规模化全舍饲湖羊消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解规模化舍饲湖羊消化道寄生虫感染情况,本研究应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、饱和盐水漂浮法、卢戈氏碘液染色法、离心沉淀法和麦克马斯特氏计数法等对采自河南部分地区规模化全舍饲湖羊养殖场共计553份粪便样品进行了调查。调查结果显示:寄生虫总感染率高达97.47%,75.23%的样品混合感染,样品混合感染的寄生虫种类最多为5种;共查到球虫、隐孢子虫、贾第虫、阿米巴、鞭虫、圆线虫和绦虫7种寄生虫,感染率分别为90.42%、0.90%、4.88%、65.64%、12.48%、42.13%和4.88%;感染强度最大的为球虫,每克粪便的卵囊数(OPG)最高达652 000,其次为圆线虫,每克粪便的虫卵数(EPG)最高为7 000;湖羊消化道寄生虫感染无明显的年龄、性别差异(P0.05);季节流行动态显示,春、夏、秋三季的寄生虫感染率与冬季相比有较大差异。以上结果说明,湖羊消化道寄生虫感染较为普遍,应采取有效的综合防控措施,以保障羊群的健康发展。     

规模舍饲羊场羊消化道及环境寄生虫情况调查

【目的】调查规模化舍饲羊场及散养羊消化道感染及环境污染寄生虫情况,为中国规模舍饲羊场羊消化道寄生虫综合防控提供参考。【方法】采用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法等技术,对采自河南和宁夏的4个规模舍饲羊场及12个散养户的1 025份羊粪便样品寄生虫感染和712份环境样品寄生虫污染情况进行检查,采用麦克马斯特法计数球虫阳性样品每克粪便中的球虫卵囊数(OPG)。选择汝州规模舍饲羊场进行季节动态调查,了解不同季节规模舍饲羊场羊消化道感染及环境污染寄生虫情况。【结果】羊消化道寄生虫总感染率为82.83%(849/1 025),共检出8种(类)寄生虫,分别为球虫、阿米巴、贾第虫、隐孢子虫、绦虫、鞭虫、细颈线虫和其他线虫。优势虫种为球虫(71.90%),其次为阿米巴(49.07%),球虫与阿米巴较易发生混合感染。环境样品寄生虫总阳性率为38.48%(274/712),共检出6种(类)寄生虫,包括球虫、阿米巴、贾第虫、鞭虫、细颈线虫和其他线虫,优势虫种是线虫(22.75%)。河南规模舍饲羊场羊消化道寄生虫感染率以及环境样品寄生虫检出率均显著低于宁夏规模舍饲羊场(P<0.05)。舍...     

舍饲羊消化道寄生虫感染的季节动态变化研究

为了对新疆不同地区舍饲条件下羊消化道寄生虫感染进行季节动态变化调查,采集了新疆生产建设兵团第三师、第六师和第十师范围内的4个规模化舍饲羊场羊新鲜粪便1 387份,鉴定粪便中寄生虫虫卵种类,并采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦氏计数法计算其感染率及感染强度;剖检病弱羊19只,检查消化道内寄生虫虫体。结果表明,本次调查的4个舍饲羊场中,羊消化道寄生虫总感染率为69. 28%,夏季感染率最低。球虫的总感染率为63. 95%,羔羊感染率及感染强度高于成年羊;线虫的总感染率为13. 91%,主要为成年羊感染。经形态学初步鉴定,检出的羊消化道寄生虫为细颈线虫、马歇尔线虫、奥斯特线虫、捻转血矛线虫、球虫和细颈囊尾蚴,其优势虫种为球虫。     

