饲料种类和密度对大麦虫生长发育的影响

研究不同种类饲料、饲养密度对大麦虫体重、死亡率、化蛹率和蛹重的影响.结果表明:低龄幼虫期,采用饲料F(麦麸+大豆粉+玉米粉+鱼粉),当饲养密度为0.5～2.0头/cm2时,大麦虫幼虫生长发育好,其饲喂大麦虫幼虫的体重和死亡率与其他组差异显著;老熟幼虫期,采用饲料F(麦麸+大豆粉+玉米粉+鱼粉),当饲养密度为0.5～1.0头/cm2时,大麦虫生长发育效果最好,其饲喂大麦虫老熟幼虫的化蛹率和蛹重与其他组差异显著.     

一种改进的斜纹夜蛾人工饲养技术的效果研究

采用改进的饲养方法和饲料配方对斜纹夜蛾进行人工饲养,统计改进方法后各虫态发育历期及斜纹夜蛾幼虫孵化率、化蛹率、蛹健康率、蛹重、羽化率、成虫健康率、雌雄性比7项指标;同时对卵的冷藏条件进行相关研究。结果表明:采用改良的饲养方法,斜纹夜蛾幼虫孵化率为93.17%,化蛹率为96.48%,蛹健康率为94.36%,雄性蛹重为0.31 g,雌性蛹重为0.34 g,雌雄性比为1.05∶1,羽化率为92.67%,成虫健康率为93.53%,卵在4℃下保存4天对孵化无影响。本研究简化了饲养方法,极大降低了真菌、细菌及病毒对室内种群造成的影响,为斜纹夜蛾的室内饲养提供了一种简便易行的饲养方法。     

菜喜和集琦虫螨克对小菜蛾生产发育、存活和生殖的影响

在室内测定了抗生素杀虫剂菜喜和集琦虫螨克对小菜蛾卵及幼早生长发育，成虫存活及生殖的影响，结果表明，这两种药剂对小菜峨卵的孵化率没有影响，但能大大降低初孵幼虫的存活率，对幼虫的生物活性，均随虫龄的增加面下降，且集琦虫螨克的活性远比菜喜高，菜喜对小菜蛾4龄幼虫化蛹率有显著降低作用，但对肾的羽化率，雌成虫寿命及产卵量却没有明显影响；而集琦虫螨克则对4龄幼虫的化蛹率、蛹羽化率及羽化后成虫的产卵量均有显著的降低作用，用菜喜和集琦虫螨克的田间推荐浓度药液饲喂小菜蛾成虫，均能显著减少雌成虫的产卵量，但对雌雄成虫的寿命影响不大。     

不同饲料对粘虫繁殖力的影响

[目的]研究不同饲料对粘虫繁殖力的影响,以选择适宜的粘虫饲料。[方法]采用不同饲料饲养粘虫幼虫,对粘虫繁殖力进行分析。[结果]表明,不同饲料对粘虫个体重量、繁殖力、死亡率影响较大,以玉米苗饲养粘虫效果最优,粘虫化蛹率为91.71%,产卵量为611.49粒/只,卵孵化率为66.38%,其次是墨西哥玉米草,粘虫幼虫重量为0.329g/头,羽化率为93.83%。人工饲料生产成本最高,墨西哥玉米草生产成本最低,比人工饲料降低成本52.76%。[结论]墨西哥玉米草最适合用作规模化饲养粘虫。     

蚕豆蚜饲养七星瓢虫的方法研究

为室内选育合乎标准的抗性七星瓢虫供试虫态和大量繁殖七星瓢虫进行田间释放提供依据,采用蚕豆苗培育蚕豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)饲养七星瓢的方法,对七星瓢虫室内饲养种群与野外种群从幼虫至蛹的发育历期、4龄老熟幼虫体重、蛹重、初羽化雌雄成虫体重、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率等几个指标的差异性进行了比较,结果表明:用该方法饲养的七星瓢虫种群在上述几个指标上与野外种群相当.该方法是一种值得推荐的饲养七星瓢虫的方法,可以为室内选育抗性七星瓢虫提供合乎标准的供试虫态,也为大量繁殖七星瓢虫进行田间释放提供理论基础.     

