基于FAO模式评价中国部分猪种肌肉氨基酸组成

试验旨在深入了解中国地方猪种肌肉氨基酸组成,从而有利于改良猪肉品质及营养价值,促进优良猪种资源的保护和开发利用。基于前人对嵊县花猪、湘西黑猪、西藏藏猪、荣昌乳猪、滇南小耳猪、青海八眉猪、杜陆猪、淮南猪、沂蒙黑猪、蕨麻猪、甘肃白猪、姜曲海猪、江香猪、东北民猪、松辽黑猪15个中国地方猪种肌肉中16种氨基酸含量的测定结果,比较了不同猪种肌肉16种氨基酸含量及味觉氨基酸含量差异,以联合国粮食组织（FAO）模式评价8种必需氨基酸,并对16种氨基酸组成指标进行因子分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明,嵊县花猪猪肉的必需氨基酸含量、味觉氨基酸含量及氨基酸总量最高,分别为48.28、68.82、125.93 g/100 g,且猪肉氨基酸模式与FAO氨基酸模式最接近,必需氨基酸含量远高于FAO提出的理想蛋白质含量。主成分分析获得的前4个主成分可以解释全部变异的89.499%,基于主成分值的UPGMA聚类图将中国15个地方猪种归为九大类。总之,中国地方猪猪肉氨基酸组成和相对含量呈现出明显的差异,其中嵊县花猪的肌肉氨基酸组成最优,营养价值更高。     

11个猪种SLC6A14基因3个SNPs的群体遗传变异研究

本研究旨在了解猪种的遗传变异、种群间的亲缘关系和遗传分化。以白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系F0代的17头二花脸母猪和2头白色杜洛克公猪的DNA池为模板,通过直接测序在猪SLC6A14基因内识别4个SNPs,以3个突变位点(g.7944AT、c.1438GA、g.21063GT)为基础,通过PCR-RFLP技术,对11个中外猪种进行多态性检测。结果表明:在SLC6A14g.7944AT和g.21063GT2个突变位点上,所有检测猪种都出现变异,其中槐猪、二花脸猪在g.7944AT位点上变异显著(0.01P0.05);而里岔黑猪、槐猪、玉山黑猪、合作藏猪、八眉猪在g.21063GT内变异极显著(P0.01),以GT基因型为主,且二花脸猪中出现TT基因型;在SLC6A14c.1438GA突变位点上,3个欧洲猪种(长白、大白、杜洛克)没有出现变异,均为GG纯合型,而其他猪种在此位点上均存在变异;再根据11个猪种3个位点的多态性信息计算Nei氏遗传距离,由UPGMA法构建聚类图,说明中国地方猪种与外引猪种存在明显的遗传分化;由此得出中国地方猪种比外引猪种有高的遗传多样性和变异,且存在明显的遗传分化,品种间多数猪种符合品种地域分布和品种特性。     

Genetic structure of pig breeds from Korea and China using microsatellite loci analysis

To understand molecular genetic characteristics of Korean pigs, the genetic relationships of nine pig breeds including two Korean pigs (Korean native pig and Korean wild pig), three Chinese pigs (Min pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig), and four European breeds (Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) were characterized from a 16-microsatellite loci analysis. The mean heterozygosity within breeds ranged from 0.494 to 0.703. Across multiple loci, significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in most pig breeds, except for two Chinese pigs (Min pig and Wuzhishan pig). This deviation was in the direction of heterozygote deficit. Across population loci, 36 of 144 significantly deviated (P < 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean FST, a measure of genetic divergence among subpopulations, of all loci indicated that 26.1% of total variation could be attributed to the breed difference. Relationship trees based on the Nei's DA genetic distance and scatter diagram from principal component analysis consistently displayed pronounced genetic differentiation among the Korean wild pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig. Individual assignment test using a Bayesian method showed 100% success in assigning Korean and Chinese individual pigs into their correct breeds of origin and 100% exclusion success from all alternative reference populations at P < 0.001. These findings indicate that the Korean native pig has been experiencing progressive interbreeding with Western pig breeds after originating from a North China pig breed with a black coat color. Considering the close genetic relationship of Korean pigs to the Western breeds such as Berkshire and Landrace, our findings can be used as valuable genetic information for the preservation and further genetic improvement of the Korean native pig.     