河南省规模化猪场肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为查明河南省规模化猪场寄生虫感染情况,应用直接涂片法、饱和食盐溶液漂浮法、水洗沉淀法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法等5种方法,对河南省10个地市13个规模化猪场不同年龄猪群的1119份粪便样品进行检查。结果显示:猪肠道寄生虫感染主要为球虫、类圆线虫、鞭虫、蛔虫、结肠小袋纤毛虫和隐孢子虫;寄生虫总感染率为56.21%,其中球虫感染率为41.73%;隐孢子虫感染率为11.35%;结肠小袋纤毛虫感染率为9.47%;类圆线虫感染率为5.45%;蛔虫感染率11.53%;鞭虫感染率为6.43%。本研究为今后有效防治河南地区猪寄生虫病提供科学依据。     

扬州市流浪犬肠道寄生虫种类的调查

为了解扬州市流浪犬肠道寄生虫的感染情况,采取离心沉淀法和饱和食盐水漂浮法分别对62份犬粪便样品进行检查。结果显示:共发现4种犬肠道寄生虫,分别是犬弓首蛔虫、钩口线虫、类圆线虫和犬等孢球虫,其感染率分别为30.65%、8.06%、3.23%和11.29%,寄生虫总感染率为48.39%;犬弓首蛔虫为优势种。混合感染2种寄生虫2例,混合感染3种寄生虫1例,混合感染率为4.84%。     

赤峰地区舍饲肉羊消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解赤峰地区舍饲肉羊消化道线虫的感染情况,利用饱和食盐水漂浮法和改良麦克马斯特计数、镜检等方法对赤峰市旗县区舍饲肉羊采集的粪便样品进行检查.结果表明,在阳性粪便样品中共检测出6种虫卵,分别为捻转血矛线虫、细颈线虫、食道口线虫、仰口线虫、夏伯特线虫和球虫;赤峰地区舍饲肉羊消化道寄生虫总感染率为78.49％,线虫和球虫感染率分别为73.92％和53.79％;敖汉旗、松山区、巴林右旗、喀喇沁旗、翁牛特旗、克什克腾旗消化道寄生虫感染率分别为82.50％、92.26％、82.67％、66.25％、71.83％、71.76％,各旗县区虫卵减少率分别为59.27％、81.83％、45.50％、69.26％、65.79％、62.08％.试验结果可为赤峰地区的舍饲肉羊消化道线虫病的综合防治工作提供科学依据.     

泰州地区猪肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解泰州地区猪肠道寄生虫感染情况,共采集泰州3个地区(泰兴、姜堰、兴化)1206份猪新鲜粪便样品,通过饱和食盐水漂浮法、饱和蔗糖液漂浮法进行检测。结果:阳性粪便数为327份,占总调查粪便样品数的27.1%;小型猪场感染率为50.1%(236/471),规模化猪场感染率为12.4%(91/735)。泰州地区共检测到7种肠道寄生虫,分别是蛔虫、毛尾线虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫、食道口线虫、类圆线虫,其中,泰兴地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是6.2%、2.7%、6.2%、7.2%、8.7%、2.5%、1.0%;姜堰地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是8.3%、0.7%、5.6%、7.8%、5.4%、1.5%、0.5%;兴化地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是2.8%、0.5%、8.8%、9.1%、3.3%、1.0%、0%。结果表明:小型猪场感染率比规模化猪场高;小型猪场蛔虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫感染率较高;规模化猪场球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫等原虫感染率较高。     

城市观赏鸽肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解城市观赏鸽肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对289份粪便样品进行检查,总感染率为79.2%,混合感染率为37.7%。发现6种肠道寄生虫,以球虫、蛔虫和毛细线虫为主要感染虫种,感染率分别为69.9%、28.0%和18.3%;隐孢子虫、圆线虫和绦虫感染率分别为2.1%、4.5%和0.7%。本次调查城市观赏鸽肠道寄生虫感染率较高,并可传播流行人兽共患寄生虫,应加强其寄生虫防控工作。     

