾蟒粪便中检查到螨虫幼虫。感染寄生虫的蛇类中,花岗岩蟒感染强度最高,蛔虫卵EPG为7650个/g;其次是黄金蟒蛔虫卵EPG为7500个/g;第三王锦蛇蛔虫卵EPG为3000个/g,鞭虫卵EPG为600个/g;其它虫卵EPG大多分布在25-1500个/g。     

广东省部分地区赛马肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解广东省部分地区赛马肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对广东7个马术俱乐部的383份赛马新鲜粪便样本进行检查。结果发现赛马肠道寄生虫总感染率为12.0%(46/383),7个马术俱乐部中有5个呈肠道寄生虫感染阳性,感染率范围为1.2%(1/82)～54.3%(19/35),统计学差异极显著(P0.01);显微镜观察鉴定出2种/类寄生虫虫卵,圆线虫和马副蛔虫感染率分别为11.5%(44/383)和0.7%(3/383);雌马、雄马和骟马感染率分别为16.1%(5/31)、6.8%(3/44)和12.3%(38/308),不同性别赛马肠道寄生虫感染率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结果表明,需要加强广东省赛马肠道寄生虫的防控。     

鹿肠道寄生虫流行病学调查

为了解鹿群胃肠道寄生虫感染情况,2011年9月至2012年5月,利用漂浮法和沉淀法,对新疆盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地的天山马鹿、阿勒泰马鹿和梅花鹿进行了调查。在检测的432份鹿粪便样品中,发现了蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵、球虫卵和钩虫卵,平均感染率分别为53.24%、34.72%、6.25%和2.31%,感染强度(EPG)分别为37.12、16.78、0.19和0.06。各品种鹿寄生虫感染情况略有差异,蛔虫卵和鞭虫卵发现于所有被检测的鹿种;球虫卵发现于天山马鹿和阿勒泰马鹿;而钩虫卵仅发现于天山马鹿。不同性别与年龄寄生虫感染率存在差异性,雌性鹿的感染率高于雄性鹿,成年鹿的感染率高于幼龄鹿。     

新疆部分城市宠物犬肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解新疆城市宠物犬肠道寄生虫感染情况,笔者采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对新疆5个城市的477份宠物犬粪便样本进行了检查。结果显示,113份样品呈肠道寄生虫虫卵/卵囊阳性,总感染率为23.7%。共检出7种(类)寄生虫虫卵或卵囊,以球虫为优势感染虫种,感染率为13.8%;蛔虫感染率次之,为9.2%;隐孢子虫,圆线虫,钩虫,鞭虫及带科绦虫感染率分别为0.6%、2.7%、0.4%、0.2%和0.2%。在宠物店内饲养犬的肠道寄生虫感染率较高,为33.2%;宠物医院及犬舍内宠物犬的肠道寄生虫感染率分别为14.7%和8.5%。雄犬感染率(26.0%)高于雌犬感染率(21.7%);6月龄以下,7～12月龄,1岁以上宠物犬的感染率分别为30.9%、20.5%和3.8%,随年龄增长呈递减趋势。调查结果表明,应进一步加强宠物犬肠道寄生虫的驱除工作和公共卫生知识宣传。     

西宁野生动物园禽类肠道寄生虫调查研究

为调查西宁野生动物园禽类肠道寄生虫感染情况，作者于2021年10月采集9种94份粪便样品，应用饱和蔗糖漂浮法和沉淀法对粪便样本进行了检查。结果显示，寄生虫感染阳性样本数为13份，占样本总数的13.8%。此次实验共计检查出有3种寄生虫感染了禽类，按照感染例数排列顺序为：球虫、蛔虫、异刺线虫。感染强度测定结果显示，大多数野生动物粪便样本中虫卵或卵囊感染强度较低。研究表明，西宁野生动物园禽类肠道寄生虫感染防控效果较好，需要持续加强寄生虫的监测工作。     