猪水通道蛋白7基因第4内含子多态性分析

本研究旨在探讨国内外猪种水通道蛋白7(aquaporin 7,AQP7)基因多态性,以期为进一步研究猪AQP7基因与脂肪沉积性状的相关性提供理论依据。采用PCR-RFLP方法检测了猪AQP7基因第4内含子G/A在6个猪群中的多态性分布。检测结果表明,经PstⅠ酶切后发现了GG、AG和AA 3种基因型。在莱芜猪、里岔猪、鲁莱猪、杜洛克猪和大约克猪5个猪种中G均为优势等位基因,而在沂蒙猪中A为优势等位基因。χ²检验结果发现,基因型分布在莱芜猪、鲁莱猪和沂蒙猪群体达到了哈代－温伯格平衡(P>0.05),而里岔猪、杜洛克猪和大约克猪群体中均未达到平衡状态(P<0.05);不同基因型在群体间的分布差异极显著(P<0.01)。群体遗传特性分析表明,有效等位基因数在0.3084~0.4953之间,多态信息含量在0.2609~0.3726之间,属于中度多态。本研究结果提示,地方猪种、引进猪种和培育猪种AQP7基因内含子4的基因型分布存在明显差异,A等位基因作为脂肪沉积的有利等位基因尚需进一步验证。     

利用DNA条形码对海南特种野猪的鉴定研究

试验旨在探讨以猪的细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ（cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ,COXⅠ）基因的特定区段作为DNA条形码识别海南特种野猪与其他品种的可行性和有效性。以海南特种野猪、海南野猪、屯昌猪、五指山猪及长白猪为研究对象,测定其COXⅠ基因,同时在NCBI中下载已发表的具有地方代表性的13个猪品种的COXⅠ基因序列,分析海南特种野猪与其他品种的遗传多样性、遗传距离,并构建系统进化树。结果发现,猪COXⅠ基因序列长1 419 bp,5个猪品种45个个体COXⅠ基因共检测到67个变异位点,占分析位点的4.7%,其中简约信息位点22个;5个猪品种的种内遗传距离为0.001~0.019,其中海南特种野猪的种内遗传最大,为0.019;5个猪品种的种间遗传距离为0.009~0.123,其中海南特种野猪与长白猪的遗传距离最大,为0.123;海南特种野猪杂交情况比较明显,与海南本地品种五指山猪、屯昌猪和海南野猪都有聚类,与武夷黑猪、三都黑猪、陆川猪位于一个分支,另一部分与大花白猪位于一个分支,与长白猪没有聚类。本试验结果为海南特种野猪的进一步选育提供了参考依据。     

Characterization of MC1R and KIT Genotypes in Luchuan Pig Population

In order to assess the purity of Luchuan pig populations, four South Chinese local pig breeds including Putian Black pig, Yuedong Black pig, Dahuabai pig, Bama miniature pig and three foreign pig breeds including Duroc pig, Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig were studied as controls by sequencing of PCR products, MC1R and KIT genotypes in 56 Luchuan pigs were analyzed in this study. Sequencing results indicated that a splicing mutation (G>A) was presented in the first base in intron 17 of KIT gene in both Yorkshire pig and Landrace pig, in contrast, the wildtype GG of KIT gene was presented in Luchuan pig, four south Chinese local pig breeds and Duroc pig.Compared with Hainan wild boar, South Chinese local pig breeds had two missense mutations 95Val > Met and 102Leu > Pro in the coding region of MC1R gene;Compared with Yorkshire pig, Landrace pig and Duroc pig, South Chinese local pig breeds had 5 to 6 SNPs in MC1R gene 5'UTR, and in addtion, an A base deletion in MC1R gene 3'UTR. Furthermore, we found one litter of Luchuan pig with abnormal coat color.The results showed that the presentation of two distinct MC1R genotypes E^D1 and E^p in both litters and the sow,but only E^D1 in the boar. Considering E^p was derived from Pietrain pig, we preliminarily considered that the genome of the sow might be infiltrated with foreign pig breeds. In summary, we detected the genotypes of the coat color genes KIT and MC1R in eight pig breeds, confirmed the molecular differences of coat color between Chinese local pig breeds and foreign pig breeds, which could be useful for the further investigation of the molecular mechanism of pig coat color.     

