鸡血细胞电子显微镜观察

本研究对20只鸡的血细胞进行了电子显微镜观察,观察结果表明、鸡的血细胞与家畜的血细胞在超微结构方面有许多不同。特别是:红细胞不但有细胞核.而且胞质内还含有线粒体、高尔基复合体和自噬体;假嗜酸性粒细胞的特殊颗粒可分为A、B、C三种类型;嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒为均质无构造;嗜硷性粒细胞的嗜硷性颗粒又分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两型;血栓细胞有细胞核,细胞质中的特殊颗粒可分为α颗粒和致密颗粒。     

日本七鳃鳗血细胞显微及亚显微结构

用光镜和透射电镜技术对１０尾日本七鳃鳗的血细胞进行了观察。结果表明：红细胞为圆形或椭圆形,胞质不很均匀,电子密度较低,含有板状嵴线粒体,核呈圆形或椭圆形。中性粒细胞表面有伪足,形态各异,胞质内含有Ａ、Ｂ２种颗粒（Ａ型颗粒为圆形,电子密度较低;Ｂ型颗粒为长椭圆形,电子密度较高）。嗜酸粒细胞数量较少,胞质内含有Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３种形态各异的有膜颗粒（Ａ型颗粒为圆形,电子密度较高,均质;Ｂ型为长椭圆形,颗粒中央有电子密度较高的长椭圆形致密芯;Ｃ型内含有电子密度较高的杆状致密芯,位于颗粒一侧）。单核细胞表面有伪足,胞质内含有粗面内质网、板状嵴线粒体、溶酶体和液泡。淋巴细胞为圆形,核较大,胞质内含有板状嵴线粒体、粗面内质网和嗜天青颗粒。血栓细胞体积较小,形态各异,胞质内含有线粒体、粗面内质网和细小颗粒。     

黑熊血液有形成分显微及亚微结构的研究

利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术对5只黑熊血液有形成分进行了系统观察.结果表明:红细胞为圆饼状,直径为7.4μm,胞质均质,电子密度中等,未见有任何细胞器,中性粒细胞胞质内含有大量体积较小、形态多样、电子密度不同的中性颗粒,嗜酸粒细胞胞质内的嗜酸性颗粒含有纵向排列、电子密度高的长方形晶体;嗜碱粒细胞除含有体积较大、内含小粒的嗜碱性颗粒外,还含有数量较多体积较小的颗粒;单核细胞和淋巴细胞与其他种哺乳动物相应细胞形态结构类似;血小板体积较小,直径为3μm,无核,基质内含有两种颗粒,即一种是体积较大,且电子密度较高的致密颗粒,另一种为体积较小,内有芯样结构的特殊颗粒.     

东北梅花鹿血液有形成分电子显微镜观察

东北梅花鹿血液有形成分的种类及基本结构与其他哺乳动物类似.其本身特点:红细胞形态除有圆饼状外,还含有一定数量的所谓“圆口状”细胞,红细胞无核,胞质均质,电子密度较高;中性粒细胞的嗜中性颗粒有椭圆形、圆形和杆状等多种形态,而且电子密度低;嗜酸粒细胞的嗜酸性颗粒只有一种,颗粒为圆球状,不含有蛋白结晶体;嗜碱粒细胞数量极少,其颗粒的数量亦较少,颗粒内含有更微细的小颗粒;血小板无核,内含有两种颗粒,即①特殊颗粒,数量较多,基质电子密度较高,②致密颗粒,数量较少,含有致密芯,呈牛眼状;此外胞质还有少量的线粒体和大量的核糖体等.     

