疣鼻天鹅失血性休克的治疗体会

在圈养野生动物疾病诊治过程中,由失血引发的休克往往因处理不及时而导致动物死亡.本文以北京动物园圈养疣鼻天鹅缺血性休克为例,介绍采用临床诊断与化验室诊断相结合的方法,在休克初期预判动物发生心衰,并快速制定治疗方案,经过12 d的连续治疗,最终使患病天鹅得以痊愈的治疗体会.     

刘金鹏1,夏茂华1,国欣欣1,李祥翔1,普天春1,赵素芬2,卢岩2,王运盛1*,张成林1(1.北京动物园,北京100044;2.圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044)

在圈养野生动物疾病诊治过程中,由失血引发的休克往往因处理不及时而导致动物死亡。本文以北京动物园圈养疣鼻天鹅缺血性休克为例,介绍采用临床诊断与化验室诊断相结合的方法,在休克初期预判动物发生心衰,并快速制定治疗方案,经过12 d的连续治疗,最终使患病天鹅得以痊愈的治疗体会。     

圈养珍稀野生动物应激性疾病及防治分析

人工圈养珍稀野生动物在温度、环境等应激源下更能引发野生动物的应激性,致使野生动物患有应激性疾病。我国国宝大熊猫以及珍稀野生动物金丝猴等在人工圈养环境下的应急刺激更能引发大肠埃希菌肠炎和传染性的应激性疾病。对于这些珍贵的野生动物来说是致命的。野生动物生性凶猛,更加不便于人工对其的诊断和治疗。所以对于人工圈养条件下野生珍稀动物的应激性疾病如何更好地预防和治疗,成为圈养珍稀野生动物的重要部分。     

丰容对圈养野生动物刻板行为的影响

通过介绍圈养野生动物刻板行为的表现特点、影响因素,来阐述丰容在野生动物刻板行为中所起的作用,进一步为提高野生动物饲养管理水平和野生动物福利提供理论依据。     

圈养野生动物的饲料安全及有效防范

<正>野生动物的饲料安全是保护野生动物和维持生物多样性的基本保证。本文综述了圈养野生动物饲料的应用现状、存在的饲料安全问题以及有效防范措施。野生动物是宝贵资源,在保持生物多样性方面起着重要的作用。而在圈养条件下,动物不能像在自然生境中自主地选择食物,只能由动物园的相关工作人员人为地进行提供,饲料质量的好坏直接影响着动物的健康,安全的饲料是野生动物在圈养条件下健康可持续发展的保障。1国内动物园野生动物饲料的应用现状     

圈养野生动物疾病及发病原因分析

圈养野生动物的过程中难免会遇到各种困难和问题,而在这之中最受人关注的正是野生动物疾病问题.由于不同种类的野生动物其患病的症状以及发病原因都各不相同,所以作为圈养野生动物工作人员,应首先从野生动物疾病的发病原因入手,准确的确定病症类型并给予治疗.本文对圈养野生动物的疾病系统以及发病原因做出了分析,以北京动物园为实例分析了野生动物发病最多的系统、最主要的发病原因以及概率最大的发病月份,并提出了几项减少野生动物发病的措施.     

关于圈养野生动物免疫工作的几点想法

圈养野生动物的免疫工作是疫病防控的重点,能否有序开展影响着整个动物疫病防控工作的成效。本文阐述了圈养野生动物疫病防控现状,系统分析了圈养野生动物免疫缺位的原因并提出了解决办法和建议。     

圈养野生动物营养研究进展

动物营养学是一门阐明营养物质摄入与生命活动之间关系的科学。目前,动物营养学在家畜家禽养殖研究上较为深入,而在圈养野生动物中只在近几十年才取得一些成果。本文主要在野生动物营养研究方法、野生动物营养评价方法和圈养野生动物营养需求三个方面进行阐述,并结合家畜家禽的研究进展进行综述。很多野生动物营养研究是基于家畜家禽的研究,但野生动物又有别于家畜家禽,因此圈养野生动物营养的科学与均衡应该是野生动物饲养工作中的最主要问题。     

野生动物医学课程教学方法的探讨

动物医学包括多方面的学科,涉及除伴侣动物和家畜以外的所有动物种类的医学问题。这一学科主要涉及两个方面的圈养野生动物(动物园医学)和非圈养野生动物(野生动物医学),这种划分在某些情况下可出现重叠,应结合医学分类来考虑。圈养和非     

野生动物日粮变更方法

圈养野生动物的日粮变更直接影响到动物的健康成长和正常繁殖．笔者对圈养野生动物的日粮变更应注意的问题以及对日粮变更后的效果作以探讨．供业内交流。     

Relationship of body measurements and body condition score to body weight in modern Finnish Ayrshire cows

Abstract

The differences in body weight (BW) and measurements between the cows of today and the early 70s was evaluated and the usefulness of heart girth (HG), wither height, body length (BL) and body condition score (BCS) as predictors of the BW of modern Finnish Ayrshire cows was estimated. During the last three decades, the BW, HG and BL has increased indicating change in body conformation. The BW prediction equation based on early 70s data underestimate the BW of modern Ayrshire cows. Based on current data it is recommended to use different models to predict BW for primiparous and multiparous cows. From single measurements, HG predicted BW most accurately. Inclusion of BL in model gave slight improve in BW prediction, especially for primiparous cows. An additional term of age or days in milk (DIM) for primiparous cows and BCS or DIM for multiparous cows along with HG increased slightly the accuracy of BW prediction.     

