中药材农药残留检测样品前处理方法的研究进展

与过去传统的农药残留样品前处理技术相比,近年来,农药残留检测技术向着过程简单化、微型化和自动化的方向发展。综述了几种近年来常用的农药残留样品前处理新技术,并对样品前处理技术进行了展望,以期为中药材的农药残留检测的样品前处理技术提供一定的参考。     

镇静剂残留分析的样品前处理技术研究进展

本文综述了近几年来镇静剂残留量分析的样品前处理技术，对各种前处理技术以及技术发展趋势进行了比较和讨论。     

食品中砷形态分析的前处理技术

不同形态的砷,毒性差距很大,为了有效的评价食品安全,进行砷形态分析十分必要。形态分析的过程中,要求尽可能的避免原有砷形态被破坏,因此前处理技术已成为形态分析的关键。本文综述了食品中砷形态分析的前处理技术的相关内容,介绍了常用的前处理方法,并列举了近几年在不同类型的食品中砷形态分析的前处理技术的应用实例。     

粮食中农药残留检测前处理技术研究进展

随着人们对食品安全的日益关注,粮食中农药残留检测越来越受到重视,农药残留检测中的关键步骤是样品前处理。近年来,新的前处理技术层出不穷,本文对当前国内外粮食中农药残留检测前处理技术的研究进展进行了综述,同时对这些技术的研究现状和发展趋势进行了分析和展望。     

农兽药残留检测中样品前处理技术的研究进展

样品前处理技术是农兽药残留分析的关键步骤,直接影响着检测的结果。近年来,出现了一些新的样品前处理技术,有效地减少了分析过程中样品前处理带来的误差,具有需要样品量少、特异性和选择性高、自动化处理、减少人工操作、环境友好和使用有机试剂少等特点。文章对这些新技术的基本原理、特点及在农兽药残留分析中的应用进行了综述,以期为提高农兽药残留的检测效率提供一些帮助。     

牛、羊肉和牛、羊奶中兽药残留现状分析及检测技术研究进展

本文综述了目前我国牛、羊肉和牛、羊奶中的兽药残留现状,发现存在残留超标可能的高风险药物种类主要是β-受体激动剂、抗生素类和抗菌药。并将检测技术分为样品前处理技术和分析技术两部分进行综述,结合相关研究将各前处理技术的特点进行了总结,并对各类分析技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

分子印迹固相萃取在兽药残留分析中的研究与应用

随着兽药残留分析前处理技术的不断发展,分子印迹固相萃取技术(MISPE)已成为兽药残留分析前处理领域的研究热点.就该技术在兽药残留分析中的研究应用现状作一综述.     

浅谈样品的前处理技术

食品的质量安全是世界各国广泛关注的重要问题，因此加强食品质量安全检测意义重大。而样品前处理是分析检测过程的关键环节，本文对食品质量安全检测样品前处理技术方法进行了总结。     

土壤中抗生素多残留污染现状及前处理方法研究进展

本篇综述介绍了环境土壤中兽药抗生素的来源以及污染现状,同时针对环境土壤样品的前处理技术进行了详细的归纳总结,特别是针对同时分析不同类别的兽药抗生素的样品前处理技术,并对其未来发展作了进一步展望,旨在为土壤中兽药抗生素的检测方法的开发以及环境土壤中兽药抗生素含量的检测提供参考。     

固液分离技术在畜禽养殖粪水处理与资源化利用中的应用

集约化养殖场的粪污含水量高、营养物质含量低,给再利用造成困难。固液分离作为规模化养殖场粪污前处理工序,减少了后续处理的负荷和处理成本。文内论述了固液分离常用的技术,并分析了各项技术所用的设备和适用性,为养殖场根据粪水性质选择合适的固液分离技术和设备提供指导意见。     

兽用脂质体制剂的研究进展

简要介绍了脂质体制剂的制备方法,包括薄膜分散法、逆相蒸发法、表面活性剂处理法、熔融法、复乳法、超声分散法和冷冻法。从脂质体的稳定性、药物的包封率、脂质体在体内血循环中存留时间短等几个方面讨论了影响脂质体应用的因素及其解决办法。介绍了兽用脂质体制剂在抗寄生虫、促生长、抗菌及抗病毒等方面的应用,并探讨了兽用脂质体制剂研究中存在的问题。     

Update on semen technologies for animal breeding.