家禽骨髓内红细胞、白细胞发生的显微和亚显微结构特点

利用光镜和电镜对鹅、鸭和鸡骨髓内红细胞和白细胞发生的显微和亚显微结构进行了研究。结果显示 :鹅骨髓内红细胞系的体积比鸭的略大。光镜下鸭、鹅异嗜性粒细胞 ,在早幼阶段胞质内出现少量圆形颗粒 ;在晚幼阶段出现较多暗红色的圆形、杆状、梭形颗粒。嗜酸性粒细胞在早幼阶段胞质内出现少量着桔红色的圆形颗粒 ;晚幼阶段颗粒多呈杆状 ,胞核轮廓清楚。嗜碱性粒细胞在各阶段胞质内散布紫红色的细小颗粒。电镜下鸡原始红细胞多附着在窦壁上 ,核周隙窄 ,核孔数量较多 ;而成熟红细胞多分布在近血窦中央处 ,核周隙宽 ,核孔数量较少。异嗜性颗粒在早幼阶段可分 A型和 B型。嗜碱性颗粒分为 型和 型 ,它们分别在中幼和晚幼阶段出现。嗜酸性颗粒呈均质的圆形     

鹅胸腺APUD(样)细胞的超微结构

应用透射电镜在鹅胸腺内发现一种ＡＰＵＤ（样）细胞。这种细胞形态不规则,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核圆形,电子密度低,核仁明显;胞质内含有粗面内质网、线粒体等丰富的细胞器。其主要特征是含有大量的多分布于胞质一侧的膜包小分泌颗粒,呈圆形或椭圆形,大小不等,直径１１０～５５０ｎｍ,有些颗粒在界膜与内含物之间可见低电子密度的晕轮。根据其超微结构特征,可将颗粒分为３型：Ⅰ型颗粒为中等电子密度;Ⅱ型颗粒为均质状高电子密度;Ⅲ型颗粒在中等电子密度中含有一高电子密度的核芯。作者认为这种细胞属于内分泌细胞,并且很可能是分泌肽类激素的ＡＰＵＤ细胞。     

余干乌骨鸡胸腺4种内分泌细胞超微结构特点和形态计量学分析

为阐明禽类胸腺内分泌细胞类型,并进一步了解禽类胸腺发挥功能的结构基础,本试验应用石蜡切片、普通光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术观察余干乌骨鸡胸腺组织显微和超微结构,并通过形态计量学对相关细胞参数进行测量和分析。结果显示,余干乌骨鸡胸腺分为很多小叶,每个小叶明显的分为外周的皮质和中间的髓质。髓质内含有胸腺小体。胸腺内还有黑色素分布。超微结构显示,胸腺内含有较多的淋巴细胞、上皮网状细胞和黑色素细胞,并有多种形态的内分泌细胞。内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒的形状和电子密度等特征皆存在差异。根据内分泌细胞的形态和胞质内分泌颗粒的特征,胸腺内分泌细胞分为4种类型。Ⅰ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒多呈规整的圆形,电子密度高,大小不等,直径介于400～770 nm。Ⅱ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒形态差异较大,多呈卵圆形,或两端粗大、中间细长的哑铃型,电子密度高,直径介于265～1 320 nm。Ⅲ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒呈圆形或卵圆形,中等电子密度,也有颗粒呈电子疏松的囊泡状,直径介于180～340 nm。Ⅳ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒呈圆形或卵圆形,颗粒类脂型或黏液型,电子密度低,直径介于510～1 280 n...     

鸡骨髓内嗜酸性粒细胞发生的形态特点

对雏鸡骨髓内嗜酸性粒细胞发生的形态结构进行了光镜和电镜观察。嗜酸性颗粒从早幼阶段开始出现，随着细胞的不断发育，颗粒的数量逐渐增多。嗜酸性颗粒呈圆形，大小相近，着桔红色，内部结构均匀，电子密度中等，胞核轮廓清楚，异染色质较少。     

纤细背孔吸虫的卵黄细胞发育和虫卵超微结构观察

应用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察纤细背孔吸虫（Notocotylus attenuatus）的卵黄细胞发育和虫卵超微结构。结果显示，纤维背孔吸虫卵黄细胞的发育过程分为3个时期：I期为未发育的卵黄细胞期，细胞外形不规则，核大；Ⅱ期为发育中的卵黄细胞期，细胞增大，胞质内出现大量粗面内质网，卵黄颗粒明显增加；Ⅲ期为成熟卵黄细胞期，胞质内可见单个类脂滴并充满卵黄球，卵黄球内含卵黄颗粒9～37个（X^-=20.45,n=20）。虫卵两端具有卵丝，一端具有卵盖，卵盖与卵壳交接处有2条环状隆起，卵内含有胚细胞和脂滴。胚细胞的胞质内含有核二样的细胞质体和线粒体。     