不同猪种ADIPOQ基因外显子2多态性及其与山西白猪体重和体尺性状的关联分析

本研究旨在检测猪脂联素（adiponectin,ADIPOQ）基因外显子2的多态性,并分析其对山西白猪体重和体尺性状的影响。采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪、山西白猪、山西黑猪和马身猪6个猪种392个个体ADIPOQ基因外显子2的多态性,并采用GLM程序分析了ADIPOQ基因外显子2多态性与山西白猪体重和体尺性状的关联性。结果显示,在ADIPOQ基因外显子2的89 bp处检测到G→A错义突变,引起缬氨酸（Val）向异亮氨酸（Ile）的转变。ADIPOQ基因外显子2存在3种基因型：AA、AB、BB,2个等位基因：A和B。杜洛克猪中只有BB基因型,长白猪、大白猪、山西白猪和山西黑猪中BB基因型为优势基因型,马身猪中AA基因型频率最高。在引入品种长白猪、大白猪和杜洛克猪中B等位基因为优势等位基因,基因频率分别为0.96、0.96和1.00;在地方品种马身猪中A等位基因频率（0.52）略高于B等位基因（0.48）;在培育品种山西白猪和山西黑猪中B等位基因频率分别为0.76和0.78,介于引入猪种和地方品种之间。基因型频率分布在马身猪、山西白猪和山西黑猪之间无显著差异（P>0.05）,杜洛克猪与长白猪、大白猪间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,而长白猪和大白猪间差异显著（P<0.05）,任意一个引入品种与马身猪、山西白猪和山西黑猪之间的差异均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）。ADIPOQ基因外显子2多态性对断奶重有显著影响,其中BB基因型个体28日龄断奶重显著高于AA和AB基因型（P<0.05）,AA和AB基因型间无显著差异（P>0.05）,但对其他性状无显著影响,说明该位点只在个体发育早期阶段起作用。     

陆川猪MC1R和KIT基因型鉴定

为了检测陆川猪种群的纯度,本研究以4个华南地方猪种（莆田黑猪、粤东黑猪、大花白猪、巴马香猪）和3个外来猪种（杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白猪）作为对照,利用PCR测序法对陆川猪群体56个样本的MC1R和KIT基因进行基因型鉴定。测序结果表明,大白猪和长白猪KIT基因内含子17的第1个碱基发生G>A剪接突变,而陆川猪和4个华南地方猪种,以及杜洛克猪中KIT基因型一样,均为野生型的GG基因型;MC1R基因编码区分析表明,以海南野猪MC1R基因型作为参考序列,陆川猪和4个华南地方猪种在MC1R基因编码区存在95Val > Met和102Leu > Pro两个错义突变;MC1R基因非编码区分析表明,与大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪相比,陆川猪和4个华南地方猪种MC1R基因的5'UTR分别存在5~6个SNPs,3'UTR存在1个A碱基的缺失。另外,试验对一窝毛色异常的陆川猪仔猪及其亲本的KIT和MC1R基因进行测序分析,结果表明,仔猪及其亲本的KIT基因型均为GG野生型,仔猪和母本的MC1R基因均存在E^D1和E^p两种不同的基因型,父本的MC1R基因型为E^D1,因E^p对应于皮特兰猪的斑块表型,所以初步判定母本渗入了外来猪种的血统。本研究通过检测陆川猪等8个猪种的毛色相关基因KIT和MC1R基因的基因型,证实了中外猪种间在毛色遗传上的分子差异,为今后深入研究猪毛色遗传的分子调控机理提供参考。     

Genetic analysis of Mexican hairless pig populations.

The main Creole pig population in Mexico, the hairless Mexican pig, remains as an unimproved and endangered genetic resource. In order to learn more about the genetic characteristics of this pig population, we assessed the allele frequency of 10 microsatellite loci in 177 unrelated hairless pigs from seven regions at Mexico and in 111 pigs of four commercial breeds (Landrace, Large White, Hampshire, and Duroc). Genetic diversity in each population was estimated by the unbiased average heterozygosity and the allele number. Nei's standard genetic distances and a neighbor-joining dendrogram were used to reveal the genetic relationships among these populations. In this report, we present data showing that the level of the genetic diversity in Mexican hairless pigs is high compared with previous reports, and that they belong to a genetic lineage divergent from commercial breeds. Furthermore, Mexican hairless pigs seem to have developed several genetically distinct lines associated with their geographic location. We conclude that the Mexican Creole pig populations may be a reservoir of genetic diversity that is important to preserve and evaluate as a source of new alleles for the future improvement of commercial pig lines.     

