4种不同品种石榴的叶表皮特征电镜扫描观察(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent.     

Electronic Scanning of Uterine Endometrium in Postpartun Cow

Two postpartum cows were used to study the ultrastructural changes of uterine endometrium by using scanning electron microscope,The results showed that the process of repair of uterine endometrium after calv-ing was demonstrated by scanning electron microscope through a series of endometrium biopsy.Some part of the endometrium was damaged after calving and its adjacent endometrium cells became necrosis and exfoliated during the first 7days post-partum;the cilium and microvillus of the epithelial cell in the umdamaged area of the endomketrium disappeared,By26days postpartum the damaged area reduced and the cilium and microvillus increased in their numbers.The damaged tissues were all repaired by day60postpartum.     

Pathogenicity of Septoria carvi Syd. towards Caraway Carum carvi L, （Apiaceae）

Septoria carvi belong to the fungi recently detected on caraway plants in the Polish climatic conditions. In many European countries, this fungus causes significant losses in caraway cultivation and decreases the quality and quantity of the herb material. The aim of the present work was to study the fungus harmfulness towards the sowing materials, stems, leaves and umbels of caraway. The pathogenicity tests according to Koch＇s postulates were carried out for isolates ofS. carvi using post-culture liquids and a water suspension of conidia to inoculate the plants＇ parts. The studies were conducted in the laboratory, the climatic chamber and in field conditions. S. carvi caused disease symptoms in the form of spots and necrosis on all tested plants organs. The infection was followed by natural openings what was shown by scanning electron microscope （SEM） microscopic observations. The efficiency of inoculation increased injuries and anatomical dipping of plant epidermal tissue. The study showed the ability for asymptomatic S. carvi colonization of inoculated plants＇ parts. The performed pathogenicity tests and microscopic observations SEM showed that the tested isolates of S. carvi were occasional pathogens of caraway.     

Effect of Potassium on Ultrastructure of Maize Stalk Pith and Young Root and Their Relation to Stalk Rot Resistance

To study the mechanism of potassium （K） application on improvement of maize resistance to stalk rot at cellular level, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the effect of K on the ultrastructure of maize stalk pith tissue and young root tip cell influenced by K and pathogen. In K deficient treatment, parenchyma cells of stalk pith had abnormal structure, and the cell wall between upper and lower adjacent cell was damaged, resulting in the loss of connections between vascular cells and insufficient supporting capacity. However, an improved K nutrition helped to keep a quite tight arrangement of root cell with thick cell wall, and prevent the invasion of pathogen effectively. Moreover, K treated root cell had abundant golgi apparatus, which could excrete large amount of secretions to degrade mycelium. Papillary and highly electronic intensity dot were accumulated at the invading point to prevent the deveJopment of the mycelium. Improved K nutrition could increase the resistant ability of maize plant to stalk rot, through keeping cell structure stability, preventing the expansion of intracellular space to reduce the chances of pathogen invasions, and through reinforcing cell wall and formation of intercellular and intracellular material to restrict further development of pathogen in host cell.     

Antifungal Activity of Chitosan on Fusarium sulphureum in Relation to Dry Rot of Potato Tuber

The antifungal activity of chitosan on Fusarium sulphureum in relation to the inhibitory effect on dry rot of potato tuber was investigated. The results showed spore germination and mycelial growth of F. sulphureum were inhibited by chitosan treatment and the inhibitory effect was highly correlated with chitosan concentration used in this study. Morphological changes such as intertwisting hyphal, distortion, and swelling with excessive branching were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） observation further indicated the ultrastructural alterations of hyphae. These changes included abnormal distribution of cytoplasma, non-membraneous inclusion bodies assembling in cytoplasm, considerable thickening of the hyphal cellular walls, and very frequent septation with malformed septa. Application of chitosan at higher concentration caused serious damage to fungal hyphae, including cellular membrane disorganisation, cell wall disruption, and breaking of inner cytoplast. New hyphae （daughter hyphae） inside the collapsed hyphal cells was often detected in the cytoplasm of chitosan-treated hyphae. In vivo tests showed that chitosan treatment at 0.5 or 1% effectively controlled the dry rot of potato tuber inoculated with a spore suspension ofF. sulphureum. However, the chitosan treatment at 1% caused phytotoxicity to potato tuber. This study suggests that the use of chitosan could be a promising handling as a natural fungicide to partially substitute for the synthetic fungicides in potato tuber.     