鸡骨髓内异嗜性粒细胞发生的形态特点

对雏鸡骨髓内异嗜性粒细胞的形态结构特点进行了光镜和龟镜观察。异嗜性粒细胞内的颗粒从早幼阶段开始出现，随着细胞从幼稚到成熟，颗粒的形态，数量发生变化。异嗜性粒细胞内的颗粒可分Ａ、Ｂ型。     

Ultrastructure of Developing and Mature Caprine Leukocytes

Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that, based on the structural uniqueness of the granules, caprine granulocytes are easily distinguishable from each other from the promyelocyte stage onwards. The neutrophils had the smallest granules which varied in size and were, in mature cells, either spherical to dumb-bell in shape; in mature cells the granule contents were compact and finely granular. The primary granules were smaller than the secondary granules. The eosinophil granules were large and typically had internal crystalloid structures; a second group of spherical granules with moderately coarse non-crystalloid sub-structure was present in smaller numbers in promyelocytes and myelocytes only. The basophil granules were also large, lackes crystalloids but showed variation in coarseness of granule substance, ranging from finely granular to markedly coarse. Mature granulocytes lackes Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes which were present in promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and bands. The monocytes had moderate numbers of spherical granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and ribosomes, as well as prominent Golgi apparatus, and the cytoplasm had many small vacuoles.     

Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Properties of Peripheral Blood Cells of Piebald Naked Carp (Gymnocypris eckloni)

The ultrastructural and cytochemical properties of peripheral blood cells of Gymnocypris eckloni were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a range of cytochemical techniques to provide clear insight into the structure and function of blood cells from this fish. Ultrastructurally, erythrocytes, leucocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes), thrombocytes and plasma cells were identified in the peripheral blood of G. eckloni. The most special ultrastructural characteristics of blood cells in this fish were that neutrophils exhibited only one type of cytoplasmic granules containing an eccentric, spherical or oval electron‐dense core, and eosinophils presented two types of granules with non‐uniform electronic density and without crystalloids in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes were positive for periodic acid–Schiff and α‐naphthyl acetate esterase staining. Intense peroxidase positive staining was observed in neutrophils and monocytes, but not in eosinophils, lymphocytes and thrombocytes. Neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes were stained positively for acid phosphatase, whereas lymphocytes and thrombocytes did not stain. Leucocytes and thrombocytes were negative for alkaline phosphatase and Sudan black B staining. Erythrocytes were negative for all cytochemical staining. The cytochemical and ultrastructural features of peripheral blood cells of G. eckloni were similar to those of other fish species. However, some important differences were identified in G. eckloni.     

Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in laboratory mice

Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia, characterized by an accumulation of characteristic crystalloid-laden alveolar macrophages, was seen in 30/7,500 NMRI, 7/600 T x HT, 2/100 C57BL and in no cases of 1,500 CBA and 1,100 BALB/c mice. Histologically, there was a focal accumulation of large numbers of eosinophilic macrophages, generally associated with granulocytes. Macrophages could be mononucleate or multinucleate and had a crystalline cytoplasm. Free-lying crystals were sometimes observed. Ultrastructurally, macrophages had a cytoplasmic accumulation of needle-shaped and rhomboidal crystals, often showing a clear lattice structure with a repeat of 3-5 nm. The crystalloid inclusions may be derived from the breakdown products of granulocytes and appear similar to inclusions in macrophages in other parts of the hematopoietic system. That these inclusions are probably derived from eosinophils is based on the appearance within macrophages of structures resembling eosinophil granules at various stages of degradation and the similarity between the lattice repeat of the crystalloids and that of the crystalline core of the eosinophil granule. The crystalloid inclusions may be related to the Charcot-Leyden crystals found in human beings.     

