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郁金香和百合是最重要的百合科球根花卉。病害是制约郁金香和百合产业健康发展的重要因素。本文介绍了国内为害郁金香和百合的主要病害和病原。国内为害郁金香和百合的主要病原真菌有镰刀菌、灰霉和炭疽菌;主要病原细菌有萎蔫短小杆菌、果胶杆菌属和迪基氏属软腐细菌;主要病毒有郁金香碎色病毒、百合斑驳病毒、百合无症病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒等RNA病毒。主要植物病原线虫有短体线虫、茎线虫和滑刃线虫。线虫取食伤害郁金香和百合的根、鳞茎和芽,促进病原真菌和细菌对植物的复合侵染;毛刺属和拟毛刺属线虫除侵害郁金香和百合,还作为介体向植物传播烟草脆裂病毒。为害郁金香和百合的线虫,南芥菜花叶病毒、草莓潜隐环斑病毒和番茄环斑病毒等RNA病毒是与郁金香和百合相关的主要进境检疫性有害生物。本文也介绍了鉴定这些病原的常规方法和新方法,为建立郁金香和百合主要病原的检测检疫体系提供技术理论支持。 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病是我国红麻上的一种主要病害,作者在湖南、浙江、广东和广西等主产麻区对该病的分布与为害,病原线虫种类曾作过调查和防治试验,现借鉴浙江经验,整理记述于下,供进一步研究和参考。 为害情况 红麻根结线虫为害麻株根部,病株根系产生许多大小不等的疣状物,引致叶黄,株矮,生育不良,并易遭菌类侵染引起根腐,加速麻株死亡。 相似文献
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近年来,我国从北美进口了大量木材,随着木材的输入,许多具有毁灭性的林木害虫很可能传入我国,对此,我们应引起高度警惕,加强对木材害虫的检疫。作者参阅了近年来美国森林害虫的发生情况和我国部分口岸截获资料及现已发表的有关木材害虫的文献,依据弗尼斯(Furniss)和卡罗琳(Carolin,1977)编著的《北美西部森林害虫》编译此文。主要介绍 相似文献
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河北省应用涕灭威防治花生、甘薯线虫病的现状刘信义(河北省农科院植保所保定071000)植物线虫是侵染性病害的主要病原之一,它对植物的为害多在地下,除吸取寄主的营养物并对植株造成机械损伤外,还破坏植物的正常代谢机能,造成发育不良、黄化矮缩、组织病变,重... 相似文献
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绿玉树是一种集药用、观赏等多用途于一体的树种,病害的发生严重影响了绿玉树在重庆试种期间的健康生长。病害调查和病原鉴定结果表明:试种期间危害最严重的病害是灰霉病和根结线虫病。其中灰霉病由葡萄孢霉(Botrytis sp.)危害所致,可使绿玉树的各个部位发生水渍状腐烂,上生灰色霉层,持续阴雨有利于病害的发生和流行。南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)为害引起根结线虫病,使绿玉树根部组织过度生长形成瘤状根结。发生严重可导致根部坏死腐烂。 相似文献
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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is traditionally present in most European countries as an ornamental tree, and in Southern Europe in particular it is grown for both fruit and wood. Since the 1980s, to supply the increasing demand for walnut timber, large areas of southern and central Europe, from France to Hungary, have been planted with black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) to provide wood for furniture production. The fungus Geosmithia morbida and its vector Pityophthorus juglandis, causing the thousand cankers disease of walnut in the USA in the last 2 decades, were recently reported in Europe (in Italy) on both walnut species. Thousand cankers disease can have a high negative impact on the landscape and economy of many agricultural and forest areas. Following a detailed pest risk analysis performed by EPPO in 2015, both organisms were included in the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests. The main biological, epidemiological and monitoring aspects of thousand cankers disease and its status in Europe are reported. 相似文献
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A survey for Bursaphelenchus spp. in pine forests in Norway 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wood samples from pine trees were taken from 429 sites throughout Norway. The samples were selected as being either from (1) healthy trees, (2) trees suffering from stress, either physical or pathological or (3) dead trees. Nematodes were recovered from 39% of samples, most from dead wood and least from healthy trees. Species of Bursaphelenchus were recovered from 12% of dead trees and 5% of stressed trees, but were never found in healthy wood. B. mucronatus was found at just one site and in this sample it was associated with Monochamus sutor , only one of two sites at which the beetle was detected. Based on the information gained from the survey and from other sources, an assessment is made of the risk of introduction of B. xylophilus from outside Europe on imported wood and its survival, spread and disease potential in European forests. 相似文献
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J. RAUTAP 《EPPO Bulletin》1986,16(3):453-456
In 1984 a heavy Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infestation was observed in pinewood chips imported from USA and Canada into Finland. Because there are good reasons to suppose that B. xylophilus, if spread to pine forests in North Europe, can cause significant damage, the import of coniferous wood into Finland has been prohibited since autumn 1984. In surveys B. xylophilus has not been found in roundwood or in chips imported from European countries into Finland. Neither has B. xylophilus been detected in Finnish pine trees around harbours nor in paper mills handling North American wood. 相似文献
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双条杉天牛在陕西省的风险分析和管理对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双条杉天牛(Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky)属鞘翅目(Coleoptera)天牛科(Cerambycidae),是柏科树木上毁灭性蛀干害虫之一。该天牛主要以幼虫危害侧柏、杜松、圆柏等常绿树种,已经给我国很多地区造成了严重的经济和生态损失。目前双条杉天牛已在陕西部分地区危害,为了明确双条杉天牛在陕西省的风险等级,以制定相应管理对策。本研究依据原国家林业局林业有害生物风险分析指标体系及赋分标准,对双条杉天牛在陕西省的风险性进行了综合评估分析。结果表明:双条杉天牛在陕西的风险综合评价值R=2.28,该天牛在陕西省属于高度危险性有害生物。针对双条杉天牛在陕西省的高度危险性,提出了加强检疫、全面普查监测、实施分区防治和加强疫区治理的管理措施。本研究为陕西控制和管理该有害生物提供了基础资料和理论依据。 相似文献
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