野桑蚕中肠组织cDNA文库的构建及丝氨酸蛋白酶基因片段的克隆与序列分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to construct cDNA library of midgut tissue of wild silkworm and isolate the serine protease gene. [Method] The midgut tissue-specific cDNA library of wild silkworm was constructed via cDNA Library Construction Kit (TaKaRa), then the serine protease gene was cloned via sequencing of the yielded cDNA library. [Result] The titer of cDNA library reached 6.2×105 pfu/ml, average insert size was about 1.2 kb. The serine protease gene cDNA fragment was obtained from colony sequencing (Accession No: EU672968). The nucleotide sequence of the cloned 854 bp fragment encodes 284 amino acid residues. Homology analyses showed some homology between putative amino acid sequence of the cloned fragment and amino acid sequences of serine proteases from other ten insects. [Conclusion] The results may avail to reveal the resistance of silkworm and wild silkworm to exotic intrusion.     

Study on the Morphology,Particle Size and Thermal Properties of Vitamin A Microencapsulated by Starch Octenylsucciniate

The morphology,particle size distribution and thermal properties of microcapsules were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,laser diffraction particle size analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.Vitamin A was used as model core material,HI-CAP 100（starch octenylsucciniate,OSA-starch） was used as wall material and prepared by spray drying.When emulsions were prepared with 40%（w/v） solution of total solids concentration at the core/wall material ratios of 40%（w/w）,the microencapsulation efficiency（ME） was（96.38 ± 0.71）%.Microcapsules exhibited spherical shapes with characteristic dents as evidence by SEM.With the vibrating frequency of the centrifugal granulation from 40,35,30,25 to 20 Hz,the volume diameter（D4,3） was 66.58,71.44,85.61,94.08,and 153.45 μm,respectively.Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） results revealed that the glass transition temperature（Tg） and melting temperature（Tm） were 56.355 and 208.300°C,respectively.Vitamin A microcapsules produced with HI-CAP 100 exhibited spherical shapes with characteristic dents,which was attributed to drying and cooling solidification involved during spray-drying.The vibrating frequency of the centrifugal granulation had effect on the particle size distribution of microcapsules（P 〈 0.05）.The storage and heating stability of microcapsules was well by thermal properties.     

大豆体细胞胚胎发生系统组织学研究(英文)

Soybean somatic cell could induce the development of embryoid which was similar to embryo morphologically and structurally. Somatic embryogenesis system of soybean was used to conduct genetic transformation of soybean because of its several advantages such as higher transformational efficiency,beetter synchronism and fewer plant chimeras among transgenic plants. After infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens,the initiation,differentiation and development of young cotyledon embryogenic cell of soybean which was cultured on selective culture medium with kanamycin were investigated through histological study. The result showed that somatic embryo was differentiated in non-bud differentiation way. The embryogenic cells were differentiated from epidermis of explant or cells in 1 layer or 2 layers,with the division of embryogenic cells and degradation and disorganization of surrounding cells,the embryogenic cells would form embryoid with analogous suspensor structure.Later,globular embryoid would extrude from epidermis then developed into heart-shape embryo.The experiment was expected to provide theoretical reference for the construction of high transformational system of using plant somatic embryogenesis induced by young cotyledon of soybean.     

Histological Study on Soybean Somatic Embryogenesis

Soybean somatic cell could induce the development of embryoid which was similar to embryo morphologically and structurally. Somatic embryogenesis system of soybean was used to conduct genetic transformation of soybean because of its several advantages such as higher transformational efficiency,beetter synchronism and fewer plant chimeras among transgenic plants. After infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens,the initiation,differentiation and development of young cotyledon embryogenic cell of soybean which was cultured on selective culture medium with kanamycin were investigated through histological study. The result showed that somatic embryo was differentiated in non-bud differentiation way. The embryogenic cells were differentiated from epidermis of explant or cells in 1 layer or 2 layers,with the division of embryogenic cells and degradation and disorganization of surrounding cells,the embryogenic cells would form embryoid with analogous suspensor structure.Later,globular embryoid would extrude from epidermis then developed into heart-shape embryo.The experiment was expected to provide theoretical reference for the construction of high transformational system of using plant somatic embryogenesis induced by young cotyledon of soybean.     