户县某镇散养犬肠道寄生虫种类及感染情况的调查

为了解户县某镇散养犬肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和食盐水漂浮法等对该地区散养犬120份粪便样品进行了检测。结果发现8种犬肠道寄生虫,分别是犬弓首蛔虫、等孢球虫、犬钩口线虫、粪类圆线虫、犬贾第虫、毛尾线虫、犬复孔绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫,其感染率分别为65.83%、40.83%、35.00%、26.67%、9.17%、6.67%、2.50%和1.67%。寄生虫总感染率为100%。在这些感染犬中,混合感染2种肠道寄生虫的为44例,混合感染3种以上肠道寄生虫的为31例,其混合感染率为62.5%;犬弓首蛔虫、等孢球虫和犬钩口线虫为优势种。     

四川省绵阳市某肉兔养殖场寄生虫感染情况调查

为初步了解四川省绵阳市规模化养兔场的寄生虫感染情况,以便制定高效的防控策略,2019年5月应用饱和盐水漂浮法和循序水洗沉淀法,选取某大型规模化养兔场,随机采集111份肉兔新鲜粪便样品进行寄生虫检测,并进一步用麦克马斯特法对检测为阳性的粪便进行虫卵计数。寄生虫检测结果显示:111份兔粪便样品中,54份为阳性,平均阳性率为48.65%;共检出球虫和线虫两大类胃肠道寄生虫,其中球虫阳性率为47.75%,线虫为1.80%,混合阳性率为0.9%;小于3月龄兔的寄生虫阳性率(95.45%)高于3~6月龄兔(48.89%)和6月龄以上兔阳性率(25.00%),差异显著(P<0.05);公兔的寄生虫阳性率为44.00%,母兔为33.33%,经卡方检验,得到卡方值为0.956,自由度为1,说明兔场寄生虫阳性率与宿主性别不相关。虫卵计数结果显示:54份阳性粪便样品中,球虫每克粪便卵囊数(OPG)最高为98600,平均值为15760;线虫每克粪便虫卵数(EPG)最高为1000,平均值为800;小于3月龄患兔大多为重度感染,而大于3月龄患兔多数为低强度感染。结果表明,绵阳市兔场球虫感染率较高,以球虫感染为主,且感染与兔月龄密切相关其中幼龄兔感染最为严重,由此建议兔场重视幼龄兔的饲养管理并提前驱虫。     

河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况，采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对河南省郏县地区某红牛养殖场及散养红牛的218份新鲜粪便样本进行了检查，结果发现寄生虫总感染率为66.5%，共检出4种肠道寄生虫，其中球虫、圆线虫、鞭虫和绦虫感染率分别为61.5%、2.3%、6.9%和7.8%，混合感染率为11.5%，阳性粪便中虫卵或卵囊感染强度以轻度感染为主。结果表明，河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染较为普遍，应加强其肠道寄生虫病的防治。     

Seasonal dynamics of the occurrence of parasites in the digestive tract in poultry]

The extensity of digestive tract infection with different parasites in domestic fowl kept on large and small farms was diagnosed in individual months of the years 1986-1989. The obtained results were confronted with the values of average monthly temperatures and rainfall sums in individual months of the above-mentioned period. The numbers of birds examined in individual months of the years 1986-1989 were as follows: 105 to 234 from large farms and 32 to 112 from small farms. The numbers of examined chicks from small farms were lowest in winter, and on the other hand highest in summer. The numbers of examined fowl from large farms varied from month to month. Particularly Coccidia (average extensity 12.1%), scarcely Heterakis gallinae (0.2%) and Capillaria spp. (0.1%) were detected in birds kept on a large scale. The occurrence of Coccidia fluctuated from 5% in birds dissected in May, July and November to 22% in birds dissected in August. H. gallinae and Capillaria spp. occurred rarely, namely in the second half of the year after warm and rainy periods (Figs. 1 and 2). The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic fowl kept on small farms is variable within the year while the change begins in summer and culminates in autumn after warm and rainy months. Only following the sporulation of larger numbers of oocysts, or the maturation of larger numbers of eggs or cysticercoids their pathogenicity can play a key role while their concentrations in the environment are increasing. Hence parasitoses begin to appear after the rise of temperatures and rainfall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