不同冷藏条件对小菜蛾室内饲养的影响

药效试验需要大量发育良好、虫龄一致的小菜蛾幼虫作供试虫源,而实验室内饲养的小菜蛾难以达到这一要求,为了解决这个问题,在4℃条件下对小菜蛾的卵、蛹进行不同时间的冷藏。结果表明,小菜蛾产卵量、卵的孵化率和蛹的羽化率都随着冷藏时间的增加而降低,其中,小菜蛾卵冷藏10 d时,孵化率最高。因此,在4℃左右的条件下,小菜蛾卵和蛹的冷藏时间都应该控制在10~15 d。     

人工饲养粘虫及其多世代生物学特性观察

首次在遵义地区对粘虫进行了人工饲养,并观察其各世代生物学特性。结果表明:粘虫在遵义地区1a可连续饲养7代,幼虫历期平均为18.79d、蛹历期平均为16.73d、成虫期平均为14.4d,卵孵化率为62.69%、幼虫化蛹率为87.42%、成虫羽化率为89.42%,平均蛹重0.287g、产卵量为324.9粒/雌,雌雄性比1.14:1。成功建立了稳定的种群,保证了繁殖其他天敌昆虫的猎物供应。     

养殖黄粉虫五注意

一、注意分养:各不同虫态发育阶段的卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫都要分开饲养,便于按不同的要求投喂饲料,还可防止幼虫吃掉蛹,成虫在采食时容易吃掉卵;基本同龄的幼虫应在一起饲养,便于饲喂、销售、评级,如旺盛时幼虫需要补充营养,老熟幼虫则不需要;刚羽化的成虫虫体较嫩,抵抗力差,不能吃水分多的青饲料。     

甜菜夜蛾人工饲料配方的改进研究

基于一种传统的甜菜夜蛾人工饲料配方,通过增加胆固醇、蜂蜜及琼脂组分,优选出甜菜夜蛾人工饲料新配方。饲养试验表明:改进后饲料配方饲喂的幼虫成活率平均为91.31%,化蛹率平均为89.43%,二者均显著高于原配方(P<0.05);且克服了原饲料随继代数增加,卵孵化率下降的缺点,明显延缓了甜菜夜蛾室内种群的种质衰退。     

取食塑料的黄粉虫生命特征研究

【目的】研究取食聚苯乙烯(PS)和线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)塑料的黄粉虫生长发育情况,为黄粉虫降解塑料的进一步研究提供理论依据。【方法】对黄粉虫在单头饲养和群体饲养条件下取食塑料的生命特征进行分析,单头饲养运用年龄-龄期两性生命表软件分析并比较相关参数,群体饲养通过设计不同饲喂方式和饲喂比例分析黄粉虫存活率和平均虫质量的变化趋势。【结果】单头饲养结果表明,12龄及以下黄粉虫幼虫仅取食PS、LLDPE无法发育至蛹期;14龄幼虫仅取食PS、LLDPE可以化蛹,但化蛹率较低,分别为23%和31%。完成发育的黄粉虫蛹质量偏低,化蛹前最后一个龄期(P_(-1))历期延长,蛹历期未受明显影响,成虫寿命缩短;产卵前期(APOP)未受到明显影响,产卵天数缩短,繁殖力下降。群体饲养结果表明,仅饲喂PS、LLDPE的黄粉虫存活率明显下降,平均虫质量则基本保持不变;当将麦麸与塑料进行混合饲喂时,黄粉虫存活率与正常饲喂麦麸组基本一致,保持较高水平,平均虫质量变化呈现规律性,麦麸所占比例越高,平均虫质量越大。【结论】黄粉虫仅取食PS、LLDPE时其发育和繁殖受到影响,通过添加麦麸可以使种群保持较高存活率。     

[1]不同孵化装置和不同规格饲养笼对益蝽存活率的影响

益蝽作为一种优良的天敌昆虫，在“以虫治虫”的生物防治中发挥着重要作用。在益蝽人工规模化繁殖过程中，为节约饲养空间，提高益蝽若虫存活率，本研究通过比较孵化盒与孵化笼对益蝽若虫存活率及不同规格饲养笼对益蝽若虫存活率差异。结果表明，孵化笼中放入3000粒和6000粒益蝽卵，3龄益蝽若虫存活率分别为75.31%和69.17%，相较孵化盒若虫存活率8.84%和4.44%均有显著提高；不同规格饲养笼放入相同数量的1龄益蝽若虫，孵化后大饲养笼的益蝽若虫存活率较小饲养笼的存活率显著增加。孵化笼可有效提高益蝽孵化率和益蝽低龄若虫的存活率，大饲养笼虽提高了益蝽若虫存活率，但小饲养笼可显著提升饲养空间的利用率，从而提升扩繁效率。     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的简易人工饲养方法