猪钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白基因外显子9多态性检测及其对山西白猪背膘厚的影响

本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白猪、山西白猪、山西黑猪和马身猪6个品种共416头个体的钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(calpastatin,CAST)基因外显子9的多态性,在扩增片段内检测到5个SNPs,分别是第37位的T→G突变、150位的A→G突变、167、193和256位点的C→T突变,其中第193和256位点的C→T突变位于外显子9内,为错义突变,分别引起苏氨酸→异亮氨酸和苏氨酸→蛋氨酸的转变;5个SNPs位点形成A、B、C、D、E、F和G 7种单倍型,其分布与猪的经济类型相一致。在引入猪种大白猪和杜洛克猪群体中,有3种单倍型A、B和C,单倍型B频率较高,分别为0.40和0.53;长白猪群体中只有B和C 2种单倍型,单倍型C频率较高,为0.72;马身猪除含有A、B、C 3种单倍型外,还含有单倍型E,频率为0.16。统计分析结果表明,CAST基因单倍型类型对山西白猪6月龄活体背膘厚无显著影响。     

浙江6个地方猪种的mtDNA控制区多态性分析

本研究对淳安花猪等6个浙江地方猪种的116条mtDNA序列进行了多态性分析,参照猪群为长白猪和皖南花猪。结果显示,浙江地方猪种581 bp mtDNA控制区序列中共存在14个变异位点,群体的核苷酸多样度Pi值为0.00403±0.00036;单倍型多样度Hd值为0.835±0.018。地方猪的单倍型从Hap_5至Hap_19共15种,而长白猪为Hap_1至Hap_4。淳安花猪和皖南花猪的单倍型频率均以Hap_8为主(0.680和0.833);嘉兴黑猪以Hap_5(0.625)为主;嵊县花猪和碧湖猪均以Hap_6为主(0.500和0.375);岔路黑猪以Hap_5、Hap_8居多(0.429和0.429);金华猪有11种单倍型,频率最高的是Hap_5(0.241)。NJ系统发生树中,浙江地方猪种大致可分为5支(编号A~E),其中,淳安花猪主要出现在E支,个体数占淳安花猪样本数的68.0%(17/25);C支全为金华猪,个体数占金华猪样本数的29.3%(17/58);D支金华猪个体数占金华猪样本数的24.1%(14/58)。本研究结果表明,浙江地方猪种的mtDNA多态性较为丰富,且与长白猪在基因序列上存在明显差别。地方猪种的单倍型组成和频率与其地理分布及品种的形成特点有密切关系。     

猪催乳素受体基因第8内含子多态性及其对产仔性能的影响

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、马身猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪等6个品种364头个体催乳素受体基因(prolactin,PRLR)第8内含子的多态性,并分析了多态位点对猪头胎产仔性能的影响。结果表明,猪PRLR基因第8内含子存在多态性,共检测到A、B、C 3个等位基因和AA、AB、AC、BB、BC和CC 6种基因型。在杜洛克猪、长白猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪群体中,A等位基因的频率最高,分别为0.8276、0.5439、0.5345和0.7669;而在大白猪和马身猪群体中,B等位基因的频率最高,分别为0.6894和0.7000;仅在大白猪、山西黑猪和山西白猪中检测到C等位基因,且频率较低,在0.0379~0.1385之间。PRLR基因型对母猪头胎产仔数有显著影响(P<0.05),对产活仔数的影响未达显著水平。AC基因型母猪的头胎产仔数和产活仔数显著高于BC基因型个体,而与AA、AB和BB基因型个体差异不显著。含有A等位基因的母猪的产仔性能优于不带有A等位基因的个体,表明A等位基因是有利于母猪产仔性能提高的等位基因,可应用于标记辅助选择来提高母猪的繁殖性能。     

The Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Five Guangxi Pig Breeds and Three Exotic Pig Breeds by Analysis of mtDNA D-loop Sequences

