Crb1在小鼠生后不同发育阶段子宫组织中的表达

应用HE染色方法和免疫荧光组织化学技术对小鼠生后不同发育阶段子宫组织结构的发育以及极性调控蛋白Crb1的定位表达进行了研究,结果显示,随个体发育,子宫管腔及子宫腺腔不断扩大,子宫内膜上皮持续增厚、固有层内子宫腺逐渐发达;4周龄时子宫腔面出现纤毛,随发育进程越来越发达;在各发育阶段的小鼠子宫组织中均有Crb1的表达,随个体发育表达呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,在8周龄时达到最强;Crb1主要定位于子宫内膜上皮细胞和子宫腺上皮细胞的胞膜和胞质,提示Crb1可能与小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞和腺上皮细胞的极性建立和维持有关。     

公山羊β防御素104a生物信息学分析及表达特性研究

旨在预测山羊β防御素104a蛋白质特性,研究其在成年公山羊生殖组织及其他组织中的表达特性及其定位。采用在线软件对gBD104a基因(KJ508074.1)进行生物信息学分析,用QRT-PCR法检测gBD104amRNA在睾丸、附睾及其他组织中的表达情况,用免疫荧光技术对生殖组织和精子中的gBD104a进行定位。结果,(1)生物信息学分析结果表明gBD104a基因cDNA全长324bp,编码107个氨基酸,第1~19个氨基酸为信号肽,第27~55个氨基酸为潜在的β防御素构象区域,在C端有7个潜在的O糖基化位点;(2)QRT-PCR结果表明,gBD104a在附睾体中表达量最高,在附睾头、气管、皱胃、空肠、回肠等组织中表达量较高,其他组织中表达量均较低;(3)免疫组化定位结果显示,在附睾头和体部的假复层纤毛柱状上皮细胞检测到较强的gBD104a阳性信号,在附睾尾部的纤毛柱状上皮细胞也检测到较强的阳性信号。gBD104a包裹在精子头部顶体和中段线粒体表面。gBD104a是一种分泌型糖蛋白,在成年公山羊机体各组织中广泛表达,但主要表达在附睾体,是精子表面的主要成分。推测可能与精子运动、顶体反应和获能有关。需要进一步深入研究其功能。     

山羊Lcn5的表达特点及其在繁殖器官中定位

为探明附睾视黄酸结合蛋白5(Lcn 5)mRNA在公山羊体组织及不同月龄附睾中的表达特性,及其在睾丸、附睾和精子中的定位。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测18种组织和不同月龄附睾Lcn5mRNA表达规律;利用蛋白印迹技术对成年公羊睾丸和附睾Lcn 5蛋白表达进行定量分析;利用免疫组化技术对5月龄公羊睾丸和附睾Lcn 5进行定位,利用免疫荧光技术对精子Lcn 5进行定位。Lcn5mRNA在不同组织中均有表达,其中在性腺中的表达量最高,附睾头附睾尾附睾体睾丸;在5月龄前附睾的Lcn5mRNA表达量随月龄逐渐升高,5月龄时达到最高,随后又逐渐降低。Western blotting结果显示,Lcn 5蛋白表达量:附睾头附睾尾附睾体睾丸,支持了Lcn5mRNA定量的结果。免疫组化结果显示,5月龄山羊在附睾管壁的柱状细胞、纤毛细胞检测到较强Lcn 5蛋白表达的阳性信号,附睾尾管腔检测到较强的阳性信号。在睾丸各级生精细胞中也检测到了微弱阳性信号。Lcn 5蛋白包裹在精子头部顶体帽上。Lcn5在山羊附睾中高度表达,其表达具有时空特异性,推测其在精子成熟和维持正常生理功能方面发挥重要作用,其生物学功能需要进一步深入研究。     