本研究通过自制的饲养器具,建立了饲养韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的简易方法。将野外采集的幼虫饲养在自制装置中,(25±1)℃、相对湿度70%、光暗周期L∶D=16∶8的条件下,用滤纸收集蛹,用葱白片收集卵。采用此法饲养的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊可顺利完成生活史,其孵化率为91.0%~94.2%,幼虫的存活率为86.4%~92.0%,化蛹率为82.0%~87.6%。本方法节省人工和饲养空间,可有效实现韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的人工批量繁殖。本方法能广泛应用于其它根蛆类昆虫的饲养。     

鬼臼毒素和脱氧鬼臼毒素对粘虫生物活性初步研究

采用小叶碟添加法测定了鬼臼毒素 ( Podophyllotoxin)和脱氧鬼臼毒素 ( Deoxypodophyllotoxin)对粘虫 ( Mythimna separata W.)的生物活性。结果表明 ,二者对粘虫 4龄幼虫均有很强的拒食作用 ,2 4h、48h和72 h的 AFC50 值分别为 1 .40 86、1 2 .45 1 4、0 .8881 mg/m L和 0 .4686、1 .1 0 66、0 .2 5 99mg/m L;二者对粘虫的生长发育抑制作用也较强 ,致使粘虫生长发育各历期均延迟 ,化蛹率、羽化率、产卵量等均明显降低     

高温对粘虫未成熟期生长发育的影响

本文报道了粘虫卵、幼虫和蛹在２４℃以上４种高温中生长发育的情况。结果表明,卵在相对湿度８０％左右,温度为２４－３３℃范围内均能顺利孵化,孵化率均在８７％以上,而３５℃中卵不能孵化,幼虫和蛹死亡率随着温度的升高而增加,３５℃时所有幼虫均在幼虫期或蛹期死亡,未成熟期（卵、幼虫和蛹）在２４－３０℃范围内随着温度的升高而缩短,３３℃时反而有所延长。高温对幼虫虫龄及各龄幼虫头壳宽度也有显著的影响（ｐ＜０．０５）．２４、２７℃中老熟幼虫均为６龄,而３０、３３、３５℃中７龄老熟幼虫比例分别占４％、２４％、１００％．各龄幼虫的头壳宽度以２７℃的最宽,且随着温度的升高而逐渐下降（３５℃的２龄幼虫除外）,不论其差异是否显著。３３℃以上高温显著不利于幼虫头壳的增长。蛹也是以２７℃的最重,且随着温度的升高而降低,３３℃时达到显著差异（ｐ＜０．０５）．由此可见,３３℃以上高温不仅不利于粘虫幼虫和蛹的生存,而且导致幼虫蜕皮次数增加,各龄幼虫头壳宽度变小,未成熟期延长及蛹重降低等发育受阻现象,而３５℃高温直接对卵和蛹有完全致死作用,这些结果均是粘虫夏天在我国南方地区不能渡夏的直接原因。     

Effects of Tebufenozide on the Biological Characteristics of Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner) and Its Resistance Selection

In this article, the selection of tebufenozide to beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hubner) was studied by the treatments to alternative generations' 3rd-instar larvae with LC50 dose and to continuous generations' larvae with LC10 dose; the effects of tebufenozide on the biological characteristics of current and subsequent generations were examined by the treatments to 3rd-instar larvae and egg pods in different concentrations. After treatments with LC50 dose till F11, the toxicity of tebufenozide to beet armyworm had no significant change, whereas the pupation rate, pupal weight, and fecundity were reduced markedly. After treatments with LC10 dose till F19, the beet armyworm only developed 3.52-fold resistance, and the main biological characteristics were nearly accordant in each generation. The livability was reduced 72 h later after treatments to 3rd-instar larvae, respectively in 2.5-40 (ig mL-', and larval duration, pupation rate, and pupal weight changed considerably with the increase in concentrations. The fecundity, larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight of subsequent generations were reduced as the dose increased over 10 ug mL-1. The hatching rate of egg pods did not differ with that of the controls obviously after treatment in 10-300 ug mL-1. But the larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight were reduced when eggs were exposed to 50 ug mL-1 dose or more. The results indicated that tebufenozide had low resistance risk to the current and subsequent generations of beet armyworm even if tebufenozide had significant effects on the biological characteristics of this insect.     