德宏州芒市肉牛肠道寄生虫的感染情况调查

[目的]为了解芒市肉牛肠道寄生虫的感染情况,为其寄生虫病的防治提供参考。[方法]从云南省德宏州肉牛场采集191份新鲜粪样,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和自然沉淀法检查寄生虫的感染情况。[结果]共有124份样品检测出寄生虫感染,总感染率为64.92%,检出球虫、线虫、吸虫,其感染率分别为30.89%、4.19%、15.71%,混合感染率为14.41%。不同品种的肉牛之间寄生虫感染存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同养殖场、不同性别和不同年龄的肉牛之间寄生虫感染无显著性差异(P>0.05)。[结论]芒市肉牛寄生虫感染较为严重,其球虫的感染尤为突出,应定期驱虫和加强综合防治来促进肉牛的健康养殖。     

安徽省金寨县牛羊肠道寄生虫感染调查

为了掌握源于安徽省金寨县牛羊肠道寄生虫感染情况,对该地区展开病原学调查,以期为该地区牛羊寄生虫病防治与诊断工作提供理论依据。该调查主要采用直接涂片法、饱和食盐水漂浮法对在金寨县的4个乡（镇）7个不同养殖场（2个牛养殖场和5个羊养殖场）采集的50份牛羊粪便进行检查,并根据形态学特征对所获得的虫卵和幼虫进行归类。经过对调查样本的检查结果显示共查出8种寄生虫,分别为犊新蛔虫、古柏线虫、扩展莫尼茨线虫、大片形吸虫、食道口线虫、夏伯特线虫、捻转血矛线虫、前后盘吸虫等。由此可见,安徽省金寨县牛羊寄生虫感染还是比较严重,因此需采取相应的防治措施。     

A survey of helminth parasites in backyard flocks in Michigan by litter examination

The prevalence of parasitic infections in backyard flocks was surveyed using litter samples from 74 pens located on 12 farms in central lower Michigan. Eight species of birds were represented. Two methods of litter examination (a sucrose flotation technique and a multiple washing/ZnCl2 flotation) were compared; the sucrose flotation technique was found to be more useful and was used in the survey. The following parasites eggs/oocysts were observed; ascarid-type eggs (in 34 pens from nine farms), Capillaria eggs (in 30 pens from nine farms), Strongyloides eggs (in nine pens from five farms), Syngamus eggs (in five pens from four farms), and coccidial oocysts (in 40 pens from 10 farms). Contamination of litter with ascarid-type eggs, Capillaria eggs, and coccidial oocysts was commonly found, irrespective of bird species. The contamination level in pens with more than one bird species was lower than in pens with a single species. The relatively high contamination rate may be an indication of the risk of parasitic disease in birds that are not raised under controlled conditions in confinement.     

尧山白山羊肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解河南省尧山白山羊肠道寄生虫感染情况,本试验采用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对河南省鲁山县某羊场尧山白山羊的63份新鲜粪便样品进行检查。结果共查出17种肠道寄生虫,总感染率为98.4%,分别为艾美耳球虫(9种)、隐孢子虫、贾第虫、阿米巴原虫、圆线虫、细颈线虫、鞭虫、莫尼茨绦虫和吸虫,其中以球虫感染率最高,为95.2%。对检出球虫进行种类鉴定,发现9种艾美耳属球虫,多呈混合感染,最多可达5种。结果表明,该品种羊肠道寄生虫较为普遍,且存在人兽共患寄生虫,应加强其综合防控措施。     