Ultrastructural Features of the Bovine Cecal Mucosa

The cecal surface epithelium of cattle was lined entirely by columnar cells except near the openings of the glands where a few partially depleted goblet cells were encountered. Surface columnar cells with pale cytoplasm, indented (sometimes dome-shaped) apical border and irregular microvilli, were also found near the gland orifices. Surface columnar cells -near the openings of the glands contained large cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomal-like bodies. Near the extrusion zone, however, the columnar cells contained highly indented and apically displaced nuclei. The glands were usually long and straight and lined by an epithelium concisting mainly of undifferentiated and goblet cells. There were few entero-endocrine and non-epithelial cells (intra-epithelial lymphocytes and globule leukocytes). Paneth cells were absent. The undifferentiated cells contained many free ribosomes and apical secretory granules. Some of these cells were undergoing mitotic division. Goblet cells exhibited a typical brandy-glass appearance and showed dark and light mucigenous granules. Endocrine cells with polymorphic secretory granules and cells with more uniform secretory granules were identified in the basal part of the epithelium. Globule leukocytes and intra-epithelial lymphocytes were usually encountered near the basal part of the epithelium. The lamina propria was highly cellular. It contained many plasma cells, mast cells and small lymphocytes, and few eosinophils, neutrophils and globule leukocytes. Some of the plasma cells contained large, dense Russell bodies within the cisternae of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. The neutrophils displayed distinct populations of small and large cytoplasmic granules. Some of the eosinophilic granules showed narrow crystalline cores. Large lymphocytes were found in the lamina propria, but occurred less frequently than small lymphocytes.     

Granular mucosal lymphocytes in porcine small intestine

A subpopulation of purified, interepithelial lymphocytes from porcine small intestinal mucosa contained cytoplasmic granules. Toluidine blue staining revealed metachromatic granules in 13.64% (606/4,450) cells. The cells had scant organelles, a single large nucleus with obvious invagination of the nuclear membrane, and prominent chromatin. Each cell contained 1 to 10 cytoplasmic membrane-bound granules, 0.6 to 1.5 micron in diameter. These findings indicated that the granular mucosal lymphocytes are related morphologically to mucosal mast cells. The presence of serotonin in the granules, confirmed by the serotonin releasing test, provided functional evidence that granular mucosal lymphocytes are related to mucosal mast cells.     

Cellular distribution of orally and intramuscularly administered iron dextran in newborn piglets.

Histochemical studies were performed on tissues from piglets of different ages treated orally with iron dextran soon after birth. The mucosal cells in the distal region of the small intestine were heavily laden with stainable iron granules during the first three days after the iron administration. The absorptive epithelial cells are desquamated within seven to ten days after birth. Consequently, the number of iron granules gradually diminishes during the first seven days after treatment and no iron granules are demonstrated 12 days after the administration of iron. The iron dextran complex is pinocytosed in newborn piglets and then transported via the lymphatic system. Thus the sinusoidal lining cells of the body and mesenteric lymph nodes are already heavily laden with iron granules 24 hours after oral treatment. This iron store is released only slowing during the first weeks of life. Great amounts of iron granules are demonstrated in the liver and spleen macrophages during the first week after the administration of iron. Due to the rapid utilization of iron in growing piglets these iron stores diminish sharply during the weeks following birth. The distribution of stainable iron in the lymph nodes, liver and spleen seven days after intramuscular injection of iron dextran in newborn piglets was comparable to that for oral administration at that stage of the experiment.     

恒河猴肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的电镜观察

应用透射电镜观察了恒河猴肾上腺髓质含有的 3种嗜铬细胞 ,即明嗜铬细胞、暗嗜铬细胞和小颗粒嗜铬细胞的超微结构特征。明嗜铬细胞卵圆形或略微不规则形 ,电子密度较低 ,胞核圆形 ;胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒。分泌颗粒多为圆形 ,直径 130～ 35 0 nm,根据其超微结构 ,可分为 2型 : 型颗粒 ,电子密度高 ,核芯呈均质状 ,有的核芯偏于颗粒一侧 ; 型颗粒 ,电子密度中等或较低 ,核芯为细粒状 ,不偏位。暗嗜铬细胞多边形或不规则形 ,电子密度较高 ,胞核不规则形 ;分泌颗粒与明嗜铬细胞相似。小颗粒嗜铬细胞与明嗜铬细胞相似 ,但分泌颗粒较小 ,直径 10 0～ 2 5 0 nm。