七种杀虫剂对暗黑鳃金龟成虫和幼虫的毒力及田间防控效果

为筛选防治暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela的有效药剂,用浸虫法测定了7种药剂对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的毒力,分别采用浸虫法、浸叶法、药膜法测定了7种药剂对其成虫的毒力,并通过大田试验作了进一步验证。浸虫法测得高效氯氟氰菊酯对成虫的毒力最高,LC₅₀值为1.38 mg/L;浸叶法测得辛硫磷毒力最高,为42.05 mg/L;药膜法测得毒死蜱毒力最高,为18.51 mg/L。其中,高效氯氟氰菊酯毒力值变化最大,浸虫法毒力是浸叶法毒力的61.86倍;氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫腈在3种生测方法中毒力相当,但均较低。丁硫克百威对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的毒力最高,LC₅₀值为7.29 mg/L。田间试验结果显示,35%辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂4 500 g/hm²(有效成分,余同)防效达80.66%,对花生的保果、增产幅度分别为77.90%、17.56%;30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂2 250 g/hm²、20%丁硫克百威乳油3 000 g/hm²与辛硫磷防效相当,且显著高于其它药剂。因此,选用以上药剂于7月中下旬花生封垄前田间灌墩可以有效减轻暗黑鳃金龟为害。     

新化合物A04034、A04008对水稻稻瘟病的室内杀菌活性及田间药效研究

A04034、A04008和嘧菌酯等药剂在盆栽试验中对水稻稻瘟病表现出很高的杀菌活性,均优于对照药剂三环唑。其中A04034的活性最高,EC₅₀仅为2.12μg/mL。10%A04034悬浮剂有效成分40、60、80 g/hm²防治水稻稻瘟病,第2次施药后10 d的防效分别为90.50%、94.20%、95.42%。25%嘧菌酯乳油有效成分60 g/hm²的防效为92.82%。10%A04034悬浮剂有效成分60 g/hm²的防效与用25%嘧菌酯乳油有效成分的60 g/hm²的防效无显著差异。10%A04008悬浮剂有效成分40、60、80 g/hm²,第2次施药后10 d的防效分别为68.25%、74.98%、76.43%,60 g/hm²的防效低于嘧菌酯。3种药剂的防效均高于三环唑。     

六种除草剂对玉米田间恶性杂草印加孔雀草的防除效果

为筛选能有效防除玉米田中印加孔雀草Tagetes minuta的除草剂，通过田间试验测定氨氯吡啶酸、乙羧氟草醚、氯氟吡氧乙酸、烟嘧磺隆、辛酰溴苯腈和草甘膦异丙胺盐6种除草剂对印加孔雀草的株防效和鲜重防效。结果表明，根据施药后杂草的药害症状，在6种除草剂中，印加孔雀草对氨氯吡啶酸、乙羧氟草醚以及氯氟吡氧乙酸这3种药剂较敏感；综合株防效结果及生态安全，在玉米田中防除印加孔雀草时优先选用低剂量草甘膦异丙胺盐、低剂量氨氯吡啶酸以及中剂量辛酰溴苯腈，即有效成分分别为900、 1 050和 370 g (a.i.)/hm²；综合鲜重防效结果及生态安全，在玉米田中防除印加孔雀草时优先选用中剂量辛酰溴苯腈、低剂量草甘膦异丙胺盐、低剂量氨氯吡啶酸以及中剂量乙羧氟草醚，即有效成分分别为370、 900、 1 050和90 g (a.i.)/hm²。综合所有防效结果及生态安全，900 g (a.i.)/hm²草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂、 370 g (a.i.)/hm²辛酰溴苯腈乳油和1 050 g (a.i.)/hm²氨氯吡啶酸水剂对印加孔雀草的防除效果最好，鲜重防效依次为91.08%、 93.30%和90.92%。同种除草剂不同剂量的株防效之间及鲜重防效之间差异不显著。     