不同繁殖季节成年牦牛附睾组织特征比较

为比较不同繁殖季节成年牦牛附睾组织结构特征变化,应用苏木精-曙红常规染色、Masson's和Gomori's特殊组织化学染色方法比较不同繁殖季节牦牛（6头繁殖期成年牦牛和9头繁殖间期成年牦牛）附睾的组织结构特点并用IPP图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果显示,与繁殖间期相比,繁殖期附睾尾间质胶原纤维和网状纤维较附睾头及附睾体明显增多;附睾头和附睾体柱状上皮厚度显著增加（P<0.05）,附睾头纤毛长度增加显著（P<0.05）;附睾头和附睾尾管腔内径及外径显著增高（P<0.05）;但是附睾尾管腔外径繁殖期与繁殖间期相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。本研究结果表明,成年牦牛附睾管外围网状纤维与胶原纤维分布一致,二者在附睾尾较为丰富,可能与其较强的收缩能力及精子运输有关;柱状纤毛上皮高度及纤毛长度、管腔内径与外径的变化与其所处的不同繁殖季节密切相关,附睾管腔的膨大和回缩亦可能是高原地区季节性繁殖的哺乳动物中一种普遍存在的现象。     

雄激素受体基因在绵羊公羔不同组织中的表达特性及性腺中的定位

旨在研究雄激素受体(Androgen receptors,ARs)基因在绵羊公羔不同组织中的表达特性及在性腺中的定位。本研究以QRT-PCR法检测各组织ARmRNA表达规律,免疫组化技术对睾丸和附睾中AR进行定位分析,蛋白质印迹技术对AR蛋白表达量进行定性研究。结果显示:(1)AR在不同组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中在睾丸和心脏中大量表达;(2)在附睾头、体、尾部单层柱状上皮细胞和间质细胞中检测到较弱的阳性信号;睾丸组织间质细胞、精原细胞、管周肌样细胞检测到强阳性信号。综上表明:AR在绵羊不同组织中广泛表达,AR在性腺的发育和精子的成熟过程以及对心脏的保护方面发挥重要作用,其作用机制需进一步研究。     

诱导发情后母犬生殖器官组织学及组织化学观察

为了进一步探讨犬的生殖生理学,试验以诱导发情后母犬生殖器官为试验材料,采用组织学和组织化学技术,观察了诱导发情后母犬卵巢、输卵管和子宫的形态学特点。结果表明:诱导发情后犬卵巢外观呈葡萄串状,镜下可见大量黄体、少量原始卵泡和初级卵泡;诱导发情后母犬输卵管壁由黏膜层、肌层和外膜构成,黏膜上皮主要是由纤毛上皮细胞、分泌细胞构成的单层柱状上皮,黏膜固有层可见由纤毛上皮和分泌细胞围绕形成的管状腺,PAS反应可见分泌细胞的游离面和管状腺内有少量的阳性物质;诱导发情后母犬子宫壁由黏膜、肌层和外膜构成,黏膜上皮是单层柱状上皮,黏膜固有层内可见由单层柱状上皮构成发达的管状腺,子宫黏膜上皮细胞内含有少量PAS阳性物质,表面覆盖一层PAS阳性物质,而腺腔内含大量PAS阳性物质。     

雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存结构的研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,系统观察雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存情况,显示与精子储存有关组织结构与细胞形态。结果表明,精子储存在雌性中华鳖输卵管的蛋白分泌部后部至子宫部,但各段的组织结构及精子储存量存在一定差别。蛋白分泌部后部上皮较发达,由典型的高柱状纤毛细胞和分泌细胞构成,固有膜中腺体多为泡状腺。上皮和腺体中含有大量高密度的膜性分泌颗粒,此段只有少量的精子储存。峡部较窄且固有膜内无腺体,上皮排列紧密并呈迷路样迂回分布,上皮细胞内高电子密度分泌颗粒成团集中分布在核上方。峡部管腔中分布着大量的精子,靠近管腔的精子或精子头部嵌入上皮纤毛之间或顶端凹陷的胞质中,且精子嵌入部分的细胞结构保持完整。子宫前部形成垂直于管腔的储精小管(SST),子宫上皮及此段SST上皮的分泌颗粒电子密度不均,含高密度电子致密斑,腺体中的分泌颗粒也呈现不同的内部结构。子宫部及SST的管腔中储存有大量精子。这些区段复杂的细胞结构及分泌活动,可能在精子储存中发挥重要作用。     

