我国优质鸡种——吐鲁番鸡保护与利用

吐鲁番鸡是中国斗鸡的重要品种之一,它以体大、健壮、善斗著称,在当地被誉为“吐鲁番斗鸡”,抗病力强,综合利用价值高。吐鲁番鸡是珍稀的品种资源,是培育新品种难得的遗传材料。十几年来,由于许多当地群众片面追求短期效益,盲目引进外来品种如越南斗鸡、泰国斗鸡、河南斗鸡等与吐鲁番鸡杂交,致使吐鲁番鸡混杂退化,纯种吐鲁番鸡存栏数量明显下降。因此,实施吐鲁番鸡品种资源保护及开发利用,将资源优势转变为产业优势显得尤其重要。     

新疆土鸡的外貌特征、经济生产性能和选育改良状况

我国西部地方鸡的品种资源丰富。新疆土鸡主要包括两个品种―吐鲁番斗鸡和拜城油鸡,它们的遗传特性、外貌特性和生产性能明显。吐鲁番斗鸡的发展历史很长。它最早起源于吐鲁番地区,该地区气候炎热干燥,水源充足,适宜饲养畜禽。由     

鲁西斗鸡的选育与开发初探

斗鸡,又称咬鸡、打鸡和军鸡,以好斗闻名于世,属玩赏型鸡种。斗鸡是我国珍贵的家禽品种资源,也是我国家禽的稀有基因之一。《中国家禽品种志》中将中原斗鸡、漳州斗鸡、吐鲁番斗鸡和西双版纳斗鸡并称为"中国四大斗鸡"。鲁西斗鸡现存1万余只,主要分布于山东省西南部的黄河冲     

中国斗鸡mtDNA遗传多样性及起源研究

本研究旨在探究中国斗鸡的遗传多样性和起源.运用DNA测序的方法测定了河南斗鸡、鲁西斗鸡、吐鲁番斗鸡、西双版纳斗鸡和漳州斗鸡5个斗鸡品种40个个体的mtDNA细胞色素b(Cytb)的部分碱基序列(535 bp).结果表明,这5个斗鸡品种共有6种单倍型;单倍型多样度为0.428 57～0.785 71;核苷酸多样度为0.000 80～0.006 54;漳州斗鸡与其它斗鸡的遗传距离均较远;基于单倍型构建的系统发生树分析表明中国斗鸡母系起源于多个红色原鸡亚种.结论,漳州斗鸡的遗传多样性最丰富,而西双版纳斗鸡和吐鲁番斗鸡最贫乏;中国斗鸡母系起源于多个红色原鸡亚种.     

版纳斗鸡的品种特性及其开发利用

<正>斗鸡是我国珍贵的家禽品种资源,在我国有较长的驯养历史。版纳斗鸡是中国斗鸡的一个种群,与中原斗鸡、吐鲁番斗鸡和漳州斗鸡合称"中国斗鸡"。西双版纳斗鸡,傣语称"盖跺",是傣家人勇敢的象征,分布于云南省西双版     

吐鲁番鸡的选育与保种

吐鲁番鸡以体大、健壮、颈长、嘴粗短小、眼大冠小、善斗、肉质好、适应性强著称 ,主要分布在新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番盆地 ,包括吐 (吐鲁番 )、鄯 (鄯善县 )、托 (托克逊县 )一带 ,伊犁、喀什、阿克苏地区亦有分布 ,是新疆古老的、优良地方鸡种之一。早在雍正年间就已培养成的吐鲁番鸡 ,当时深受各族人民喜爱 ,很快推广至伊犁、阿克苏、喀什、哈密等地 ,风靡新疆。但近 2 0多年来 ,从国内外引进的鸡品种越来越多 ,杂交串配愈来愈严重 ,致使吐鲁番鸡已混杂不堪、濒临灭绝。1　吐鲁番鸡的外貌特征与生产性能吐鲁番鸡的胫长、腿壮、颈长、嘴粗…     

5-HT2CR基因多态性与吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为的关联分析

为探讨影响吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为的分子标记,以5-羟色胺2C受体基因(5-HT2CR)为候选基因设计9对引物检测90只吐鲁番斗鸡、200只新罗曼鸡和200只吐鲁番斗鸡(♂)×新罗曼鸡(♀)杂交F1代的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs);继而实测30只吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为强弱的表型并进行表型与基因型的关联分析。结果显示,5-HT2CR基因第一外显子的5-HT-1-2引物区间204 640位点处发生了C/T错义突变,检测到AA、AB、BB三种基因型,吐鲁番斗鸡和F1代鸡的AB基因型频率最高,为优势基因型,经χ2检验处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡。30只吐鲁番斗鸡攻击行为强弱的表型与基因型的关联分析也证实AB基因型的攻击性显著高于AA和BB基因型。表明5-HT2CR基因与吐鲁番斗鸡的攻击性相关,可选育基因型纯合的AA和BB基因型个体为亲本培养攻击性强的AB型吐鲁番斗鸡。     

基于STR分型检测技术的新疆九个家鸡资源遗传多样性分析

利用18个微卫星标记对新疆南疆地区吐鲁番斗鸡、喀什斗鸡、安集延鸡、塔什库尔干家鸡、和田黑鸡、阿合奇家鸡、拜城油鸡、和田麻鸡、和静家鸡9个家鸡群体进行检测分析。结果表明:18个位点均为高度多态性位点(多态信息含量PIC在0.745~0.929之间);9个家鸡群体显示出较高的多态性水平(观测杂合度Ho=0.775~0.932,期望杂合度He=0.777~0.934),其中安集延鸡的多态性水平最高,和田麻鸡的多态性最低;Nei氏遗传距离系统聚类分析显示,吐鲁番斗鸡与喀什斗鸡属于同一分支,阿合奇家鸡与拜城油鸡的遗传距离最近,安集延鸡由于其历史原因与南疆本地品种不在同一分支,属于一个新的品种。     

鲁西斗鸡的生物学特性与驯养

斗鸡是我国特有的禽类珍稀资源。主要分为中原斗鸡、吐鲁番斗鸡、漳州斗鸡和云南斗鸡等。鲁西斗鸡与开封斗鸡、洛阳斗鸡同属中原斗鸡。农业部于２００１年１０月对全国畜禽资源保护场的抽查，对鲁西斗鸡保护场———山东省鄄城鲁西斗鸡原种场的品种保存、鲁西斗鸡发展等相关情况进行调查。本文对鲁西斗鸡的形成、体型外貌及管理技术进行简要介绍。１鲁西斗鸡的形成及发展鲁西斗鸡原产于山东西南部的古城曹洲一带，即菏泽、鄄城、曹县、成武等县。据史料记载，自春秋至诏唐代，诸侯世家乃至民间以观赏斗鸡为乐，唯曹州鸡最佳之说。《史记》和…     

吐鲁番斗鸡生长曲线的拟合与分析

运用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy 3种非线性模型分别对吐鲁番斗鸡进行曲线拟合和分析。结果表明,3种模型均能较好的模拟吐鲁番斗鸡生长曲线,拟合度(R~2)均高于0.99,其中以Von Bertalanffy模型的拟合效果最好。根据此模型建立的吐鲁番斗鸡的生长曲线,为吐鲁番选育和改善饲养管理提供依据。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。