喹草酮与莠去津复配防除杂草效果及对高粱的安全性

为明确对羟基丙酮酸双氧化酶抑制剂类新型除草剂喹草酮应用于高粱田的可行性，于2018-2019年在温室和田间测定喹草酮与莠去津复配的除草效果及对高粱的安全性。温室试验结果表明，喹草酮与莠去津复配对狗尾草Setaria viridis和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti均有很好的防除效果，两者按有效成分用量比1：4~1：7配比对狗尾草的GR₅₀在134.40~168.92 g （a.i.）/hm²之间，明显好于喹草酮和莠去津单独施用时的GR₅₀，分别为150.53g （a.i.）/hm²和589.30g （a.i.）/hm²；两者复配对狗尾草的共毒系数在234.80~311.03之间，远大于120.00，显示出明显的增效作用；对苘麻的共毒系数在140.16~168.38之间，也表现出增效作用；对马唐Digitaria sanguinalis也有较好的防除效果；喹草酮与莠去津按有效成分用量比1：5复配的制剂在最高用量3 600g （a.i.）/hm²处理下，3个高粱品种生长均正常，且对高粱和杂草之间的选择性指数远大于6.59，对高粱的安全性高。田间试验结果表明，喹草酮与莠去津复配应用于高粱田对高粱安全，且对田间杂草野稷Panicum ruderale、虎尾草Rabdosia eriocalys、稗Echinochloa crus-galli、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus和藜Chenopodium album等均有极好的防除效果，2018-2019年对高粱田杂草的总株防效分别为94.2%和92.8%，鲜重防效分别为95.6%和94.2%，明显高于药剂对照50%异甲·莠去津悬浮剂土壤处理和37%二氯·莠去津悬浮剂茎叶处理的防除效果。表明喹草酮与莠去津复配应用于高粱田防除杂草效果良好。     

二点委夜蛾防治药剂的室内筛选和毒力测定

从16种药剂中筛选防治二点委夜蛾效果较好的6种药剂进行毒力测定。结果显示敌敌畏、毒死蜱、辛硫磷对成虫的触杀效果较好;甲维盐、毒死蜱、敌敌畏、辛硫磷、茚虫威胃毒作用较强,试虫死亡率均在94%以上。其中茚虫威防效可达97.22%。甲维盐、辛硫磷、毒死蜱、茚虫威、敌敌畏和敌百虫对二点委夜蛾3龄幼虫的LC50分别为0.22、5.91、10.93、14.23、123.77、196.95 mg/L。     

6种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的防治效果

田间试验结果表明,12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂有效成分40 g/hm²、50%醚菌酯干悬浮剂40 g/hm²、15%氯啶菌酯乳油60 g/hm²、12.5%腈菌唑乳油50 g/hm²4个处理对小麦白粉病的防效较好,分别为87.5%、83.6%、82.8%、和81.7%,优于常用药剂15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂120 g/hm²的防效74.8%和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂750 g/hm²防效68.0%。结果说明,氯啶菌酯、烯唑醇、醚菌酯和腈菌唑4种药剂对小麦白粉病有很好的防治效果,可在生产中推广应用。     

几种药剂防治三化螟效果比较

2000～2001年在三化螟重发区安徽省庐江县进行药剂防效试验。结果表明 ,防治 2代三化螟药剂和剂量为40%氟虫腈·杀虫单可湿性粉剂 1350g/hm²、5%锐劲特悬浮剂600mL/hm²、45%杀虫双可溶性粉剂喷雾和毒土撒施各1650g/hm²、90%杀虫单可溶性粉剂750g/hm²,各施药 2次 ,其虫口减退率分别为 100.0%、100.0%、95.0%、78.2%和 92.9%。防治3代三化螟喷雾 1次 ,设 30%杀·锐可湿性粉剂 750、1050、1350g/hm²,其虫口减退率分别为 81.3%、85.4%和 89.4% ,均显著高于常规对照药剂 90%杀虫单可湿性粉剂 900g/hm²。各处理保苗效果与虫口减退率趋势一致 ,未发现对水稻有药害     

喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈复配应用于小麦田的除草效果及对小麦的安全性

为明确新型除草剂喹草酮应用于小麦田的除草效果及对小麦的安全性,在温室内采用共毒系数法对喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈联合作用进行测定,并验证喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈两者混用以及与双氟磺草胺三者混用时对小麦田杂草的防效,以及对小麦的安全性。温室试验结果表明,喹草酮对阿拉伯婆婆纳Veronica persica防效优,试验剂量下全部死亡,对播娘蒿Descurainia sophia和麦家公 Lithospermum arvense的GR₅₀分别为12.67 g （a.i.）/hm²和152.99 g （a.i.）/hm²;辛酰溴苯腈对播娘蒿和麦家公防效优,其GR₅₀分别为26.22 g （a.i.）/hm²和13.36 g （a.i.）/hm²,对阿拉伯婆婆纳防效略差,GR₅₀为85.12 g （a.i.）/hm²。喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈按有效成分用量1：1~1：2.5配比时,阿拉伯婆婆纳全部死亡,对播娘蒿的共毒系数在140.34~202.77之间,呈明显增效作用,对麦家公的共毒系数达700.00以上,也呈明显增效作用。田间试验结果表明,喹草酮对阿拉伯婆婆纳防效高,而对猪殃殃Galium aparine和播娘蒿略差;辛酰溴苯腈作用速度快,但后期部分杂草返青,喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈复配后优势互补,对小麦田阔叶杂草阿拉伯婆婆纳、猪殃殃和播娘蒿防效均优,鲜重防效在88.54%~ 93.83%之间,且杂草死亡速度快,在2种药剂基础上加入双氟磺草胺后,鲜重防效在96.12%以上。喹草酮单剂或与辛酰溴苯腈、双氟磺草胺的混配处理不影响小麦的正常生长。     

12%虫螨腈•甲维盐悬浮剂对十字花科蔬菜主要害虫的生物活性及田间药效

室内毒力测定表明,12%虫螨腈&;#8226;甲维盐悬浮剂对菜粉蝶、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾有很高的毒力,LC50分别为0.024、0.92、5.08、6.06 mg/L,对甘蓝蚜毒力较差,LC50为95.54 mg/L,田间试验结果显示,12%虫螨腈&;#8226;甲维盐悬浮剂有效成分18.0 g/hm2对菜粉蝶、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾具有优异防效,药后3 d防效在80%以上,药后9 d仍在90%左右,持效期10～15 d。     

两株茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒毒株对灰茶尺蠖的毒力及基因组差异

为明确茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒（Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus,EcobNPV）毒株对灰茶尺蠖E.grisescens的毒力差异及其机制,以前期筛选获得的高效毒株EcobNPV-QF4和原始毒株EcobNPV-QV为研究对象,采用PCR扩增技术对其进行分子鉴定,通过叶盘法毒力生测试验测定毒力差异,并用定量PCR技术比较病毒拷贝数及基因组测序方法分析基因组差异。结果表明,EcobNPV-QV经分子鉴定存在3个基因型,而EcobNPV-QF4则存在2个基因型,2株毒株的基因型存在差异;EcobNPV-QV和EcobNPV-QF4对灰茶尺蠖的幼虫毒力分别为4.26×10⁶ PIB/头和9.72×10⁷ PIB/头,EcobNPV-QF4对灰茶尺蠖的毒力是EcobNPV-QV的22.8倍;饲毒0~48 h之间EcobNPV-QF4在灰茶尺蠖体内的增殖拷贝均显著高于EcobNPV-QV,EcobNPV-QF4比EcobNPV-QV具有更快的繁殖能力;比较2株毒株的基因组,EcobNPV-QF4比EcobNPV-QV长315 bp,与EcobNPV-QV相比EcobNPV-QF4基因组的hr1~hr3区域出现倒位,其中核苷酸还原酶小亚基基因在EcobNPV-QF4中重复1次,3个同源重复区的回文序列存在差异但2株毒株仍为α杆状病毒亚家族II亲缘种分离株。表明2株毒株的基因组在同源重复区的序列及回文个数间存在差异,推测这可能与导致其对灰茶尺蠖毒力差异有关。     