Despite the scale of the livestock breeding industry, where many millions of insemination doses are prepared each year, sperm preparation techniques are used infrequently in animal assisted reproduction compared with its human counterpart. However, some of the techniques used for human sperm preparation, for example, density gradient centrifugation, improve the quality of sperm preparations which is, in turn, reflected by an increased conception rate. The preparation technique separates motile spermatozoa with normal morphology and intact DNA from the total sperm population, leaving behind immature or senescent spermatozoa, morphologically abnormal ones and those with damaged DNA. Furthermore, the motile spermatozoa are removed from the seminal plasma which carries cells, cellular debris and reactive oxygen species, as well as pathogens. Gradient-prepared spermatozoa survive longer, either in liquid storage or when cryopreserved, and are free of bacteria and viral infectivity if prepared carefully. Preparation techniques such as density gradient centrifugation, or the simplified single layer centrifugation technique, have considerable potential for aiding sperm preparation from poor quality semen samples, such as may be obtained from unselected semen donors in captive breeding programmes, or from performance horses. Moreover, the removal of pathogens has important implications, both for disease control and for avoiding the use of antibiotics in semen extenders, which can be detrimental to sperm survival.     

Anesthesia for neonatal foals

A brief discussion of those aspects of neonatal physiology that pertain to anesthetic risk and selection of anesthetic techniques is followed by discussion of suggested techniques for anesthetic management in healthy foals. Preoperative preparation and management of foals with selected serious surgical conditions are also considered.     

快速检测动物病毒电镜技术

经多年研究，提出了适用于快速检出和鉴定动物病毒的系列电镜样品制备技术。该技术包括离子交换捕捉、微波幅射、高速离心、免疫金标方法。通过与常规法对比试验证实了离子交换捕捉法具有防腐保鲜作用，其浓缩样品的程度相当于超速离心法，简便易行，适用于远距离运送样品的检测；微波幅射改进法，不但加快了包埋制样速度，而且也提高了包埋质量；高速离心沉淀法快速简便，提高了检出率；免疫金标法不但提高了检出率，而且对于非典型及形态特征性不强的病毒粒子也能作出准确的诊断。可根据不同种类、不同目的的样品采取不同的制样方法，形成了系列化技术。此技术经农牧区、边疆、兽医生药厂、高等院校、科研单位以及海关进出口检疫等送检样品的验证，完全是可行的。应用该技术可快速、准确地诊断动物病毒病。     

Evaluation of rapid staining techniques for cytologic diagnosis of intracranial lesions

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 4 rapid supravital stains and 3 preparation techniques for use in the intraoperative diagnosis of intracranial lesions. ANIMALS: 10 dogs and 1 cat euthanatized for intracranial lesions. PROCEDURE: Specimens were taken from lesions and slides prepared, using 3 techniques: touch impression, medium-pressure impression, or smear preparation. Preparations were then stained with 4 stains: modified Wright stain, May-Grünwald-Giemsa, toluidine blue, and zynostain and examined in a blinded randomized fashion. Cytologic diagnosis was compared with histopathologic diagnosis and classified on the basis of identification of the pathologic process and specific diagnosis into the following categories: complete correlation, partial correlation, or no correlation. RESULTS: An overall diagnostic accuracy of 81% (107/132) was achieved on the basis of a combination of partial and complete correlation. Of the stains examined, modified Wright stain appeared to be most accurate, with complete correlation in 17 of 33 (52%) specimens and partial correlation in 12 of 33 (36%) specimens. Of the preparation methods, touch preparation and smear preparation provided the most accurate results, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 82% (36/44) for both methods. However, smear preparations appeared to be of greater diagnostic value, with fewer nondiagnostic specimens, compared with touch preparations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cytologic preparations provide a useful diagnostic tool for the intraoperative diagnosis of intracranial lesions. All stains examined yielded promising results, the most accurate of which appeared to be the modified Wright stain. The smear preparation appeared to be the preparation method of greatest diagnostic value.     