In order to compare the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between Guangxi pig breeds and three exotic pig breeds,one pair of primers was used to amplify 85 mtDNA D-loop sequences of five Guangxi pig breeds (Bama Xiang pig,Dongshan pig,Guizhong spotted pig,Luchuan pig,Huanjiang Xiang pig),and we downloaded 45 mtDNA D-loop sequences of three exotic pig breeds (Duroc,Yorkshire,Landrace) from GenBank.Then the haplotype,genetic diversity and phylogenetics analysis were carried out.The results showed that 38 haplotypes were identified in 130 sequences,and the mean distances among Guangxi pig breeds were smaller than that among Duroc,Landrace and Guangxi pig breeds.The NJ phylogenetic tree classified all samples into two clusters.One contained all of Guangxi pig breeds and partial Yorkshire,the other was composed wholly of exotic pig breeds,which mean there were two distinct maternal origins.In the cluster of Guangxi pig breeds,Luchuan pig were clustered,and the others were rather dispersive.It indicated that Luchuan pig had simple maternal bloods,and the other breeds had complex maternal bloods,and they had gene flow with each other.The maternal pig resources in Guangxi were not affected by the introduction of exotic pig breeds,and they were still suitable for use as a female parent in their development and utilization.     

Population structure of pigs determined by single nucleotide polymorphisms observed in assembled expressed sequence tags

We have collected more than 190 000 porcine expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries and identified more than 2800 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this study, we tentatively chose 222 SNPs observed in assembled ESTs to study pigs of different breeds; 104 were selected by comparing the cDNA sequences of a Meishan pig and samples of three‐way cross pigs (Landrace, Large White, and Duroc: LWD), and 118 were selected from LWD samples. To evaluate the genetic variation between the chosen SNPs from pig breeds, we determined the genotypes for 192 pig samples (11 pig groups) from our DNA reference panel with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Of the 222 reference SNPs, 186 were successfully genotyped. A neighbor‐joining tree showed that the pig groups were classified into two large clusters, namely, Euro‐American and East Asian pig populations. F‐statistics and the analysis of molecular variance of Euro‐American pig groups revealed that approximately 25% of the genetic variations occurred because of intergroup differences. As the F_IS values were less than the F_ST values_, the clustering, based on the Bayesian inference, implied that there was strong genetic differentiation among pig groups and less divergence within the groups in our samples.     

MyoD基因在不同猪种中的分布及群体遗传结构分析

利用RFLP法检测了MyoD基因在10个中外猪种及部分杂交群体中的分布情况,分析了各群体内MyoD基因的遗传分布、遗传变异、群体杂合性等群体遗传信息,并进一步以各群体基因频率为基础,计算出群体间遗传距离和进化距离,根据进化距离对群体进行聚类,重建了系统发生树。结果表明:MyoD基因内含子1的DdeI酶切位点上不同基因型的分布在多数群体中都服从Hardy-Weinberg平衡,但在杜洛克和DLY群体中发生偏离。总体上讲,各试验群体的遗传多样性较丰富,群体遗传变异性较高,进化过程中受到自然选择压的作用,选择潜力较大。在系统发生树上,10个群体被分为4个分枝。分别是长白猪血缘、原始地方品种、杜洛克血缘和高原藏猪分枝。这一结果与各猪种的育种过程有较高的吻合性。说明部分功能基因的RFLP数据可用于近缘物种间的遗传分化研究。     

基于祖源分析的猪遗传成分鉴定

解析不同品牌猪肉的遗传成分对商业品牌的保护，防伪溯源及中国地方猪种的改良和开发具有重要参考价值。从市场上选取4种不同来源的猪肌肉组织通过全基因组重测序，并结合已发表的59头猪的数据，对其祖先成分进行分析，推测它们祖先可能的来源及其各祖先成分的含量。利用线粒体基因组数据判断4头猪的母系来源，揭示可能的母系来源。59头参考个体包含12个品种，分别是杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、皮特兰猪、二花脸猪、金华猪、姜曲海猪、梅山猪、巴马香猪、陆川猪、五指山猪和香猪。将12个品种划分为商品猪、中国东部猪和中国南方猪。研究中，利用ADMIXTURE和RFMix软件分别对4头测试个体进行祖先成分的评估。设定4头测试个体的祖先群体为3类时，发现其中一头含有54.8%的商品猪成分和45.2%的中国南方猪成分，另一头含有81.3%的商品猪成分，而剩下的两头含有的商品猪成分占到97.0%以上。设定祖先群体为12类时，发现其中一头含有64.8%的杜洛克猪成分和35.2%的陆川猪成分；另一头含有的祖先成分比较复杂，长白猪的含量为22.5%，大白猪的含量为27.6%，五指山猪的含量为8.6%，二花脸猪的含量为5.5%，梅山猪、姜曲海猪和巴马香猪的含量均在1.2%左右；而剩余两头猪的祖先成分主要是杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪和皮特兰猪。另外，线粒体的祖源判断提示其中一头猪的母系来源可能是陆川猪或相近地方品种的母猪。通过常用的祖源分析方法对4头猪进行祖先血统成分的估计，发现4头猪的遗传成分各不相同，并能清晰地知道不同个体中祖先成分及占比。该研究结果证明通过祖源分析的方法可以估算每个测试个体的遗传成分来源。使用祖源成分作为遗传特征，可为品牌猪肉的鉴定和品牌保护提供重要的遗传学参考，也可以为中国地方猪品种的保护、开发提供指导和参考。     