3种环境友好型药剂对西花蓟马的室内毒力与田间防效

测定了3种杀虫剂对西花蓟马的室内毒力和田间防效。室内生物测定结果表明,多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素对西花蓟马成虫的LC50值为0.050～2.887mg/L,对西花蓟马若虫的LC50值为0.040～0.457mg/L;田间药效试验表明,田间防治西花蓟马时推荐使用剂量(防效>80%)分别为:2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂30～60g/667m2,1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油30～60g/667m2,1.8%阿维菌素乳油不可低于75g/667m2。     

日光温室防治棕榈蓟马药剂筛选

采用浸叶法开展了7种杀虫剂对温室棕榈蓟马成虫的室内毒力测定,并对效果较好的2种药剂进行田间药效试验。室内生物测定结果表明,多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对棕榈蓟马成虫的LC50分别为0.079 mg/L 和0.443 mg/L,而阿维菌素、灭多威、啶虫脒、高效氯氟氰菊酯LC50值为47.908 ~206.236 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明,2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂使用剂量以80~60 g/667 m2和 30~20 g/667 m2防治效果较理想。     

双委夜蛾幼虫对不同类别杀虫剂的敏感性及中毒症状

为筛选防治农业新发害虫双委夜蛾Athetis dissimilis（Hampson）的有效药剂,采用浸叶法测定了其不同龄期幼虫对8类18种常用杀虫剂的敏感性,并观察了幼虫对不同药剂的中毒症状。结果表明:3~6龄双委夜蛾幼虫对辛硫磷、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺和溴氰虫酰胺的敏感性较高,LC50值为0.138 1~27.40 mg/L;3龄及4龄幼虫对毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、氟啶脲、茚虫威和虫螨腈敏感性较高,LC50值小于22.63 mg/L,而5龄和6龄幼虫对上述药剂的敏感性均有所降低,LC50值大于38.13 mg/L;各龄期幼虫对甲基嘧啶磷、灭幼脲及新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性均较低,LC50值大于40.83 mg/L。双委夜蛾幼虫对不同类别杀虫剂的中毒症状存在差异,其中,经有机磷类、新烟碱类、吡咯类及齅二嗪类杀虫剂处理后,幼虫表现为体表干燥、体壁皱缩;而经拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂处理后幼虫表现为体壁柔软、充满体液。就生物活性测定结果而言,推荐溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、辛硫磷、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等药剂可用于双委夜蛾的应急防治。     

High‐level of resistance to spinosad,emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan in populations of Thrips tabaci collected in Israel

BACKGROUND: The onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a major pest of several crop plants in the genus Allium, such as onions, garlic and chives. In Israel, these crops are grown in open fields and in protected housing. This thrips is usually controlled by the application of chemical insecticides. In recent years, spinosad, emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan have been the major insecticides used for the control of the onion thrips. In the last 4 years, growers of chives and green onion from several regions of Israel have reported a significant decrease in the efficacy of insecticides used to control the onion thrips. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 14 populations of the onion thrips, collected mainly from chives between the years 2007 and 2011, to spinosad, emamectin benzoate and carbosulfan was tested using a laboratory bioassay. The majority of the populations showed significant levels of resistance to at least one of the insecticides. LC₅₀ values calculated for two of the studied populations showed that the resistance factor for spinosad compared with the susceptible population is 21 393, for carbosulfan 54 and for emamectin benzoate 36. Only two populations, collected from organic farms, were susceptible to the insecticides tested. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a high resistance level to spinosad, the major insecticide used to control the onion thrips. Resistance cases to spinosad were associated with failures to control the pest. Populations resistant to spinosad also had partial or complete resistance to other insecticides used for controlling the onion thrips. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