广东省部分地区马肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

【目的】调查广东省内部分地区马匹寄生虫感染情况,探索区域内马匹寄生虫感染优势虫种、感染情况和耐药情况,为区域内马肠道寄生虫病的防治提供参考。【方法】采用饱和食盐溶液漂浮法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对广东省内7个城市24个马术俱乐部375份新鲜马粪样品进行处理,光学显微镜下观察虫卵/卵囊的形态结构特征并进行分类,并根据麦氏计数法计算每克粪便中虫卵/卵囊数（EPG）,统计感染率和感染强度。对EPG＞500的阳性样本进行粪便虫卵减少量计数试验（FECRT）,以评估各马术俱乐部流行寄生虫耐药情况。提取5份＜1岁幼驹的粪便样本DNA,利用巢式PCR检测样品是否存在隐孢子虫感染。【结果】375份样品中有120份样品呈寄生虫虫卵/卵囊阳性,总感染率为32.00%。共检出4种肠道寄生虫,分别为圆线虫、马副蛔虫、类圆线虫和马蛲虫,总感染率分别为30.40%、3.70%、0.80%和0.30%。1~4岁马匹感染率显著高于其他年龄段（P＜0.05）,但不同性别马匹寄生虫感染情况无显著差异（P＞0.05）。受调查马匹感染强度以低排卵（EPG＜200）为主,占马匹总数83.47%。FECRT结果显示,样本所在马术俱乐部常用驱虫药（主要成分为伊维菌素、阿苯达唑）有效,未见耐药现象。5份＜1岁幼驹的粪便样本隐孢子虫巢式PCR检测均为阴性。【结论】广东省部分地区马术俱乐部道寄生虫防控情况总体良好,区域内各马术俱乐部寄生虫防控效果存在差异,建议区域内各马术俱乐部加强马肠道寄生虫监测工作,依据本场监测情况合理用药,避免场内流行寄生虫对所用驱虫药物产生耐药性。     

A field survey on the status of internal parasites in calves on organic dairy farms in southwestern Sweden

Infections with internal parasites are one of the most important causes of reduced productivity in first-grazing season cattle (FGSC). In conventional herds, nematode infections can be controlled by prophylactic anthelmintic treatments, but this is prohibited in organic production. The purpose of this investigation was to monitor the status of internal parasitism on 15 organic cattle enterprises in southwestern Sweden during the 1997 and 1998 grazing seasons, and to estimate the benefits of some management practices in parasite control. On each farm, the numbers of Eimeria alabamensis oocysts per gram of (opg) faeces were counted in seven fresh dung pats collected from the paddock 8-10 days after the turnout of FGSC. Faecal samples from 5 to 15 FGSC were also analysed for nematode eggs per gram (epg) faeces at four occasions during each grazing season. In addition, the FGSC and one group of second-grazing season cattle (SGSC) were weighed at turnout and housing and at the same time blood samples were collected, and analysed for serum pepsinogen concentration and antibodies against the lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus. On seven farms, 1-6 samples with more than 100000 opg were found, indicating considerable pasture contamination by E. alabamensis. However, clinical signs of coccidiosis were not observed. The highest outputs of nematode eggs were observed 45-55 days after turnout. More than 500 epg were only observed in 12 (2.2%) of the calves in 1997 and in three (0.6%) animals in 1998. Only 1% of the serum samples had pepsinogen values exceeding 3.6 U tyrosine, indicative of subclinical Ostertagia ostertagi infection. Lungworm infection was detected in five and nine herds in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The number of seropositive animals on these farms ranged between one (10%) and seven (70%). Clinical signs of dictyocaulosis were observed on two farms. The results indicate that dictyocaulosis is a problem in organic dairy herds in Sweden. On the other hand, the study shows that good management such as usage of parasite safe pastures and supplementary feeding may help control gastrointestinal parasites.     

昆明市流浪犬寄生虫感染情况的调查

为了解昆明市流浪犬寄生虫感染情况,随机采集25份新鲜粪样进行饱和盐水漂浮法检查;对18只死亡流浪犬进行寄生虫解剖法检查,收集虫体,进行计数和鉴定.结果显示,14份粪样中检出虫卵或卵囊,检出率为56.0％.其中8份检测出球虫卵囊,检出率32.0％;6份检测出犬弓首蛔虫卵,检出率24.0％,2份检测出绦虫卵,检出率8.0％...