不同条件对绒山羊体外培养初级毛囊生长的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for illustrating the biological characteristics and growth regulation mechanism of hair follicles.[Method]Cashmere goat primary hair follicles were separated under aseptic condition and cultured in serum-free DMEM and serum-free Williams E media respectively;subsequently,the growth rate and morphological changes were observed under the inverted microscope.[Result]Hair follicles cultured in serum-free DMEM media showed a growth rate of 0.034 mm/d during the first 3 days,whose structure and morphological characteristics could maintian a stable status for a long time in the growth process.Hair follicles grew much faster in the serum-free Williams E media with a growth rate of 0.077 mm/d during the first 3 days.[Conclusion]There were significant differences(P<0.05)between the growth of cashmere goat hair follicles cultured in the 2 kinds of media.Serum-free Williams E medium was superior to serum-free DMEM medium.     

葛仙米表层结构的扫描电子显微镜观察

[目的]探寻观察葛仙米表层结构的新方法。[方法]利用扫描电镜技术,对野生葛仙米与室内培育葛仙米表皮超微结构进行观察。[结果]野生与室内培育葛仙米表皮都呈网状交错排列的纤丝胶质混合结构特征,不同的是室内规模培育葛仙米群体表皮外层有藻丝分布,而野生葛仙米表皮外层未见藻丝分布。10μm以下的葛仙米群体表皮质感厚实,呈现出很多皱纹,扭曲。[结论]扫描电子显微镜技术是研究葛仙米群体发育的有效工具,值得推广。     

葛仙米表层结构的扫描电子显微镜观察

近年来由于全球气候变化和土壤生态环境改变等原因导致葛仙米产量大大降低。现已有葛仙米室内规模批量培育生产,但室内培养的葛仙米在生长过程中容易发生破裂,且其群体韧性要比野生葛仙米群体弱、其所含蛋白质与维生素含量均比野生葛仙米低。因此,笔者运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察野生葛仙米和室内规模葛仙米表层结构,了解两者的区别,同时为葛仙米表层结构观察找寻新方法。     

微波提取葛仙米多糖及其抑癌作用研究

[目的]为葛仙米的药用和食用价值研发提供科学依据和理论参考。[方法]通过微波辅助法优化葛仙米多糖提取工艺,并采用MTT法对葛仙米多糖的抑癌活性进行研究。[结果]葛仙米多糖的最佳提取条件为微波功率450 W,微波辐射时间3 min,料水比1∶10g/ml,多糖得率9.1%。随着葛仙米水提液浓度的升高,对HCT-116细胞增殖抑制率不断增强,对HCT-116细胞生长抑制的IC50为18mg/ml。[结论]微波辅助提取葛仙米多糖工艺合理可信,且葛仙米多糖对HCT-116细胞的增殖具有较好的抑制作用,抑癌功效突出。     

田间合理施用尿素防止野生葛仙米减产的研究

分析了尿素的负效应葛仙米对尿素的敏感性,并介绍了尿素产品、特点及使用,提出了在葛仙米产区合理使用尿素为高产野生葛仙米生产服务的想法。     

发状念珠藻POD和EST同工酶研究

[目的]通过分析野生的和液体培养的发状念珠藻的过氧化物酶（POD）和酯酶（EST）同工酶,了解其在遗传物质表达和生理代谢方面存在的差异。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳法对野生的和液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞的POD和EST同工酶进行分析与比较。[结果]POD同工酶谱分析表明,野生发状念珠藻细胞有4条带,其Rf值分别为0.400、0.709、0.764和0.929;液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞只有2条带,其Rf值分别为0.736和0.929。EST同工酶谱分析表明,野生发状念珠藻细胞有2条带,其Rf值为0.397和0.559;液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞有3条带,其Rf值分别为0.296、0.397和0.458。[结论]野生的与液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞在POD和EST电泳图谱上存在一定差异,以野生发状念珠藻的POD同工酶酶谱带数多,酶活性强。     