21种化学药剂对新疆棉田主要害虫毒力及对多异瓢虫的安全性

为明确现阶段棉田常用化学杀虫剂对新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）棉花主要害虫的毒力以及对新疆本地优势天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,于室内分别测定当前21种棉田常用化学药剂对新疆棉田3种主要害虫棉蚜Aphis gossypii、截形叶螨Etranychus truncatus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera以及优势天敌多异瓢虫的毒力,比较不同药剂对各种害虫和天敌的相对毒力指数以及益害毒性比。结果表明,药剂处理24 h后,10种蚜虫防治药剂对棉蚜成蚜的半致死浓度LC₅₀由高到低依次为氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、丁硫克百威、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯;5种叶螨防治药剂对截形叶螨成螨的LC₅₀从高到低依次为阿维菌素、哒螨灵、四螨嗪、噻螨酮和炔螨特,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有四螨嗪、噻螨酮和阿维菌素;6种鳞翅目害虫幼虫防治药剂对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的LC₅₀由高到低顺次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（简称甲维盐）、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、灭多威、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺。综合上述2个方面结果,氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺不仅对棉花害虫毒力效果强,而且对有益天敌安全性高。     

Toxicity,persistence and efficacy of indoxacarb and two other insecticides on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) immatures in cabbage

Toxicities of indoxacarb on eggs and 5-day-old larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., on cabbage and those of field-aged leaf residues on 5-day-old larvae were determined in the laboratory. The persistence and efficacies of indoxacarb and two other newer insecticides (spinosad and emamectin benzoate) to P. xylostella were tested under field conditions. Results from laboratory bioassays indicate that indoxacarb was highly toxic to P. xylostella larvae through food ingestion, with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 24.1 and 90.1 mg AI l ^{- 1}, respectively. However, indoxacarb had no significant effects on eggs and larvae through direct contact compared with water control. The toxicity of field-aged leaf residues of indoxacarb (0-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 10-, 14-, 17- and 21-day-old residues) declined slowly and gradually under the field conditions in South Texas. Almost all larvae died on day 5 after feeding on the leaves with 0 - 14-day residue, and the mortalities were as high as 94 and 78% for the 14- and 17-day-old leaf residues. With one application, indoxacarb suppressed P. xylostella larvae below the economic threshold for 14 - 21 days. Two field trials showed that indoxacarb at 0.05 - 0.07 kg AI ha ^{- 1} was effective against P. xylostella, providing marketable cabbage with three applications per season. In addition, indoxacarb was as effective as spinosad, and significantly more effective than emamectin benzoate.     

Lutte contre les chenilles des noctuelles défoliatrices de la culture de la menthe verte (Mentha spicata L.) au Maroc

Defoliating caterpillars from the family Noctuidae are the most destructive insect pests on spearmint crop in Morocco. To control these pests, the growers apply several applications of non‐selective insecticides that are sometimes not registered for this use. This study investigates the efficacy of a set of selective chemical insecticides and other insecticides registered for organic farming against the defoliating caterpillars for better protection and in order to limit pesticide residues. Two insecticides authorized in organic farming and four other chemical insecticides were tested against the defoliating caterpillars under field conditions, following the randomized complete block experimental design with three replications. The comparative study of the efficacy of the different insecticides tested showed an average caterpillar reduction of 89.4, 82.5 and 68.1% with a defoliation reduction of 57.1, 53.8 and 43.9% for two of the tested synthetic insecticides, chlorantraniliprole (15cc/hl), emamectin benzoate (250g/ha) and for one of the tested bio‐insecticides, spinosad (30cc/hl) respectively. An increase of the total fresh mint weight compared to the non‐treated control was recorded for these three insecticides with 50.9%, 48.4%, and 40.5% for emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad respectively. Insecticides containing chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, or spinosad active substances could be used as alternatives to other synthetic broad‐spectrum insecticides commonly used on spearmint in Morocco.     