犬正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓的子宫和卵巢组织结构及乳铁蛋白表达的对比

本研究旨在探明犬子宫和卵巢在正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓时，其组织结构及乳铁蛋白（lactoferrin，LF）表达的变化特征。应用Masson’s、VVG、PAS组织化学染色方法观察乏情期、发情期、患子宫蓄脓时犬子宫及卵巢的组织结构特点，用免疫组织化学SP法观察LF的分布特征。结果显示，正常发情期犬：乏情期、发情期子宫内膜肌层厚度比分别为0.762 0、0.924 3；乏情期子宫固有层中胶原纤维含量大于发情期，发情期卵巢中胶原纤维含量大于乏情期；子宫血管层及卵巢血管内弹性膜清晰完整；子宫腺在乏情期时浅层管腔小，深层较大、腺管上皮为单层柱状上皮、上皮细胞及管腔内PAS阳性反应较强，发情期子宫腺管腔变大、腺管上皮为单层立方上皮、上皮细胞及管腔内有PAS阳性反应；子宫黏膜上皮在乏情期和发情期均为单层柱状上皮，但胞核位置不同，乏情期胞核位于中央，发情期胞核位于顶部。患子宫蓄脓犬：子宫内膜肌层厚度比为1.615 0；子宫固有层和卵巢中胶原纤维含量少于正常发情期；子宫腺管腔大，且形状不规则，管腔内有炎性细胞浸润，腺管上皮为单层立方上皮，有淋巴细胞位于基膜，上皮细胞及管腔内PAS阳性反应较弱；子宫血管层及卵巢血管内弹性膜较正常发情期变薄，且有断裂现象；子宫黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，胞核位于基底。LF在乏情期子宫腺上皮和卵巢中的表达水平高于发情期，而在子宫黏膜上皮中发情期的表达水平高于乏情期。患子宫蓄脓时犬子宫和卵巢中LF的表达水平均较低。综上表明，犬正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓时的子宫和卵巢组织结构特点显著不同，LF的表达水平也存在差异。     

山羊胎期肺发育的形态学研究

对3～22周龄山羊胎儿肺进行了肉眼、光镜和透射电镜观察，结果表明：1．7～22周龄山羊胎儿肺的外部形态与胎龄无关，肺的外部形态以左二右四叶者为多见．肺的叶间裂和右肺副裂常不完整，以浆膜、肺组织或混合性组织(肺组织及浆膜)融合；2．山羊胎儿肺的发育分为5个时期：胚胎期(3～5周)肺芽分支形成主支气管，主支气管长度不断增长并萌芽出叶支气管，均衬以假复层柱状上皮。腺状期(6～12周)以支气管树发育为主，小支气管衬以假复层和／或单层柱状上皮；终蕾呈腺状，上皮细胞由假复层柱状逐渐变为单层柱状，胞核向细胞顶端移行；终蕾上皮细胞游离面可见短小的微绒毛；线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体随着胎龄增加而逐渐增多，它们均位于细胞顶部。小管期(13～14周)以呼吸部发育为主，原始肺泡开始形成，呼吸性细支气管衬以未分化的立方上皮；终蕾腺状结构逐渐消失，终蕾上皮细胞由高矮不等的单层柱状上皮逐渐演变为立方形的原始肺泡上皮；细胞游离面可见较多的微绒毛，胞质内线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体较发达。囊状期(第15周)呼吸部发育显著，肺内细支气管及其末端呈现出“充气”状态；部分原始肺泡上皮细胞分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞；Ⅱ型细胞内出现嗜锇小体。肺泡期(16～22周)以肺泡的形成和分化为主，更多的肺泡上皮分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞。此期，毛细血管内皮与部分肺泡上皮贴近，可将肺泡上皮细胞区分为3种：Ⅰ型细胞，呈矮柱状或椭圆形，胞质中有较明显的核糖体、扩张内质网及变性线粒体；形成了由Ⅰ型细胞一基膜一内皮细胞组成的气血屏障。Ⅱ型细胞，胞质内含丰富的嗜锇板层小体和核糖体，内质网扩张呈大小不一的泡状，多泡体出现，线粒体膨大变性，细胞游离面可见少数微绒毛。Ⅲ型细胞，为未分化细胞，呈立方形，胞体较小，胞核相对较大，呈圆或椭圆形，胞质少，呈带状．电子密度低，细胞器少。     