规模化全舍饲湖羊消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解规模化舍饲湖羊消化道寄生虫感染情况,本研究应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、饱和盐水漂浮法、卢戈氏碘液染色法、离心沉淀法和麦克马斯特氏计数法等对采自河南部分地区规模化全舍饲湖羊养殖场共计553份粪便样品进行了调查。调查结果显示：寄生虫总感染率高达97.47%,75.23%的样品混合感染,样品混合感染的寄生虫种类最多为5种;共查到球虫、隐孢子虫、贾第虫、阿米巴、鞭虫、圆线虫和绦虫7种寄生虫,感染率分别为90.42%、0.90%、4.88%、65.64%、12.48%、42.13%和4.88%;感染强度最大的为球虫,每克粪便的卵囊数（OPG）最高达652 000,其次为圆线虫,每克粪便的虫卵数（EPG）最高为7 000;湖羊消化道寄生虫感染无明显的年龄、性别差异（P>0.05）;季节流行动态显示,春、夏、秋三季的寄生虫感染率与冬季相比有较大差异。以上结果说明,湖羊消化道寄生虫感染较为普遍,应采取有效的综合防控措施,以保障羊群的健康发展。     

补喂鞣花酸对哺乳期马驹寄生虫感染情况的影响

【目的】研究补喂鞣花酸对哺乳期纯血马马驹肠道寄生虫感染情况的影响，揭示鞣花酸在马属动物消化道寄生虫防治方面的作用，为新型驱虫药物的筛选提供参考依据。【方法】选择平均体重（143.33±16.10） kg、出生日期（±5 d）、寄生虫感染率相近的哺乳期纯血马马驹15匹，随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组，每组5匹。在相同的饲养条件下，对照组马驹不做任何处理，试验Ⅰ组马驹每天补喂15 mg/kg BW鞣花酸，试验Ⅱ组补喂30 mg/kg BW鞣花酸，试验期60 d，分别在试验的第0、15、30、45、60天采集马驹粪便样品，检测各组虫卵种类，统计虫卵数量，并评价驱虫效果。【结果】哺乳纯血马驹感染率高的寄生虫有10种，其中感染率最高的寄生虫是马副蛔虫、马圆线虫及细颈三齿线虫。随着鞣花酸补喂时间的延长及剂量的增加，寄生虫的感染率呈降低趋势，细颈三齿线虫卵、马圆线虫卵、马副蛔虫卵和韦氏类圆线虫卵的排出量显著降低（P<0.05）。补喂鞣花酸后第60天试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组虫卵总数比对照组分别降低66.59%和97.06%；试验Ⅰ组第30和60天虫卵减少率分别为30.10%和42.97%；试验Ⅱ组第30和60天虫卵减少率分别为37.51%和49.86%。【结论】在本试验条件下，给哺乳马驹补喂鞣花酸能够显著降低寄生虫的感染及粪便中细颈三齿线虫卵、马圆线虫卵、马副蛔虫卵和韦氏类圆线虫卵的排出量，且补喂剂量为30 mg/kg BW效果更佳。     

槐山羊肠道寄生虫流行病学调查

为了解河南省槐山羊肠道寄生虫的感染情况,应用寄生虫常规检测方法对周口市某规模化养羊场150份粪样进行寄生虫感染情况调查。结果共检出5类虫卵和卵囊,其中原虫2类（球虫、隐孢子虫）、线虫2类（类圆线虫、鞭虫）、绦虫1类。调查150份粪便样品全部为寄生虫阳性,寄生虫总感染率为100％,其中隐孢子虫感染率为5．33％,球虫的感染率为100％,鞭虫的感染率为10．67％,类圆线虫的感染率为57．33％,绦虫的感染率为44．67％。调查结果说明槐山羊肠道寄生虫混合感染现象较严重,寄生虫感染率呈随着年龄增长而降低的趋势。     

Gastrointestinal Parasites of Stabled and Grazing Horses in Central and Northern Greece