不同猪种肉质相关基因Hal、RN和FTO的多态性研究

为了明确肉质相关基因氟烷基因(Hal)、酸肉基因(RN)和脂肪肥胖相关基因(FTO)在国内外不同猪种群体间的遗传变异特性,本研究以大约克、长白、杜洛克和金华猪等猪种群体为研究对象,应用PCR-RFLP技术分别检测了Hal、RN和FTO基因的多态性,并分析了FTO基因上2个多态位点g.276G＞T和c.594C＞G的遗传变异情况.结果表明:(1)在杜洛克猪中发现了Hal的基因型HalN Haln,其频率为0.166,但未发现基因型Haln Haln,其它猪种群体中仅检测到了基因型HalN HalN;(2)在已检测的所有猪种群体中只检测到RN基因的rn/rn基因型,未发现rn/RN和RN/RN基因型;(3)在FTO的g.276G＞T位点上,金华猪呈现单态,其它猪种群体均呈现多态.在FTO的c.594C＞G位点上,4个猪种群体均呈现多态,3个外来猪种群体均以CC基因型频率较高,而金华猪则以GG基因型频率较高.研究结果提示,由于Hal基因在养猪生产中的利弊双重性,因此在某些猪种群体中仍然存在较高频率的HalN Haln基因型.此外,结合FTO基因的生理功能和已有的研究结果,可在特定的猪群中将其作为影响猪肉质性状的候选基因.本研究发现FTO的基因型分布在我国优良地方猪种金华猪与国外3个种猪群间存在较大差异,为深入研究不同品种猪的肉质形成机理提供了基础数据.     

浦东白猪遗传多样性及繁殖性能的变化分析

试验旨在研究浦东白猪现存群体的遗传多样性及其繁殖性能变化的原因。利用全基因组范围内的遗传标记（SNPs）,对比6个太湖流域地方品种及3个西方引进品种,对浦东白猪的遗传多样性进行了分析。同时利用落入繁殖候选基因内的SNPs,分析了群体的多样性及结构。结果显示,相较于本研究中所选择的太湖流域地方品种及西方引进品种,浦东白猪的遗传多样性较太湖流域地方品种低;除枫泾猪外,浦东白猪繁殖相关SNPs的多态性标记的比例、期望杂合度最低,等位基因丰度仅高于杜洛克猪;主成分分析（PCA）结果揭示浦东白猪繁殖相关SNPs位点仍具有其群体独特性。研究结果揭示了浦东白猪现存群体遗传多样性较低,繁殖性能的退化可能是由于一些有利等位基因的灭绝、繁殖相关基因多态性及个体杂合性的降低所致。但是浦东白猪仍然携带一定数量的有利等位基因且依旧具有其群体独特性,暗示浦东白猪仍具有较高的保种价值。本研究为浦东白猪后期的选育、保种和开发利用提供了一定的参考。     

不同猪种ESR基因多态性的PCR-RFLP分析

运用PCR-RFLP方法,检测了杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、皮特兰、梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪、荣昌猪、苏太猪等9个国内外猪种的ESR基因PvuⅡ位点多态性。结果表明,在约克夏猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪和苏太猪中检测到了AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,在杜洛克猪、皮特兰猪中检测到AB、BB 2种基因型,在长白猪、梅山猪、荣昌猪中只检测到了AB基因型。在本研究中不同品种的A、B基因频率差异显著,总体上在国外猪群体中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而地方猪种中B等位基因为优势等位基因。