牦牛发情周期子宫组织结构的观察

采用组织学和形态计量学的方法对发情周期牦牛子宫的组织结构及形态变化进行了观察。结果表明,牦牛子宫壁具有3层结构,分别为黏膜(子宫内膜)、肌层(子宫肌层)和浆膜(子宫外膜)。子宫内膜表面上皮和腺上皮在卵泡期为单层柱状上皮,在黄体期上皮高度明显增加,为假复层柱状上皮。表面上皮主要由分泌细胞及少量淋巴细胞组成。分泌细胞可分为亮细胞和暗细胞2种。亮细胞呈柱状,细胞体积较大,胞质弱嗜酸性;暗细胞呈两侧压扁的细条状,胞质强嗜酸性。腺上皮的细胞组成与表面上皮相似。PAS反应可见黄体期子宫内膜表面上皮、腺上皮和基质中阳性分泌颗粒较卵泡期的多。卵泡期固有层内偶见嵌套腺管、扩张腺管和弥散淋巴组织,但黄体期固有层内仅偶见嵌套腺管。此外,与卵泡期相比,黄体期子宫内膜和子宫肌层的厚度显著增加(P0.01)。黄体期子宫内膜腺管的平均直径、单个腺管的面积和周长、每平方毫米内腺管的总面积和总周长都较卵泡期的大,差异极显著(P0.01),而每平方毫米内腺管的数量差异并不显著(P0.05)。可见,牦牛子宫的组织结构在发情周期发生着有规律的变化。     

Aquaporin 9 is expressed in the epididymis of immature and mature pigs

Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins that facilitate the transepithelial and bidirectional movement of water. AQP9 is an aquaporin that is expressed in the mammalian epididymis. This water transport contributes to epididymal sperm concentration. This study aimed to examine the morphology of epididymal epithelium in piglets and boars, as well as the expression and immunolocalization of AQP9. The piglets presented an epididymal epithelium in differentiation with principal, basal and apical cells. The cellular population of the epididymal epithelium in boars consisted of principal, basal, apical, clear and narrow cells. The migratory cells known as halo cells were observed in the epididymis of both piglets and boars. AQP9 expression presented differences between piglets and boars. Moderate intensity of AQP9 immunoreaction was observed in the apical border of the epididymal epithelium of the caput and cauda regions in the piglet epididymis. A moderate‐to‐intense reaction for AQP9 was observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells of the three epididymal regions in the boar epididymis. The region of the cauda epididymis showed reactivity for AQP9 also in the apical border of the epithelium. It is believed that the AQP9 is already functional in piglets at only 1 week of age and is more active, playing a pivotal role in the caput and cauda regions of the epididymis. Moreover, the intense AQP9 expression in the apical border of epithelial cells in the cauda region of the boar epididymis suggests a higher performance of AQP9 in this region, where sperm complete their maturation process, stored and concentrated.     

A light and scanning electron microscopic study of the epididymis active state of the endemic Mexican rodent Peromyscus winkelmanni (Carleton) (Rodentia: Muridae)

The macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the epididymis of the sexually mature Peromyscus winkelmanni (carleton) was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The epididymis was divided into three regions: caput, corpus and cauda. The epididymal duct was lined with columnar and cubic epithelium with stereocilia and covered by a muscular connective tissue sheath. Capillaries appear to penetrate directly into the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue in the initial segment. The epididymal epithelium presents four cell types: principal, basal, apical and clear cells. Based on morphological differences (height of epithelial cells, length of the stereocilia, luminal area, larger diameter and spermatic index), the epididymis of P. winkelmanni, presents seven zones. The stereocilia of the epididymal ducts of zones I, II, IV and V are thick and tall, while in zone III they are thin and short. The stereocilia in zone VI are thin, while in zone VII they are short but thick. The secretory products observed in the lumen of the epididymal ducts have vesicular, granular and fibrous form in the seven zones. This study contributes to an understanding of the morphofunctional features of the epididymis in sperm maturation in a species that shows seasonal reproductive activity.     