Collection and preparation of blood products

Blood-component therapy has become an integral part of veterinary practice. Although access to veterinary blood banks has increased, practitioners may prefer to create their own blood-donor program to provide for their blood-product needs or to respond to an emergent need. Before embarking on such an endeavor, it is important to understand the techniques and requirements for such a program. This article will discuss issues in donor selection and management, supplies and techniques of blood-component acquisition, and supplies and techniques of blood-component preparation.     

Comparison of an Antimicrobial Adhesive Drape and Povidone-lodine Preoperative Skin Preparation in Dogs

The antimicrobial efficacy of an adhesive drape applied after a 1-minute alcohol scrub was compared to a povidone-iodine (PI) skin preparation technique in dogs. Each technique was applied to both sides of 15 adult anesthetized dogs on premeasured, clipped areas of skin. Skin bacteria were quantified before, immediately after, and 1 hour after skin preparation. Predominant skin bacteria were isolated by swabbing the skin. The percentages of bacterial reduction immediately after and 1 hour after skin preparation, percentages of negative culture results, cultures with more than five colony-forming units, and the frequency of skin reactions were calculated and analyzed statistically. Drape adhesion was assessed subjectively. The percentage reduction in skin bacteria was significant for both techniques and comparable to that reported in humans. The adhesive drape was significantly less effective in both the immediate and 1-hour periods. Lift occurred in 66% of drape applications but was not associated with high bacterial counts. Acute contact dermatitis was more frequent after skin preparation with PI. There was no difference between the techniques in recovery of potential skin pathogens. The authors conclude that application of this antimicrobial adhesive drape after a 1-minute alcohol scrub is not as effective in the reduction of skin bacteria in dogs as is PI preparation of the skin.     

影响猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染与增殖的因素

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染宿主细胞以及在宿主细胞内进行复制的过程受到宿主细胞的细胞受体、胞内大分子及细胞因子影响。随着单克隆抗体制备技术、分子生物学技术与蛋白质研究技术的日趋成熟,使深入研究影响PRRSV感染与增殖的因素成为可能。目前在猪肺巨噬细胞(PAM)与Marc-145细胞中发现了多个PRRSV细胞受体,这与PRRSV感染宿主细胞所具有严格的细胞嗜性有关。同时胞内大分子物质可导致PRRSV在宿主细胞内产生增殖性感染。包括干扰素在内的细胞因子具有抑制PRRSV在宿主细胞内增殖的作用。研究影响PRRSV感染与增殖的因素,对于预防PRRSV感染与合理利用PRRSV具有重要意义。     

过渡地带高尔夫球场草坪建植技术的研究

过渡地带因其特殊的气候条件为高尔夫球场草坪的建植带来了一定的困难.通过草坪建植前床土及排水层的处理、草种的选择、混配和草坪苗期管理几个方面阐述了过渡地带高尔夫球场草坪建植的技术和方法。     

Endodontic Instruments for Root Canal Therapy

This article on endodontic instrumentation includes endodontic instruments and techniques of root-canal preparation of teeth in veterinary patients. Familiarity with instruments covered in this article and with advances in veterinary endodontics has become necessary for the veterinary dental practitioner who wishes to practice dentistry using current techniques. Veterinary endodontic techniques that help to retain the teeth longer are increasing in demand as an option to extracting damaged teeth. Endodontic treatment involves removal of the irreversibly damaged pulp, followed by cleaning and shaping of the root canal space using endodontic instruments and subsequent filling, or obturation, with a semisolid material and a sealer.