The aim of this investigation was to compare parasites found in feces from stabled and grazing horses in Greece. For this, a total of 223 fecal samples were collected from horses from various parts of Central and Northern Greece. One hundred fifty were stabled and 73 were grazing horses, used for riding, working, or breeding. One hundred came from seven riding clubs, 73 from one breeding farm, and 50 were work horses from five farms. Parasitologic investigation was performed by applying three fecal examination techniques (Teleman's, zinc flotation, and stained smears) to detect ova, larvae, and oocysts of parasites. It was found that 77 the 223 horses (34.5%) in the study were infected with one or more parasite species. In the stabled horses, the most common parasites detected were eggs of strongyles, Strongyloides spp, Anoplocephala spp, Habronema spp, and Parascaris equorum and oocysts of Eimeria spp and Cryptosporidium spp; in the grazing horses, Anoplocephala spp. Strongyles were significantly more prevalent in the group of stabled horses than in the other group (P < .05). The results of the current study demonstrate that parasite infection is highly prevalent in horses in Greece.     

Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in three areas of Norway

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalences of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in dairy calves less than 6 months of age in Norway. Faecal samples were collected from a total of 1386 calves, between 3 and 183 days of age, in 136 dairy farms from three different areas of Norway. Faecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts after concentration and immunofluorescent staining.

Giardia was found in 93% (127 out of 136) of the farms and in 49% (679 out of 1386) of the calves. Cryptosporidium was found in 53% (72 out of 136) of the farms and in 12% (167 out of 1386) of the calves. The level of Giardia and/or Cryptosporidium was low in the majority of the infected calves.

Infection peaked in the age group 2–3 months for both Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The prevalences of both parasites were higher in samples taken during winter than in samples taken during summer, and statistically significant differences were found when prevalences in different age groups of calves were compared between the three areas. A significantly lower prevalence of Cryptosporidium was found in calves housed in shared pens that were thoroughly washed more than three times a year than in calves from pens washed less often. For Giardia there was a trend for decreasing intensity of infection with increasing age in the sampled calves. For Cryptosporidium there was a trend for increasing herd prevalence with increasing number of calves in the herd, but this trend was not statistically significant. Other parameters which were investigated such as housing, feeding or management routines were not associated with prevalence or intensity of infection with either parasite.     

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in cattle and wildlife in Morogoro region, Tanzania

Prevalences of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in cattle (n = 486) on five selected farms in Morogoro municipality and three species of herbivorous wildlife (n = 87) from Mikumi National Park, Morogoro, Tanzania, were determined using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Of 486 bovine faecal samples, 5.3% were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium was higher in calves less than 3 months of age compared to weaned calves and adults. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals, but there was a significantly higher prevalence (P < 0.001) of oocyst shedding in diarrhoeic than in non-diarrhoeic animals. Of the 87 faecal specimens from the wildlife species, 36 were from the African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), 25 from zebra (Equus zebra) and 26 from the wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou). Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in eight (22%) buffaloes, seven (28%) zebras and seven (27%) wildebeests. Confirmation of the diagnosis was performed using anti-Cryptosporidium monoclonal antibody specific for Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium baileyi (Pathasure Cryptosporidium test kit).     

绵羊肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

应用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对采自河南省6个地市及吉林双辽、辽宁朝阳和山东东营共1109份绵羊粪便样品进行检查,结果发现9种(类)寄生虫,寄生虫总感染率为97.2%,以球虫感染率最高,达93.5%,卵囊数(OPG)最高值达652000;圆线虫和阿米巴感染率较高,分别为51.2%和71.3%,圆线虫卵数(EPG)最高值达69400;隐孢子虫、贾第虫、鞭虫、细颈线虫、莫尼茨绦虫和矛形双腔吸虫感染率分别为1.6%、5.7%、9.7%、0.3%、5.1%和2.6%;80.7%的绵羊阳性样品呈混合感染,最多可达5种。1岁以下和1岁以上绵羊寄生虫感染率分别为98.5%和87.5%;舍饲和放牧绵羊寄生虫感染率分别为97.5%和96.8%;寄生虫季节流行动态调查显示夏秋季节寄生虫感染率高于冬春季节。调查结果表明绵羊肠道寄生虫感染较为普遍,应加强其综合防控措施。     