缩短春蚕期幼虫全龄经过的方法

春季采用全龄适当提高蚕的幼虫饲育温湿度、稚蚕期饲给适熟偏嫩桑叶、眠中不降低温度、各龄响食前后提高 1.5℃温度、控制日眠等方法饲养春用蚕品种。结果表明 ,龄期经过缩短 2d左右 ,以 10g蚁量为单位计算 ,用桑量比对照节省 10 %以上 ,劳力节约 2～ 3个工时。这不但降低了饲育成本、提高了经济效益 ,而且蚕的体质、茧量、茧质、蛾产卵量、良卵率、孵化率与对照相比均有不同程度的提高且无生种发生 ,原种繁育普通种对后代化性、眠性均无不良影响     

几种半人工饲料饲养粘虫的效果

以三龄第1天的成活率和平均体重为指标,比较改良家蚕人工饲料与其他几种半人工饲料饲养粘虫的效果。改良家蚕人工饲料的饲养效果与进口F9219B饲料相当,且成本较低,推荐作为粘虫饲养的半人工饲料。     

Effects of Tebufenozide on the Biological Characteristics of Beet Armyworm （Spodoptera exigua Hǖbner） and Its Resistance Selection

In this article, the selection of tebufenozide to beet armyworm （Spodoptera exigua Htibner） was studied by the treatments to alternative generations＇ 3rd-instar larvae with LC50 dose and to continuous generations＇ larvae with LC10 dose; the effects of tebufenozide on the biological characteristics of current and subsequent generations were examined by the treatments to 3rd-instar larvae and egg pods in different concentrations. After treatments with LC50 dose till F11, the toxicity of tebufenozide to beet armyworm had no significant change, whereas the pupation rate, pupal weight, and fecundity were reduced markedly. After treatments with LC10 dose till Fl9, the beet armyworm only developed 3.52-fold resistance, and the main biological characteristics were nearly accordant in each generation. The livability was reduced 72 h later after treatments to 3rd-instar larvae, respectively in 2.5-40 μg mL^-1, and larval duration, pupation rate, and pupal weight changed considerably with the increase in concentrations. The fecundity, larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight of subsequent generations were reduced as the dose increased over 10 μg mL^-1. The hatching rate of egg pods did not differ with that of the controls obviously after treatment in 10-300 μg mL^-1. But the larval livability, larval weight and pupal weight were reduced when eggs were exposed to 50 μg mL^-1 dose or more. The results indicated that tebufenozide had low resistance risk to the current and subsequent generations of beet armyworm even if tebufenozide had significant effects on the biological characteristics of this insect.     

Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

室内人工饲养4代花绒寄甲的繁殖生物学

为了解决人工大量繁育花绒寄甲(Dastarcus helophoroides)的技术问题,选用麻天牛(Thyestilla gebleri)作为花绒寄甲1龄幼虫的替代寄主,利用人工饲料饲喂成虫,在实验室中连续饲养4代花绒寄甲,统计分析每一代花绒寄甲成虫产卵量、产卵前期、雌雄性比、体长、体宽、体质量、卵的孵化率以及下一代幼虫寄生率等指标,分析人工饲料和替代寄主对室内多代饲养花绒寄甲的影响。结果表明:花绒寄甲成虫的体长、体宽、体质量随着室内饲养代数的增加而减小;花绒寄甲成虫的产卵前期也随着饲养代数的增加而延长;随着室内饲养代数增加和时间的延长,平均每头雌虫的产卵量增加;使用替代寄主繁殖4代后出现成虫雌雄性比不符合1∶1的情况;室内饲养4代对花绒寄甲卵的孵化率和初孵幼虫的室内寄生率几乎没有影响。通过各个繁殖生物学特性指标的比较发现,人工合成饲料A的产卵前期明显延长,以麻天牛为替代寄主时,繁育出的后代雄虫数量明显多于雌虫。综上可见,室内饲养多代后对花绒寄甲的繁殖生物学特性有影响,虽然能完成室内人工大量繁育花绒寄甲的需求,但会出现一些体征下降的趋势,平均产卵量会升高。