Prediction of body weight from body measurements in grass cutters

In order to predict the body weight of grass cutters from linear body measurements, the weights and measurements of 50 intensively managed female grass cutters aged 5 months were fitted into linear, quadratic and cubic regression models. Highly significant (p?<?0.01) R ² values ranging from 74 to 98 % were obtained indicating that all body measurements were good predictors of body weight. Although quadratic and cubic models gave slightly higher R ² values than linear models, it is recommended that farmers should use a simple linear equation based on tail length or heart girth to predict the body weight of their grass cutters. The recommended equations are (weight in kg)?=?0.47?+?0.08 (tail length in cm) and (weight in kg)?=?0.32?+?0.07 (heart girth in cm).     

赛加羚羊初生体重与体尺的相关性研究

为了提高测定效率,运用SPSS软件对30只赛加羚羊初生羔的体尺、体重结果进行了相关分析和通径分析,并建立了最优回归方程。结果表明:赛加羚羊初生体重(Y)与体直长(X_1)、体高(X_2)、胸深(X_3)、胸宽(X_4)、胸围(X_5)、尾长(X_6)、耳长(X_7)及管围(X_8)均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),其中体直长(X_1)和胸围(X_5)是体重(Y)的最主要决定变量。初生羔羊体直长(X_1)和胸围(X_5)对体重(Y)的最优回归方程为Y=-1.219+0.052X1+0.072X5。     

Effects of season and body condition on appetite, body mass and body composition in ad libitum fed pony mares

Changes in appetite, body mass (BM), body condition score (BCS), direct (ultrasonographic) and indirect (deuterium oxide dilution technique) measures of body fat were monitored in Welsh Mountain pony mares (n = 11, 5–19 years of age) offered ad libitum access to a complete diet (gross energy 16.9 ± 0.07 MJ/kg dry matter) for 12 weeks during summer (n = 6; 246 ± 20 kg) and winter (n = 5; 219 ± 21 kg). At the outset, each group comprised two thin (BCS 1–3/9), moderate (BCS 4–6/9) and obese (BCS 7–9/9) animals.For ponies that were non-obese at the outset, BM was gained more rapidly (P = 0.001) in summer (0.8 ± 0.1 kg/day) than winter (0.6 ± 0.0 kg/day). This was associated with a seasonal increase in dry matter intake (DMI) which became maximal (summer, 4.6 ± 0.3% BM as DMI/day; winter, 3.5 ± 0.1% BM as DMI/day) during the second month. The appetite of the obese ponies was half that reported for non-obese animals in the summer and BM remained constant irrespective of season.Body ‘fatness’ increased progressively for non-obese but not obese ponies. Body fat content was exponentially associated with increasing BCS but BCSs >6 were not useful indicators of actual body fat. Endogenous circannual mechanisms to suppress winter weight gain were insufficient to prevent the development of obesity in ad libitum fed ponies.     

Examination of body fluids

In dogs, the pericardial sac contains about 0.3 ml, and the pleural and peritoneal cavities 0-15 ml of clear, straw-colored fluid of pH 7.4, specific gravity 1.016, protein content less than 3.0 g/dl and cell count less than 3000/microliter. Fat can be cleared from chylous fluid with NaOH and ether. Inflammation is indicated by a cell count greater than 3000/microliter. Amylase levels in peritoneal fluid are elevated in necrotizing pancreatitis. The percentage of polymorphonuclear WBC exceeds 50% in bacterial inflammations. Normal joints contain less than 1 ml highly viscid, clear or straw-colored synovial fluid with less than 1000 nucleated cells/microliter. Synovial fluid becomes flocculent and less viscid in septic and occasionally in immune-mediated arthritis, often with cell counts greater than 75,000/microliter, with 75-90% polymorphonuclear WBC. Cerebrospinal fluid is normally acellular, clear and colorless but may be red, yellow or brown with intracranial hematomas. Viral or aseptic meningitis is characterized by mononuclear cell counts of less than 500/microliter. In acute bacterial meningitis, nucleated cell counts are greater than 1000/microliter, with most being polymorphonuclear WBC. Gram staining of cerebrospinal fluid is not useful.     

病毒性包涵体肝炎

IBH是一种由腺病毒引起的传染疾病,其特征为病鸡的肝脏和肾脏出血,出现营养不良性渐进性坏死,并伴有核内包涵体。特征性肉眼病变是肝脏肿大、营养不良,呈黄色,质地易碎（图1）。