福州动物园圈养鸟类肠道寄生虫调查

为调查福州动物园圈养鸟类消化道寄生虫感染情况,采集16种禽类31份粪便样品,应用饱和盐水漂浮法和自然水洗沉淀法收集虫卵,麦克斯特计数法对采集的粪便样本进行虫卵测定。检查结果显示,寄生虫感染阳性样品数有23份,占样品总数的74%。总共检出6种寄生虫感染,按感染例数从大到小排序为:球虫(9例)、吸虫(7例)、绦虫(6例)、线虫(5例)、鞭虫(4例)、纤毛虫(3例)。感染寄生虫的禽类中,孔雀的感染强度最高,EPG为9 150个/g;其次是巨嘴鸟,EPG为4 500个/g;第三是东方白鹳,EPG为3 300个/g。其他鸟类的EPG分布在0~2 100个/g。该调查结果为福州动物园圈养鸟类寄生虫病的防治以及制定科学的驱虫程序提供可靠的依据。     

Occurrence of fatal canine Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in Italy

A total of 469 fecal samples were collected from American minks (Mustela vison) on a farm in Hebei Province in China and examined for Cryptosporidium by Sheather's sugar flotation technique and 8 Cryptosporidim isolates were obtained. The partial 18S rRNA, 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and actin genes of six isolates were sequenced. Sequence data were analyzed together with known Cryptosporidium spp. and genotypes. Results of this multi-locus genetic characterization indicated that the six Cryptosporidium isolates in this study shared the same sequences of the genes studied and were different from known Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. The closest relative was Cryptosporidium ferret genotype with 7, 22, 2 and 2 nucleotide differences in the 18S rRNA, HSP70, COWP and actin genes, respectively. The homology to ferret genotype at the 18S rRNA locus was 99.1%, which is comparable to that between C. parvum and C. hominis (99.2%), or between C. muris and C. andersoni (99.4%). Therefore, the Cryptosporidium in minks in this study is considered a new genotype, the Cryptosporidium mink genotype.     

Prevalence and first genetic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in central Viet Nam

We investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in relation to age and clinical status in cattle in the central region of Viet Nam. A total of 266 fecal samples from diarrheic and non-diarrheic cattle were examined by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum type infections, those of the Cryptosporidium andersoni type, and mixed infection of both types was 33.5% (89/266), 5.6% (15/266), and 3.4% (9/266), respectively. The infection rate of 44.3% (35/79) of C. parvum in calves less than 6 months old was significantly higher than that of 28.9% (54/187) in cattle greater than 6 months old (P < 0.01). Although no C. andersoni oocysts were detected in calves less than 3 months old, no significant difference was observed between the age groups in the prevalence of C. andersoni infection and mixed infection. The percentage of diarrheic and non-diarrheic cattle identified to be shedding C. parvum oocysts was 46.5% (74/159) and 14.0% (15/107), respectively (P < 0.0001). The risk of diarrhea was 1.7 times greater in C. parvum-infected calves than in their non-infected counterparts. DNA sequences of 18S rRNA genes of C. parvum type and C. andersoni type indicated that they were C. parvum bovine genotype and C. andersoni, respectively. This is the first genetic identification of C. parvum bovine genotype and C. andersoni from cattle in Viet Nam.     

Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in wild mammals of mainland Britain

This paper combines the results from a preliminary survey of occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in faecal samples from a range of wild mammal species inhabiting mainland Britain with a tabulated literature review of world-wide reports of the parasite in those British mammals. In the literature, C. parvum was reported from 11 wild mammals found in Britain and elsewhere, mainly in rodents but also in insectivores, lagomorphs and ungulates. C. muris has been reported only in wild rodents. The sample survey detected C. parvum in seven additional British species, including carnivores. Overall, 12% of 184 faecal samples tested with a genus-specific monoclonal antibody contained oocysts of C. parvum. The results further emphasise the widespread distribution of Cryptosporidium amongst wild mammals in Britain, highlight the potential for transmission between host species and warn of the possibility of direct exposure for anybody using the countryside for professional or recreational purposes (e.g. farmers and ramblers) to previously unregarded sources of infection. It seems increasingly likely that most, if not all, mammalian species can be infected with C. parvum.