葛仙米提取物诱导肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡的活性研究

[目的]研究葛仙米提取物诱导肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡的活性。[方法]采用二甲基四氮唑蓝（MTT）法测定细胞存活率,形态学法观察凋亡的特征性变化,AnnexinV/PI双染及PI单染流式细胞术法检测凋亡率。[结果]经不同浓度提取物作用后,HepG2细胞的生长受到显著抑制,并呈现时间-浓度依赖关系趋势。观察细胞形态,发现有凋亡特征性变化。AnnexinV/PI双染结果显示,癌细胞早期凋亡率随提取物浓度的升高而显著增高,最高可达79.2%。PI法同样显示凋亡的发生,其凋亡峰最大比率为9.6%,显著高于对照组。[结论]葛仙米甲醇提取物能够诱导肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡。     

拟南芥二氧化碳突变体生理特性的分析

通过远红外成像技术,笔者获得了2个对CO2有反应的拟南芥突变体：二氧化碳敏感突变体（cdsl）和二氧化碳不敏感突变体（cdil）,通过对这2个突变体和拟南芥野生型一些生理特性的分析,探索它们之间的表型差异,以期为进一步的基因功能分析提供思路。同时对突变基因的克隆和功能分析,也会对研究在全球CO2日益增高的环境中提高作物的适应性提供一定的理论基础和研究遗传材料。     

拟南芥二氧化碳突变体生理特性的分析

[目的]对2个已获得的拟南芥突变体：二氧化碳敏感突变体（cds1）和二氧化碳不敏感突变体（cdi1）进行一些生理特性分析,寻找它们同野生型之间的差异表型。[方法]利用表皮条生物学试验方法对拟南芥野生型和突变体叶片进行气孔开度、气孔密度和叶片失水率测定,同时采用培养基中添加脱落酸（ABA）、甘露醇（Man）和NaC l作为胁迫处理测定种子萌发率。[结果]2个突变体气孔密度同野生型基本一致,而气孔开度和叶片失水率则有明显差异。此外,种子萌发试验也表明cdi1对外源ABA、甘露醇和NaC l不敏感,而cds1则刚好相反。[结论]2个突变体同野生型之间生理特性存在一定的差异。     

不同生长阶段野生和养殖大刺鳅营养成分的比较

[目的]探讨野生和养殖大刺鳅不同生长阶段的营养需求。[方法]采用国标生化分析方法对野生和养殖大刺鳅幼鱼期、性未成熟期和成鱼期的一般营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行比较。[结果]野生和养殖大刺鳅幼鱼和成鱼肌肉中的水分、钙含量呈下降趋势,野生大刺鳅均高于养殖大刺鳅;粗蛋白、粗脂肪和磷含量均呈增加趋势,养殖大刺鳅的粗蛋白和磷含量均高于野生大刺鳅。野生和养殖大刺鳅3个生长阶段肌肉中氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为93.19、97.59、96.41和96.25、92.36、95.88,养殖大刺鳅的鲜味氨基酸总量均高于野生群体。脂肪酸含量在不同生长阶段变动较大,野生和养殖大刺鳅的幼鱼期、性未成熟期、成鱼期均含有较高比例的不饱和脂肪酸,其含量分别占脂肪酸总量的52.17%、68.75%、69.23%和75.34%、74.67%、74.25%。[结论]野生与养殖大刺鳅蛋白质含量较高,均含有丰富的氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的营养与食用价值。养殖大刺鳅的肌肉营养价值优于野生大刺鳅。     

藏药桃儿七的快繁体系及其鬼臼毒素含量分析

[目的]建立藏药桃儿七的组培-移栽体系,并比较野生桃儿七与组培桃儿七的根茎中鬼臼毒素的含量差异。[方法]以藏药桃儿七种子为外植体诱导愈伤组织,将组培苗炼苗移栽,并利用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)测定野生品桃儿七与组培品桃儿七的根茎中鬼臼毒素的含量。[结果]桃儿七带胚种段在MS+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L GA3培养基上愈伤诱导率最好,达33.33%;组培苗在蛭石基质中存活较好,成活率可达80%以上;西藏野生品桃儿七根茎中鬼臼毒素含量为1.01%,组培品中含量为0.087%。[结论]通过组织培养可在不破坏野生资源的前提下生产鬼臼毒素,该研究为桃儿七引种栽培提供了试验指导。