Expression of Occludin in Canine Testis and Epididymis

Tight junctions (TJ) in inter-Sertoli junctional areas and epididymal epithelia are important for the formation of blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-epididymal barrier (BEB). In this study, the expression of occludin, an integral member of the TJ, was verified in canine testis and epididymis. Both low molecular weight (MW) (25-28 kDa) forms as well as high MW (68-72 kDa) forms of occludin were detected in the testis and epididymis using Western blot. The relative amount of the high MW forms of occludin vs low MW forms was higher in the testis than in the epididymis. Some difference in the composition of different MW forms of occludin was found along the segments of epididymis, suggesting the possible correlation between cellular composition of occludin proteins and paracellular permeability of epithelia along the epididymal tubule. In the testis, intense occludin immunoreactivity was found in the basally located inter-Sertoli junctional area. Diffused immunoreactivity of occludin was also found in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. A similar pattern of zonula occludens-1 immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, suggesting that occludin was not confined to the inter-Sertoli junctional areas and that subcellular localization of occludin in the Sertoli cells was dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis in canine testis. In the epididymis weak immunoreactivity was found in the apical sides and cytoplasm of epithelial cells.     

Histological Characteristics of Adult Yak Epididymis in Different Breeding Seasons

To compare the histological changes of the adult yak's epididymis in different breeding seasons,six adult yak testis in breeding season and nine adult yak testis in breeding interval were collected for structure investigation by HE staining,Masson's and Gomori's histochemistry methods,and IPP (Image-Pro Plus) statistics method was used to quantitative statistics.The results showed that comparing with the adult yak in the breeding interval,the epididymis ducts of adult yak in the breeding season were covered with the columnar ciliated epithelium.The collagen and reticular fiber in cauda epididymis were obviously more abundant than caput and corpus epididymitis.And the thickness of columnar epithelium cells in caput and corpus epididymitis,the length of the cilia in caput,and also the internal and external lumen diameter of caput and corpus epididymitis were all significantly increased in the breeding season (P<0.05),but the external lumen diameter of the cauda epididymis had no significant differences (P>0.05).In conclusion,the research showed that the distribution of collagen and reticular fiber in adult yak's epididymis interstitial were similar,and they were more rich in cauda epididymis,which might relate to the capacity and the sperm transport;The changes of the epithelial thickness,the length of cilia,the internal and external lumen diameter were close related to the different breeding seasons,and it might be a common phenomenon in plateau mammals that the enlargement and reduction of the epididymal duct in different breeding seasons.     

Localization of Oestrogen Receptors in the Epididymis During Sexual Maturation of the Domestic Cat

Oestrogens are involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and are essential for male fertility. To study the role of oestrogens on epididymal function in the domestic cat, we analyzed the localization patterns of oestrogen receptors (ERs) within the epididymis of juvenile, pubertal and adults using immunohistochemistry. Cat epididymal tissues obtained during routine castrations were fixed in chilled Bouin's solution and processed for immunohistochemistry with ER-specific antibodies. For a certain receptor type, ER localization was influenced by donor age. In the juvenile epididymis, ERα was localized in the nuclei of epithelial cells of efferent ducts and undifferentiated epithelium of the ductus epididymis. During puberty, ERα localization in the undifferentiated epithelium of the epididymis shifted from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Oestrogen receptor-α level was highest in the pubertal and adult epididymis, especially within the cytoplasm and in plasma membranes of caput epithelial cells. This finding was suggestive of a role in fluid reabsorption within the efferent ducts and the epididymis. In corpus and cauda regions, ERα was less abundant, suggesting a minor role for oestrogens in sperm storage areas. Interestingly, localization of ERβ was neither influenced by age nor location within the epididymis and was ubiquitous throughout. Results demonstrate that oestrogen actions within the epididymis may be predominantly mediated through ERα during sexual maturation in the domestic cat.     