吡草醚室内除草生物活性测定及对小麦安全性评价

为探讨原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂类除草剂—吡草醚防除小麦田阔叶杂草的生物活性及其对小麦的安全性,采用室内生物活性测定法研究了吡草醚对我国北方小麦田常见5种阔叶杂草的除草活性及对3个小麦品种的安全性。结果表明:吡草醚对播娘蒿Descurainia sophia、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris和麦瓶草Silene conoidea的防效好,GR_(90)值分别为3.66、4.21、2.57 g(a.i.)/hm~2,对猪殃殃Galium aparine、麦家公Lithospermum arvense的防效略差,GR_(90)值分别为11.41、17.39 g(a.i.)/hm~2,其活性是苯磺隆的2.27~9.07倍;吡草醚对抗苯磺隆荠菜有一定的控制作用,GR_(90)值为47.55 g(a.i.)/hm~2。该药剂对小麦安全性好,当剂量为384、192 g(a.i.)/hm~2时,小麦出现轻微触杀性药害;济麦22、良星66和矮抗58对吡草醚的耐药性分别为对苯磺隆的2.00、2.41和1.18倍。吡草醚在供试3个小麦品种与5种杂草之间的选择性指数在22.80~309.73之间,优于苯磺隆。表明吡草醚茎叶喷雾处理对温室盆栽阔叶杂草具有速效性好、活性高、选择性强等优点,是具有开发前景的一种麦田除草剂。     

噁草酮防除直播稻田杂草稻的施用技术

为确立噁草酮防除直播稻田杂草稻的施用技术,通过温室盆栽试验比较了噁草酮在不同土壤水分环境下对栽培稻的安全性及对杂草稻的防效,并在大田中比较了不同直播方式下其对杂草稻的防效及栽培稻产量的影响。结果表明,透气条件下,噁草酮对栽培稻的药害最低,但对杂草稻的防效也较差;饱和水分条件下对杂草稻防效较好,150 g(a.i.)/hm~2时其出苗率和鲜重的抑制率达89.61%和61.87%,超过450 g(a.i.)/hm~2时完全抑制出苗;但药后播种对栽培稻安全性较高,600 g(a.i.)/hm~2下对其出苗率和鲜重的抑制率仅分别为38.06%和39.96%,播后施药的药害较重,最低剂量150 g(a.i.)/hm~2时抑制率已分别达88.77%和45.52%;淹水条件下,虽对杂草稻有100%的防效,但也完全抑制栽培稻出苗。大田施用噁草酮300、450、600 g(a.i.)/hm~2,旱直播和水直播方式下杂草稻株防效分别为26.88%、43.54%、44.45%和84.88%、85.74%、90.92%;鲜重防效分别为11.58%、20.16%、27.33%和30.86%、53.68%、80.15%。旱直播和水直播方式下施用量分别超过450、300 g/hm~2时栽培稻产量显著增加。综合分析,推荐水直播整地后泥水状态施用300 g(a.i.)/hm~2噁草酮,水层落干后播种,保持土壤湿润且土表不出现水渍,栽培稻顺利出苗后及时上水且不淹没苗心为宜。     

吡氟酰草胺除草活性及对小麦安全性测定

为明确吡氟酰草胺对我国黄淮海区域小麦田常见杂草的生物活性和对小麦的安全性,采用盆栽法测定了吡氟酰草胺在杂草苗前土壤处理和苗后早期茎叶处理2种施药方式下对小麦田常见17种杂草的除草活性及对济麦22、良星66和矮抗58三个小麦品种的安全性。结果表明:吡氟酰草胺在杂草苗前土壤处理和苗后早期茎叶处理中杀草谱基本一致,对阔叶杂草播娘蒿、荠菜和禾本科杂草早熟禾、碱茅、菵草、蜡烛草、棒头草和看麦娘8种杂草的防除效果好,土壤处理GR_(50)在15.96~75.95 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间,GR_(90)在65.27~253.83 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间,茎叶处理GR_(50)在10.47~89.15 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间,GR_(90)在90.20~429.37 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间;对猪殃殃、麦家公、麦瓶草和大穗看麦娘4种杂草防除效果略差,GR_(90)在577.98~2 486.76 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间;对节节麦、硬草、野燕麦、多花黑麦草和雀麦5种杂草的防除效果差或无效。该药对小麦安全性好,土壤处理和茎叶处理中,3个小麦品种在试验剂量下均生长正常,GR_(10)均大于3 200 g(a.i.)/hm~2,在小麦和播娘蒿等8种杂草之间的选择性指数均远远大于5.54。