Expression of Occludin in Testis and Epididymis of Wild Rabbits, Lepus sinensis coreanus

Tight junctions (TJs) in inter-Sertoli junctional areas and epididymal epithelia build up the blood–testis barrier (BTB) and the blood–epididymal barrier (BEB), respectively. In this study, the expression of occludin, an integral member of the TJs, was examined in testis and different regions of epididymis of Lepus sinensis coreanus , an Korean wild rabbit species. In testis, intense occludin immunoreactivity was found in the basally located inter-Sertoli junctional area together with diffused immunoreactivity of occludin in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. It can be suggested that occludin is one of the robust elements of BTB in seminiferous tubules of rabbit testis. In proximal and distal caput epididymis, occludin immunoreactivity was found in the lateral as well as apical contacts of epithelial cells. In corpus epididymis, intense occludin immunoreactivity was found in the basolateral as well as apical contacts of epithelial cells together with cytoplasmic signal. In cauda epididymis, occludin immunoreactivity in luminal epithelia was relatively strong but largely found in the cytoplasm. This suggests that intriguing regulatory mechanisms differentially recruit occludin to the TJ in the different regions of epididymal epithelia. The differences in the subcellular localization as well as expression levels of occludin among the epididymal segments may reflect differential paracellular permeability of epithelia along the epididymal tubules and be correlated with sperm maturation in rabbit. In Western blot, a major form of occludin was MW 62 kDa together with small fragments of MW 34–39 kDa in testis and epididymis, suggesting the peptide cleavage of occludin. This is the first report on the molecular nature of TJs in a wild rabbit testis and epididymis.     

Effects of ligation of the ductus deferens on the fowl epididymal region

The effects of ligation of the ductus deferens on the epididymis in the fowl were studied histochemically and immunohistochemically to reveal the mechanisms of sperm disposal. At one week post-ligation, the lumina of the rete testes (RT) and the efferent ductules (ED) were distended and filled with densely accumulated spermatozoa. Macrophages and foreign-body giant cells were aggregated in and around the accumulations. The epithelium regressed in the initial portion of the RT with the invasion of fibroblasts and heterophiles into the lumen. The other part of the epithelium was penetrated by many spermatozoa. Numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrated into the interstitium. At 4 weeks, larger number of spermatozoa agglutinated in the lumen, and large masses of foamy cells and proliferated connective tissue protruded into the lumen. At 8 weeks, large masses of foamy cells were noted. The connecting ductules or the epididymal duct showed no marked changes after ligation. The epithelium of the ED showed weaker or no acid phosphatase activity after ligation. Immunoglobulin G-containing cells increased in number in the interstitium. These results showed that ligation of the ductus deferens in the fowl causes granuloma in the RT and ED, and that epithelial cells, macrophages and granuloma are engaged in the removal of spermatozoa. The participation of antibody is suggested in the sperm disposal processes.     

附睾精子抗氧化保护机制研究进展

通过附睾转运,精子经历了一系列的生化和形态变化逐渐成熟,在精子成熟的过程中,其胞质成分含量逐渐减少,因此精子对氧化应激更为敏感,进而导致精子结构和功能受到损害,故而附睾管腔微环境中抗氧化酶的作用非常重要。活性氧（ROS）在精子功能中起着双重作用：生理水平的ROS可促进精子受精前的获能,而过高水平ROS则会导致精子发生氧化损伤。在附睾中清除多余ROS的抗氧化酶主要有超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPXs）以及过氧化物酶（PRDXs）,但是不同年龄的哺乳动物附睾不同部位中各种抗氧化酶的含量均会发生变化,不同抗氧化酶对ROS也具有不同的清除机制。当附睾缺乏某一抗氧化酶时,会使精子DNA受损、精子质量下降,最终导致异常生殖结果增加。因此,哺乳动物附睾中各类抗氧化酶需要相互协调将ROS维持在生理水平,但有关这方面的研究报道较少。附睾上皮细胞分泌的抗氧化酶以附睾小体的形式传递给精子,以清除自身有氧代谢以及异常精子所产生的ROS,进而保护精子正常成熟。作者综述了附睾精子所面临的氧化应激以及附睾中各类抗氧化酶对精子的保护作用。